Therapists in Hatfield, PA

Photo of Dr. Robert J Berchick, Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, A-CBT, CCTP
Dr. Robert J Berchick
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, A-CBT, CCTP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I aim, with compassion, to help you discover your Authentic Self, overcome emotional traps, distressing sensations, unhelpful thoughts, and unproductive behavioral patterns—so you can live a safe, fulfilling, and celebratory life. I utilize an integration of empirical, evidence-supported, holistic mind-body approaches. I am a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology, certified in Behavioral & Cognitive Psychology. With PSYPACT authority, I provide telepsychology in 40+ states, drawing on my many years of service at the University of Pennsylvania's Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology.
I aim, with compassion, to help you discover your Authentic Self, overcome emotional traps, distressing sensations, unhelpful thoughts, and unproductive behavioral patterns—so you can live a safe, fulfilling, and celebratory life. I utilize an integration of empirical, evidence-supported, holistic mind-body approaches. I am a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology, certified in Behavioral & Cognitive Psychology. With PSYPACT authority, I provide telepsychology in 40+ states, drawing on my many years of service at the University of Pennsylvania's Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology.
(267) 214-8926 View (267) 214-8926
Photo of Laurie E. Berman, Psychologist, MS
Laurie E. Berman
Psychologist, MS
Online Only
I am a licensed Psychologist who has been in practice for 36 years. My clients feel secure so that they can address their intimate, personal concerns. I am goal directed, helping people identify what they want to accomplish. I am kind, direct and straightforward. Most people allow their past to define their future. I am committed to assisting people in creating a healthy future. I teach my clients how to resolve their past. Then, their future is limitless. Each person is then able to see their world with more hope and optimism.
I am a licensed Psychologist who has been in practice for 36 years. My clients feel secure so that they can address their intimate, personal concerns. I am goal directed, helping people identify what they want to accomplish. I am kind, direct and straightforward. Most people allow their past to define their future. I am committed to assisting people in creating a healthy future. I teach my clients how to resolve their past. Then, their future is limitless. Each person is then able to see their world with more hope and optimism.
(215) 515-8027 View (215) 515-8027
Photo of Chelsea Garritt, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chelsea Garritt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
You are doing everything you are supposed to, but inside, you feel anxious, overstimulated, or just plain exhausted. Whether youre in the thick of new motherhood, navigating burnout, or facing triggers from your past, therapy can help you feel more grounded and supported. I specialize in helping women and moms in Pennsylvania work through anxiety, trauma and the emotional load that comes with caregiving and life transitions. I value a compassionate, down to earth, real-world approach that makes space for both your healing and your whole, every-day self. If you are tired of functioning in the same dysfunctional patterns, I am here.
You are doing everything you are supposed to, but inside, you feel anxious, overstimulated, or just plain exhausted. Whether youre in the thick of new motherhood, navigating burnout, or facing triggers from your past, therapy can help you feel more grounded and supported. I specialize in helping women and moms in Pennsylvania work through anxiety, trauma and the emotional load that comes with caregiving and life transitions. I value a compassionate, down to earth, real-world approach that makes space for both your healing and your whole, every-day self. If you are tired of functioning in the same dysfunctional patterns, I am here.
(267) 813-1597 View (267) 813-1597
Photo of Elizabeth A. Horwin, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CRC, CDMS, CCM
Elizabeth A. Horwin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CRC, CDMS, CCM
Serves Area
Life today is very complex and difficult. Individuals dealing with life challenges and responsibilities,do experience life events (death, divorce, etc.) they were not prepared for that cause them to get stuck. I offer counseling to assist individuals and families in coping with these life experiences. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy teaches the individual or family how to become healthier and happier by modifying thought and behavior patterns. Past Life Regression Therapy (PLRT), is available in conjunction with CBT. I was trained and certified by Dr. Brian Weiss, author of Many Lives, Many Masters, to offer PLRT.
Life today is very complex and difficult. Individuals dealing with life challenges and responsibilities,do experience life events (death, divorce, etc.) they were not prepared for that cause them to get stuck. I offer counseling to assist individuals and families in coping with these life experiences. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy teaches the individual or family how to become healthier and happier by modifying thought and behavior patterns. Past Life Regression Therapy (PLRT), is available in conjunction with CBT. I was trained and certified by Dr. Brian Weiss, author of Many Lives, Many Masters, to offer PLRT.
(215) 839-9917 View (215) 839-9917
Photo of Patricia Taylor Lowry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Patricia Taylor Lowry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
My practice focuses on treating anxiety in all its forms, including chronic worry and stress, OCD, panic attacks, phobias, irritability, insomnia, fear of driving, health anxiety, or social anxiety. I also assist clients in coping with significant life changes, such divorce, becoming a parent, school or workforce changes, relocation, retirement, empty nest, adjusting to illness, or becoming a caregiver for others. I help clients overcome challenges by promoting insight, and by helping client develop coping strategies that work for them individually.
My practice focuses on treating anxiety in all its forms, including chronic worry and stress, OCD, panic attacks, phobias, irritability, insomnia, fear of driving, health anxiety, or social anxiety. I also assist clients in coping with significant life changes, such divorce, becoming a parent, school or workforce changes, relocation, retirement, empty nest, adjusting to illness, or becoming a caregiver for others. I help clients overcome challenges by promoting insight, and by helping client develop coping strategies that work for them individually.
(215) 995-5208 View (215) 995-5208
Photo of Jenny Pitzen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jenny Pitzen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
We all experience challenging seasons in our lives, and these periods often shape our identity. The question is whether they will drive us towards despair or spur us into growth. I approach my clients with compassion and understanding for where they are and where they have been, and hope and challenge for the future. I strive to create a space where people feel truly heard, affirmed, accepted, and valued. As a licensed clinical social worker, I have worked with individuals ranging in age from 5 to 75 years old.
We all experience challenging seasons in our lives, and these periods often shape our identity. The question is whether they will drive us towards despair or spur us into growth. I approach my clients with compassion and understanding for where they are and where they have been, and hope and challenge for the future. I strive to create a space where people feel truly heard, affirmed, accepted, and valued. As a licensed clinical social worker, I have worked with individuals ranging in age from 5 to 75 years old.
(215) 647-0257 View (215) 647-0257
Photo of Lisa W Schmittinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Lisa W Schmittinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Serves Area
Life can be a puzzle. Sometimes, pieces seem to be missing; other times, we aren't sure if we have all of the pieces. How do we put the pieces together? Do they fit? I believe the answer lies within you to solve the puzzle. Working together, we can discover the best part of you and the best fit for you. By using resources, knowledge and the therapeutic relationship, my goal is to empower individuals. My intent is to help you find a healthy balance in order to care for yourself and have healthy relationships.
Life can be a puzzle. Sometimes, pieces seem to be missing; other times, we aren't sure if we have all of the pieces. How do we put the pieces together? Do they fit? I believe the answer lies within you to solve the puzzle. Working together, we can discover the best part of you and the best fit for you. By using resources, knowledge and the therapeutic relationship, my goal is to empower individuals. My intent is to help you find a healthy balance in order to care for yourself and have healthy relationships.
(215) 995-5236 View (215) 995-5236
Photo of Kimberly Sue Infanti, Counselor, MEd, NBCC, LPC
Kimberly Sue Infanti
Counselor, MEd, NBCC, LPC
Online Only
I work best with clients ages 18 to 70 who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, loss, trauma or addiction. I enjoy assisting clients who are interested in addressing healthy coping skills, core beliefs, and who are open to examining what they think and how it impacts what they feel and how behaviors can be re-learned. I support diversity and welcome persons of all faiths or those who are atheists or humanists. In addition, I support the LGBT community. I believe that I connect well with most clients and find that those seeking treatment are much healthier and lovable than they believe they are.
I work best with clients ages 18 to 70 who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, loss, trauma or addiction. I enjoy assisting clients who are interested in addressing healthy coping skills, core beliefs, and who are open to examining what they think and how it impacts what they feel and how behaviors can be re-learned. I support diversity and welcome persons of all faiths or those who are atheists or humanists. In addition, I support the LGBT community. I believe that I connect well with most clients and find that those seeking treatment are much healthier and lovable than they believe they are.
(610) 510-6040 View (610) 510-6040
Photo of Howard Hansell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Howard Hansell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Are you experiencing high levels of stress, anxiety and burnout? Is life feeling a bit too much for you right now and leading to depression, low energy, decreased productivity and interpersonal relationship problems? Would you like to take some time to get your life back from all of this? Better days are ahead, and I am here to help! I am a professional counselor licensed in Pennsylvania with over 20 years of experience helping clients with a diverse set of concerns including depression, anxiety, career issues, stress management, substance abuse, work-life balance, and bereavement.
Are you experiencing high levels of stress, anxiety and burnout? Is life feeling a bit too much for you right now and leading to depression, low energy, decreased productivity and interpersonal relationship problems? Would you like to take some time to get your life back from all of this? Better days are ahead, and I am here to help! I am a professional counselor licensed in Pennsylvania with over 20 years of experience helping clients with a diverse set of concerns including depression, anxiety, career issues, stress management, substance abuse, work-life balance, and bereavement.
(610) 978-0902 View (610) 978-0902
Photo of Caryn Gill, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
Caryn Gill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you feel like your emotions get the best of you? Do you wonder why things get under your skin and pull you into a spiral, even if part of you knows it's not rational? Do you live your life trying to avoid anxiety or sadness? Do feelings of worthlessness keep you stuck feeling like you're not who you'd like to be? Maybe you want to finally stop trying to run from your feelings and want to learn how to express them. OCD, anxiety, stress, and the weight of your past don't need to limit you anymore.
Do you feel like your emotions get the best of you? Do you wonder why things get under your skin and pull you into a spiral, even if part of you knows it's not rational? Do you live your life trying to avoid anxiety or sadness? Do feelings of worthlessness keep you stuck feeling like you're not who you'd like to be? Maybe you want to finally stop trying to run from your feelings and want to learn how to express them. OCD, anxiety, stress, and the weight of your past don't need to limit you anymore.
(215) 709-3085 View (215) 709-3085
Photo of Michael Jason Radosky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Michael Jason Radosky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Serves Area
An ideal client would be an individual that finds something missing. If you feel that there's an obstacle that is stopping you from achieving and reaching your goals, my practice can help you figure it out. Whether it's depression, anxiety, stress, family/social pressure, trauma, I use a number of therapeutic approaches to help you work through issues and concerns, develop the tools to cope with future obstacles and achieve your goals. I have strong background in mental health, substance abuse treatment, and physical health so I can provide a well-rounded therapeutic experience.
An ideal client would be an individual that finds something missing. If you feel that there's an obstacle that is stopping you from achieving and reaching your goals, my practice can help you figure it out. Whether it's depression, anxiety, stress, family/social pressure, trauma, I use a number of therapeutic approaches to help you work through issues and concerns, develop the tools to cope with future obstacles and achieve your goals. I have strong background in mental health, substance abuse treatment, and physical health so I can provide a well-rounded therapeutic experience.
(215) 488-7776 View (215) 488-7776
Photo of Irene Kathryn Kovacs-Donaghy - Resilience by Irene Kovacs-Donaghy, Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, LPC, ATR-BC
Resilience by Irene Kovacs-Donaghy
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, LPC, ATR-BC
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe in the philosophy of Resilience; a trait we are not born with but all have the ability to develop. In addition to processing past and present issues; I also focus on building coping skills and strategies to maintain wellness: "Life doesn't get easier we become more resilient. Each choice and challenge increases our knowledge and strength".
I believe in the philosophy of Resilience; a trait we are not born with but all have the ability to develop. In addition to processing past and present issues; I also focus on building coping skills and strategies to maintain wellness: "Life doesn't get easier we become more resilient. Each choice and challenge increases our knowledge and strength".
(215) 642-8283 View (215) 642-8283
Photo of Mackenzie Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Mackenzie Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hello! My name is MacKenzie Miller, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. I work with children, adolescents, young adults, and parents and I specialize in trauma and PTSD, anxiety, and other behavioral and emotional challenges. I am thoroughly trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) which are proven to reduce PTSD symptoms and other effects of trauma.
Hello! My name is MacKenzie Miller, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. I work with children, adolescents, young adults, and parents and I specialize in trauma and PTSD, anxiety, and other behavioral and emotional challenges. I am thoroughly trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) which are proven to reduce PTSD symptoms and other effects of trauma.
(717) 915-5857 View (717) 915-5857
Photo of Meredith Seltzer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Meredith Seltzer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hello, I'm Meredith. Do you feel overwhelmed? Off-balanced? Unsure what direction to go towards? Perhaps you're feeling sad, anxious, or lonely? I am here for you. Together, we will help you work through these negative feelings and empower you to be a stronger you. With over 16 years of experience as a counselor, I can assist you by providing support, encouragement, and the skills that children, families, and couples need to cope with stress and enjoy a more balanced, satisfying life. Sometimes, all you need is someone to help you process the struggles and concerns that are going on within your own mind or with someone else.
Hello, I'm Meredith. Do you feel overwhelmed? Off-balanced? Unsure what direction to go towards? Perhaps you're feeling sad, anxious, or lonely? I am here for you. Together, we will help you work through these negative feelings and empower you to be a stronger you. With over 16 years of experience as a counselor, I can assist you by providing support, encouragement, and the skills that children, families, and couples need to cope with stress and enjoy a more balanced, satisfying life. Sometimes, all you need is someone to help you process the struggles and concerns that are going on within your own mind or with someone else.
(786) 244-7347 View (786) 244-7347
Photo of Sarah Moussa, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Sarah Moussa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I address anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief and more. I believe in a person-centered approach to therapy, and will always meet my clients wherever they are at when they arrive in the therapy space. Whether looking to manage anxiety in the day to day, or unpacking past experiences and how they play into current life patterns, once the therapeutic relationship begins there will always be someone walking alongside you.
I address anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief and more. I believe in a person-centered approach to therapy, and will always meet my clients wherever they are at when they arrive in the therapy space. Whether looking to manage anxiety in the day to day, or unpacking past experiences and how they play into current life patterns, once the therapeutic relationship begins there will always be someone walking alongside you.
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Photo of Erin Titze, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Erin Titze
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that everyone deserves to have a therapist. Someone that is safe and non-judgemental to unpack some of the things that may be causing stress, anxiety or even depression. Though it may be tempting to choose someone that will "fix all of your problems", I will challenge you to work together with me in exploring how past and present experiences are currently affecting your overall mood and relationships.
I believe that everyone deserves to have a therapist. Someone that is safe and non-judgemental to unpack some of the things that may be causing stress, anxiety or even depression. Though it may be tempting to choose someone that will "fix all of your problems", I will challenge you to work together with me in exploring how past and present experiences are currently affecting your overall mood and relationships.
(610) 910-8886 View (610) 910-8886
Photo of Asia Luna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Asia Luna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I provide a calm and supportive space where you can explore your story with curiosity and compassion. Together, we’ll examine how past experiences influence your emotions, relationships, and sense of self. Using evidence-based techniques, I help you build self-trust, resilience, and confidence while supporting healing and creating more balance in your life. In sessions, you can expect a safe environment where you’ll be heard, gently challenged, and encouraged to practice new ways of thinking, feeling, and relating.
I provide a calm and supportive space where you can explore your story with curiosity and compassion. Together, we’ll examine how past experiences influence your emotions, relationships, and sense of self. Using evidence-based techniques, I help you build self-trust, resilience, and confidence while supporting healing and creating more balance in your life. In sessions, you can expect a safe environment where you’ll be heard, gently challenged, and encouraged to practice new ways of thinking, feeling, and relating.
(267) 863-8580 View (267) 863-8580
Photo of Emily Marziani, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Emily Marziani
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Welcome! I hope you and I can work together. I believe therapy should be a collaborative process and finding the right fit is not always easy! I work in an anti-oppressive and anti-racist practice and prioritize creating a safe and affirming space for you to process and heal.
Welcome! I hope you and I can work together. I believe therapy should be a collaborative process and finding the right fit is not always easy! I work in an anti-oppressive and anti-racist practice and prioritize creating a safe and affirming space for you to process and heal.
(267) 551-6814 View (267) 551-6814
Photo of Derek Pendleton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, BCD
Derek Pendleton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, BCD
Serves Area
Overwhelming worry and stress seem to follow you everywhere. You struggle to maintain focus, make decisions, and let go of things. Constant overthinking depletes your energy, leaving you irritable, restless, and on edge. The more this persists, the more dejected and hopeless you feel about it ever changing. You have tried coping on your own, but solutions that used to work no longer seem to help. You dream of a happier life – free from worry, present in the moment, and optimistic about the future – and wonder if it is possible. I know what these struggles are like, and I can help you restore hope in yourself.
Overwhelming worry and stress seem to follow you everywhere. You struggle to maintain focus, make decisions, and let go of things. Constant overthinking depletes your energy, leaving you irritable, restless, and on edge. The more this persists, the more dejected and hopeless you feel about it ever changing. You have tried coping on your own, but solutions that used to work no longer seem to help. You dream of a happier life – free from worry, present in the moment, and optimistic about the future – and wonder if it is possible. I know what these struggles are like, and I can help you restore hope in yourself.
(267) 428-3650 View (267) 428-3650
Photo of Nicolle Tagert, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Nicolle Tagert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Day openings currently available for individual therapy. You’ve spent so much time caring for everyone else that somewhere along the way, you lost sight of yourself. Whether you’re an emerging adult, young adult trying to find your footing in the world or a parent adjusting to an empty nest, it can be hard to know who you are when the roles and relationships around you are shifting. Maybe there is an empty feeling, or an on-going depression or anxiety that you're tired of. My work centers on helping clients reconnect with their sense of self, heal from past trauma, and develop more authentic, balanced relationships.
Day openings currently available for individual therapy. You’ve spent so much time caring for everyone else that somewhere along the way, you lost sight of yourself. Whether you’re an emerging adult, young adult trying to find your footing in the world or a parent adjusting to an empty nest, it can be hard to know who you are when the roles and relationships around you are shifting. Maybe there is an empty feeling, or an on-going depression or anxiety that you're tired of. My work centers on helping clients reconnect with their sense of self, heal from past trauma, and develop more authentic, balanced relationships.
(267) 903-7116 View (267) 903-7116

See more therapy options for Hatfield

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hatfield, PA

20+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Hatfield, PA who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
73% Family Conflict
69% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
65% Highmark

How Therapists in Hatfield, PA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
23% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hatfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.