Therapists in Center City, PA

Photo of Amelia Garcia-Baumgardner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Amelia Garcia-Baumgardner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that therapy is a healing space. A space that allows us, when ready and prepared, to explore patterns and acquire insights about ourselves. I can support you to obtain your goals, in a way that you can healthy process the challenges that come along with it. And in the treatment find new ways to address them when you are feeling “stuck”.
I believe that therapy is a healing space. A space that allows us, when ready and prepared, to explore patterns and acquire insights about ourselves. I can support you to obtain your goals, in a way that you can healthy process the challenges that come along with it. And in the treatment find new ways to address them when you are feeling “stuck”.
(267) 609-8963 View (267) 609-8963
Photo of Stephanie Willems, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSC
Stephanie Willems
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Life has its ups and downs, and sometimes it feels like you’re searching for something—anything—that will pull you out of a difficult period. Whatever you’re going through that brought you to the moment of seeking therapy, I hope you find a place of healing, restoration, and comfort. My goal is to provide a safe space in supporting you in your journey of how to move forward.
Life has its ups and downs, and sometimes it feels like you’re searching for something—anything—that will pull you out of a difficult period. Whatever you’re going through that brought you to the moment of seeking therapy, I hope you find a place of healing, restoration, and comfort. My goal is to provide a safe space in supporting you in your journey of how to move forward.
(609) 542-2437 View (609) 542-2437
Photo of Isaac Kitching, Counselor, LAPC
Isaac Kitching
Counselor, LAPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe everyone has the potential to be who they want to be, but life, especially in today's chaotic world, can be messy. Political stress, injustice, and uncertainty can feel unmanageable. I offer a safe, supportive space to help you move toward your goals. As a cis queer man from the evangelical South, I understand the intersectionality of power and privilege affecting marginalized identities. My approach is active and engaged, using humor and metaphor. Rooted in social justice, I recognize power dynamics can also be at play in the therapy room. I believe in equality for everyone but recognize society doesn't reflect this.
I believe everyone has the potential to be who they want to be, but life, especially in today's chaotic world, can be messy. Political stress, injustice, and uncertainty can feel unmanageable. I offer a safe, supportive space to help you move toward your goals. As a cis queer man from the evangelical South, I understand the intersectionality of power and privilege affecting marginalized identities. My approach is active and engaged, using humor and metaphor. Rooted in social justice, I recognize power dynamics can also be at play in the therapy room. I believe in equality for everyone but recognize society doesn't reflect this.
(267) 361-0368 View (267) 361-0368
Photo of Stacy Shuchter-Gomez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Stacy Shuchter-Gomez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Feeling overwhelmed, alone, stressed, sad or worried? I offer support as we work through feelings of anxiety, depression, isolation, and stress related to work, life changes, loss, transitions, identity, health challenges, family and relationship issues. With a warm, empathetic, inclusive approach, you will feel supported as we navigate the challenges in relationships (colleagues, friends, marriage, significant others, family) as well as from caregiving responsibilities (to children, spouse, and aging parents.) I work with individuals, couples, gender, ethnic, LGBTQ and racially diverse clients.
Feeling overwhelmed, alone, stressed, sad or worried? I offer support as we work through feelings of anxiety, depression, isolation, and stress related to work, life changes, loss, transitions, identity, health challenges, family and relationship issues. With a warm, empathetic, inclusive approach, you will feel supported as we navigate the challenges in relationships (colleagues, friends, marriage, significant others, family) as well as from caregiving responsibilities (to children, spouse, and aging parents.) I work with individuals, couples, gender, ethnic, LGBTQ and racially diverse clients.
(484) 255-8044 View (484) 255-8044

More Therapists Nearby

Arielle Perry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
We all have times when we struggle and need support. This can be for a variety of reasons such as grief/loss, relationship stress, family issues, mental illness, substance abuse, trauma, domestic violence. You may feel like no one understands or can help. You may have tried counseling before and think it will never work. But if you find yourself still searching, still struggling, trying to find peace in your life I want you to know there is hope. You deserve peace. You deserve to find a way out of the pain. You deserve to be happy and live a joyful life. You do not have to do this alone I am here to help.
We all have times when we struggle and need support. This can be for a variety of reasons such as grief/loss, relationship stress, family issues, mental illness, substance abuse, trauma, domestic violence. You may feel like no one understands or can help. You may have tried counseling before and think it will never work. But if you find yourself still searching, still struggling, trying to find peace in your life I want you to know there is hope. You deserve peace. You deserve to find a way out of the pain. You deserve to be happy and live a joyful life. You do not have to do this alone I am here to help.
(570) 520-3420 View (570) 520-3420
Photo of Dr. Brian J. Schurr - Central Keystone Counseling, LLC, Psychologist
Central Keystone Counseling is a therapy practice with easily accessible office space in downtown Williamsport, PA. We provide both in person and secure TeleHealth services. The practice is owned and operated by licensed psychologists, Dr. Brian Schurr and Dr. Kelly Kettlewell who have over 15 years of experience providing high quality and individualized outpatient services. We are proud to have a talented team of clinicians with varied clinical experiences/expertise making us uniquely equipped to address a variety of presenting concerns.
Central Keystone Counseling is a therapy practice with easily accessible office space in downtown Williamsport, PA. We provide both in person and secure TeleHealth services. The practice is owned and operated by licensed psychologists, Dr. Brian Schurr and Dr. Kelly Kettlewell who have over 15 years of experience providing high quality and individualized outpatient services. We are proud to have a talented team of clinicians with varied clinical experiences/expertise making us uniquely equipped to address a variety of presenting concerns.
(570) 601-4788 View (570) 601-4788
Photo of Dr. Ashley Hershberger, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC NCC, CTRS
Dr. Ashley Hershberger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC NCC, CTRS
Avis, PA 17721
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a focus in Clinical and Mental Health Counseling. I enjoy working with a wide age range of clients. As a therapist I take a holistic approach to counseling, focusing on mind-body connection, building self-esteem, building healthy expressions, and overall growth of mental health. I am also a CTRS who enjoys working on the effects of recreation for building healthy lifestyles. I completed my Ph.D. in Counselor Education and Supervision in 2023. I completed my master's degree in Clinical and Mental Health Counseling in 2016 and a bachelor's degree in Recreation Management.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a focus in Clinical and Mental Health Counseling. I enjoy working with a wide age range of clients. As a therapist I take a holistic approach to counseling, focusing on mind-body connection, building self-esteem, building healthy expressions, and overall growth of mental health. I am also a CTRS who enjoys working on the effects of recreation for building healthy lifestyles. I completed my Ph.D. in Counselor Education and Supervision in 2023. I completed my master's degree in Clinical and Mental Health Counseling in 2016 and a bachelor's degree in Recreation Management.
(814) 826-4052 View (814) 826-4052
Photo of Kyle Galer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kyle Galer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to helping clients navigate life’s challenges to reach their goals. I view the therapeutic process as a unique journey we take together — exploring your strengths, addressing obstacles, and uncovering new possibilities. No two paths are the same, and I am committed to walking alongside you to chart a course that supports your personal growth.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to helping clients navigate life’s challenges to reach their goals. I view the therapeutic process as a unique journey we take together — exploring your strengths, addressing obstacles, and uncovering new possibilities. No two paths are the same, and I am committed to walking alongside you to chart a course that supports your personal growth.
(717) 923-5202 View (717) 923-5202
Photo of Ashley Smith Nicholas, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, MS, NCC
Ashley Smith Nicholas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, MS, NCC
Williamsport, PA 17701
One of the greatest honors I have in life is to walk with those who are struggling with emotional pain and trauma. I have dedicated my life to helping others, advocating through systems, and empowering individuals to build confidence in order to create positive change. If you or your children are struggling with trauma, overwhelming stress, parenting, grief and loss, or other matters that are interfering with your daily functioning, I commend you for taking the first step in living a more balanced, happier life. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who holds a MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and a MEd in Adult Education.
One of the greatest honors I have in life is to walk with those who are struggling with emotional pain and trauma. I have dedicated my life to helping others, advocating through systems, and empowering individuals to build confidence in order to create positive change. If you or your children are struggling with trauma, overwhelming stress, parenting, grief and loss, or other matters that are interfering with your daily functioning, I commend you for taking the first step in living a more balanced, happier life. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who holds a MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and a MEd in Adult Education.
(272) 207-3108 View (272) 207-3108
Photo of Stephanie Rushton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Stephanie Rushton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Milton, PA 17847
I’m a behavioral health therapist committed to helping children, adolescents and adults learn how to overcome challenging thoughts, feelings, physical sensations, and/or experiences. My work focuses on partnering with you to take steps towards what is meaningful and valuable to you and your family, the way you want your life to look, and the person you want to be. I believe in continuous growth and development, everyone has value, and everyone has a reservoir of strength to draw from.
I’m a behavioral health therapist committed to helping children, adolescents and adults learn how to overcome challenging thoughts, feelings, physical sensations, and/or experiences. My work focuses on partnering with you to take steps towards what is meaningful and valuable to you and your family, the way you want your life to look, and the person you want to be. I believe in continuous growth and development, everyone has value, and everyone has a reservoir of strength to draw from.
(570) 206-8155 View (570) 206-8155
Photo of Richard J Dante, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Richard J Dante
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Lewisburg, PA 17837
There is no one size fits all approach to therapy. Your story is unique and your treatment should reflect that. My goal is to work with you in finding tools, creating skills, and developing techniques that will allow you to deal with whatever personal or relationship struggles you feel have brought life out of balance. Whether considering new perspectives, gaining insight, or working through daily stressors, you are the expert of your own life. We all struggle with balancing the weight of the day-to-day; I'm just here to help you lighten the load.
There is no one size fits all approach to therapy. Your story is unique and your treatment should reflect that. My goal is to work with you in finding tools, creating skills, and developing techniques that will allow you to deal with whatever personal or relationship struggles you feel have brought life out of balance. Whether considering new perspectives, gaining insight, or working through daily stressors, you are the expert of your own life. We all struggle with balancing the weight of the day-to-day; I'm just here to help you lighten the load.
(570) 755-3231 View (570) 755-3231
Photo of Dr. Marina Shafran, Psychologist, PhD, LP, PSYPACT
Dr. Marina Shafran
Psychologist, PhD, LP, PSYPACT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Dr. Shafran brings over 15 years of experience, having worked in both university counseling settings and private practice with a wide range of individuals. With a strong focus on supporting college-aged students and older adults, she is passionate about helping others navigate life’s challenges while fostering personal growth, resilience, and self-discovery. Dr. Shafran strives to create a warm, supportive space where clients feel both heard and understood.
Dr. Shafran brings over 15 years of experience, having worked in both university counseling settings and private practice with a wide range of individuals. With a strong focus on supporting college-aged students and older adults, she is passionate about helping others navigate life’s challenges while fostering personal growth, resilience, and self-discovery. Dr. Shafran strives to create a warm, supportive space where clients feel both heard and understood.
(570) 755-4266 View (570) 755-4266
Photo of Dr. Sharon M Zaffarese-Dippold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Dr. Sharon M Zaffarese-Dippold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Welcome! I’m truly glad you’re here.Life can be challenging, and it’s completely normal to feel overwhelmed at times. As a licensed psychotherapist in New York and Pennsylvania with over 27 years of experience, I understand how difficult it can be to navigate your unique journey. I’m here to provide a safe and compassionate space where you can explore your the core of the feelings and find the support and resolution you need.
Welcome! I’m truly glad you’re here.Life can be challenging, and it’s completely normal to feel overwhelmed at times. As a licensed psychotherapist in New York and Pennsylvania with over 27 years of experience, I understand how difficult it can be to navigate your unique journey. I’m here to provide a safe and compassionate space where you can explore your the core of the feelings and find the support and resolution you need.
View
Photo of Doug Richard - EFT Couple Intensives with Doug Richard, C-EFCT, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, C-EFCT, AAMFT-S, C-EFT, NATC
EFT Couple Intensives with Doug Richard, C-EFCT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, C-EFCT, AAMFT-S, C-EFT, NATC
1 Endorsed
Mifflinburg, PA 17844
Repair the bond that matters most. Our 3-day Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) Intensives help motivated partners make six months of progress in just three transformational days. I’m Doug Richard, MA, LMFT, Certified EFCT Therapist, AAMFT Approved Supervisor, and Certified Narcissistic Abuse Treatment Clinician (NATC). Since 2017, my wife Morgan Richard (MA, LMFT, C-EFCT, AAMFT-S) and I have guided couples through structured, evidence-based, attachment-focused, systemic intensives, and have healed attachment injuries, interrupted negative cycles, and restored safety, trust, and intimacy to hundreds of relationships.
Repair the bond that matters most. Our 3-day Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) Intensives help motivated partners make six months of progress in just three transformational days. I’m Doug Richard, MA, LMFT, Certified EFCT Therapist, AAMFT Approved Supervisor, and Certified Narcissistic Abuse Treatment Clinician (NATC). Since 2017, my wife Morgan Richard (MA, LMFT, C-EFCT, AAMFT-S) and I have guided couples through structured, evidence-based, attachment-focused, systemic intensives, and have healed attachment injuries, interrupted negative cycles, and restored safety, trust, and intimacy to hundreds of relationships.
(570) 884-4662 x1 View (570) 884-4662 x1
Photo of Cindy Pilcher, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, CSTIP, LPC
Cindy Pilcher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, CSTIP, LPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you someone who looks “high functioning” on the outside, but internally feels anxious, overwhelmed, or easily triggered in close relationships? Maybe you’re stuck in painful patterns—overthinking texts, people-pleasing, shutting down during conflict, feeling too much or not enough—and you’re tired of repeating the same cycles. Therapy can help you feel emotionally safe, understand what’s underneath your reactions, and build tools for communication, boundaries, and self-trust—so you can heal attachment wounds, strengthen self-esteem, and create healthier relationships, starting with yourself.
Are you someone who looks “high functioning” on the outside, but internally feels anxious, overwhelmed, or easily triggered in close relationships? Maybe you’re stuck in painful patterns—overthinking texts, people-pleasing, shutting down during conflict, feeling too much or not enough—and you’re tired of repeating the same cycles. Therapy can help you feel emotionally safe, understand what’s underneath your reactions, and build tools for communication, boundaries, and self-trust—so you can heal attachment wounds, strengthen self-esteem, and create healthier relationships, starting with yourself.
(272) 385-0498 View (272) 385-0498
Photo of Venessa Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Venessa Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I aim to help clients improve overall functioning and increase their ability to better navigate and manage thoughts, feelings and needs in an effective way. As a woman of color, I have been afforded unique opportunities growing up in Central Pennsylvania. While consistently celebrating my own cultural identity, I have also been exposed to a variety of other cultures and enriching experiences. I hope to utilize my own experiences and therapeutic approaches to assist others in feeling emotionally and mentally stable and secure as they progress through the therapeutic process.
I aim to help clients improve overall functioning and increase their ability to better navigate and manage thoughts, feelings and needs in an effective way. As a woman of color, I have been afforded unique opportunities growing up in Central Pennsylvania. While consistently celebrating my own cultural identity, I have also been exposed to a variety of other cultures and enriching experiences. I hope to utilize my own experiences and therapeutic approaches to assist others in feeling emotionally and mentally stable and secure as they progress through the therapeutic process.
(570) 865-7920 View (570) 865-7920
Photo of Peg Pullan, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Peg Pullan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Serves Area
I offer a judgment free environment where you can safely talk about everyday problems that can sometimes feel overwhelming. Whether new to therapy, or seeking a new set of ears, my goal is to help you feel comfortable, understood and to get you moving forward. I am direct and interactive, so you will get plenty of feedback.
I offer a judgment free environment where you can safely talk about everyday problems that can sometimes feel overwhelming. Whether new to therapy, or seeking a new set of ears, my goal is to help you feel comfortable, understood and to get you moving forward. I am direct and interactive, so you will get plenty of feedback.
(215) 839-3126 View (215) 839-3126
Photo of Pamela R Wollet - Integrative Counseling and Wellness, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CIHC
Integrative Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CIHC
1 Endorsed
Williamsport, PA 17701
I find so much peace and balance in the forest, whether it's meditating as I Iisten to the wind in the trees or variations of birdsong, sitting by a mountain stream, witnessing a waterfall, or even grounding my feet into the earth. In spending time with you, my hope is that in our sessions together, that you too, can experience a form of peace and balance to help you on your journey towards wellness. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified International Health Coach I provide both mental health therapy and health coaching services to adults and teens where we believe in the transformative power of integrative wellness.
I find so much peace and balance in the forest, whether it's meditating as I Iisten to the wind in the trees or variations of birdsong, sitting by a mountain stream, witnessing a waterfall, or even grounding my feet into the earth. In spending time with you, my hope is that in our sessions together, that you too, can experience a form of peace and balance to help you on your journey towards wellness. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified International Health Coach I provide both mental health therapy and health coaching services to adults and teens where we believe in the transformative power of integrative wellness.
(272) 422-0996 View (272) 422-0996
Photo of Tricia Lynne Steele, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Tricia Lynne Steele
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Williamsport, PA 17701
" We all face challenges and could use extra support at times. It is my life's purpose and passion to help others live meaningful and Joy-filled lives. Together, let's explore the mental, emotional and behavioral patterns that are interfering with your ability to maintain harmony within yourself and in your relationships with others." Tricia offers guidance and support through life's many transitions, and has extensive training as both a motivational and interpersonal psychotherapist. WIth specialties in maternal mental health and eating disorders
" We all face challenges and could use extra support at times. It is my life's purpose and passion to help others live meaningful and Joy-filled lives. Together, let's explore the mental, emotional and behavioral patterns that are interfering with your ability to maintain harmony within yourself and in your relationships with others." Tricia offers guidance and support through life's many transitions, and has extensive training as both a motivational and interpersonal psychotherapist. WIth specialties in maternal mental health and eating disorders
(570) 846-2032 View (570) 846-2032
Photo of Barbara Ann Paul, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Barbara Ann Paul
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Lewisburg, PA 17837
I strive to create an environment that centers around acceptance and one free of judgment. Compassion is a primary element within my approach. Not only will you experience it from me as your therapist, but you will learn ways in how to achieve it towards yourself. It is here where I believe you can open yourself up towards growth. A sense of safety and security is not only a requirement with your clinician, but it is also vital to achieve within yourself.
I strive to create an environment that centers around acceptance and one free of judgment. Compassion is a primary element within my approach. Not only will you experience it from me as your therapist, but you will learn ways in how to achieve it towards yourself. It is here where I believe you can open yourself up towards growth. A sense of safety and security is not only a requirement with your clinician, but it is also vital to achieve within yourself.
(570) 659-6881 View (570) 659-6881

See more therapy options for Center City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Center City, PA

< 10

Therapists in Center City, PA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Trauma and PTSD
75% Relationship Issues
75% Other
75% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Carelon Behavioral Health

How Therapists in Center City, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Center City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.