Therapists in Bradfordwoods, PA

Photo of Julia Bozzone, Associate Professional Counselor, LAPC, NCC, MA
Julia Bozzone
Associate Professional Counselor, LAPC, NCC, MA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling anxious, stuck, or overwhelmed by life changes, relationship stress, or constant self-doubt? You may be trying to hold it all together—but inside, you're exhausted. You don’t have to do it alone. I work with individuals navigating anxiety, trauma, and life transitions who are ready to feel more in control, confident, and grounded.
Are you feeling anxious, stuck, or overwhelmed by life changes, relationship stress, or constant self-doubt? You may be trying to hold it all together—but inside, you're exhausted. You don’t have to do it alone. I work with individuals navigating anxiety, trauma, and life transitions who are ready to feel more in control, confident, and grounded.
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Photo of Samantha L Motto, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Samantha L Motto
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe the help you receive is most effective when you have a strong therapeutic relationship with your therapist. I am a versatile and compassionate Licensed Professional Counselor with 3 years of post-grad experience in mental health counseling, specializing in trauma-informed care and cognitive behavioral therapy. I am dedicated to making sure my clients feel validated and heard while also challenging them to dig deeper into their emotions and understanding why people feel the way they feel. Perhaps you've had a negative experience with therapy before, let me change you mind!
I believe the help you receive is most effective when you have a strong therapeutic relationship with your therapist. I am a versatile and compassionate Licensed Professional Counselor with 3 years of post-grad experience in mental health counseling, specializing in trauma-informed care and cognitive behavioral therapy. I am dedicated to making sure my clients feel validated and heard while also challenging them to dig deeper into their emotions and understanding why people feel the way they feel. Perhaps you've had a negative experience with therapy before, let me change you mind!
(740) 847-1645 View (740) 847-1645
Photo of Emily Myhre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Emily Myhre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I help adults who feel overwhelmed by anxiety, grief, or low self-esteem and want to feel more confident, calm, and connected. You might be struggling with self-doubt, people-pleasing, or trying to find your footing during a major life change. You may be looking for support processing your emotions, making sense of what you’re going through, and learning practical ways to feel better—so you can show up more fully in your relationships, work, and daily life.
I help adults who feel overwhelmed by anxiety, grief, or low self-esteem and want to feel more confident, calm, and connected. You might be struggling with self-doubt, people-pleasing, or trying to find your footing during a major life change. You may be looking for support processing your emotions, making sense of what you’re going through, and learning practical ways to feel better—so you can show up more fully in your relationships, work, and daily life.
(610) 595-5491 View (610) 595-5491
Photo of Nicole Henning, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nicole Henning
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi there! My name is Nicole Henning. I’m a licensed professional counselor LPC out of the state of Pennsylvania. I have been practicing for about a decade now. I mainly work with adults 18 and above, and I enjoy focusing on cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical, behavioral therapy, humanistic approaches, person-centered, approaches, trauma, informed, care, approaches, and being able to apply psychodynamic approaches as well. I have a big passion for working with neuroscience and enjoy many trainings in this and being able to help people understand their brain health.
Hi there! My name is Nicole Henning. I’m a licensed professional counselor LPC out of the state of Pennsylvania. I have been practicing for about a decade now. I mainly work with adults 18 and above, and I enjoy focusing on cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical, behavioral therapy, humanistic approaches, person-centered, approaches, trauma, informed, care, approaches, and being able to apply psychodynamic approaches as well. I have a big passion for working with neuroscience and enjoy many trainings in this and being able to help people understand their brain health.
(267) 490-4336 View (267) 490-4336

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lauren Knepp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lauren Knepp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Hello, my name is Lauren Knepp, I am an LCSW and have been working with children and adolescents for over a decade. I have an easy-going and sensitive personality that will allow me to easily understand you and your child's concerns. I am a parent of two children, and I understand the stress and challenges that we must face daily, to be good caregivers. I look forward to meeting you and your child!
Hello, my name is Lauren Knepp, I am an LCSW and have been working with children and adolescents for over a decade. I have an easy-going and sensitive personality that will allow me to easily understand you and your child's concerns. I am a parent of two children, and I understand the stress and challenges that we must face daily, to be good caregivers. I look forward to meeting you and your child!
(272) 777-1838 View (272) 777-1838
Photo of Liz Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, Intern
Liz Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, Intern
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Maybe anxiety or chronic stress have your nervous system running on high alert leaving you exhausted and disconnected. Maybe past trauma shows up as tension, hypervigilance, or the urge to shut down when things get intense. You're managing—work, relationships, daily life—but you're not thriving. You sense your struggles aren't just "in your head" but live in your body, too. Whether it's burnout, depression, difficult relationships, or patterns you can't seem to shake, you're here because you want more than coping strategies. You're tired of just surviving—you want to actually feel different: grounded, present, connected, & whole.
Maybe anxiety or chronic stress have your nervous system running on high alert leaving you exhausted and disconnected. Maybe past trauma shows up as tension, hypervigilance, or the urge to shut down when things get intense. You're managing—work, relationships, daily life—but you're not thriving. You sense your struggles aren't just "in your head" but live in your body, too. Whether it's burnout, depression, difficult relationships, or patterns you can't seem to shake, you're here because you want more than coping strategies. You're tired of just surviving—you want to actually feel different: grounded, present, connected, & whole.
(412) 797-5691 View (412) 797-5691
Photo of Elana Manolis Gonzalez - A Wellness Place, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, OSW-C
A Wellness Place
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, OSW-C
1 Endorsed
Monroeville, PA 15146
After working 11 years in a local hospital and then providing home palliative services for 9 years, my strengths are working with those navigating illness and the healthcare system. There are many challenges related to illness, and every illness and person cope differently. My goal is to assist you through this process to help ensure that your needs are met based on where you are emotionally, mentally, physically, spiritually, and to improve quality of life.
After working 11 years in a local hospital and then providing home palliative services for 9 years, my strengths are working with those navigating illness and the healthcare system. There are many challenges related to illness, and every illness and person cope differently. My goal is to assist you through this process to help ensure that your needs are met based on where you are emotionally, mentally, physically, spiritually, and to improve quality of life.
(412) 223-8736 View (412) 223-8736
Photo of Sara Martz, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sara Martz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Sara! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes in providing trauma-informed therapy to adults and teens who reside in Pennsylvania. Most of my clients come to me because they're feeling stuck in the past or feel like they can't "get over" something terrible that happened to them. It seems like no matter what they do, they can't move on. They can see how their trauma is affecting their mood, self-esteem, anxiety, and even their relationships, but feel helpless to change it. If this sounds familiar, I might be able to help!
Hi there, I'm Sara! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes in providing trauma-informed therapy to adults and teens who reside in Pennsylvania. Most of my clients come to me because they're feeling stuck in the past or feel like they can't "get over" something terrible that happened to them. It seems like no matter what they do, they can't move on. They can see how their trauma is affecting their mood, self-esteem, anxiety, and even their relationships, but feel helpless to change it. If this sounds familiar, I might be able to help!
(484) 562-4956 View (484) 562-4956
Photo of Starlene Delp, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Starlene Delp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My name is Starlene but I prefer Star and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults mostly within the focus areas of depression, anxiety, stage of life transitions, and stress management, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with other coping skills gathered from DBT, Mindfulness, and EMDR to help my clients find what skills work best for their needs.
My name is Starlene but I prefer Star and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults mostly within the focus areas of depression, anxiety, stage of life transitions, and stress management, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with other coping skills gathered from DBT, Mindfulness, and EMDR to help my clients find what skills work best for their needs.
(267) 214-6602 View (267) 214-6602
Photo of Kimberly Nelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CT
Kimberly Nelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CT
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you grieving the loss of a loved one, exploring questions of race and identity, or navigating a major life transition? These experiences can feel overwhelming, and you may wonder if what you’re feeling is “normal.” Perhaps you find yourself thinking, “I should be grateful for what I have, but I just feel unable to cope.” You don’t have to go through this alone.
Are you grieving the loss of a loved one, exploring questions of race and identity, or navigating a major life transition? These experiences can feel overwhelming, and you may wonder if what you’re feeling is “normal.” Perhaps you find yourself thinking, “I should be grateful for what I have, but I just feel unable to cope.” You don’t have to go through this alone.
(267) 651-9910 View (267) 651-9910
Photo of Sarah Rosenberg, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sarah Rosenberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I don't want you to just feel better — I want you to get better. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, codependency, unhealthy boundaries, challenging family dynamics or the pressures and uncertainty of adulthood. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a new light, identifying the patterns that keep you feeling stuck and discovering ways to move forward. You will build skills that will help you navigate life with more ease and confidence. My clients describe me as warm, collaborative, down-to-Earth.
I don't want you to just feel better — I want you to get better. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, codependency, unhealthy boundaries, challenging family dynamics or the pressures and uncertainty of adulthood. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a new light, identifying the patterns that keep you feeling stuck and discovering ways to move forward. You will build skills that will help you navigate life with more ease and confidence. My clients describe me as warm, collaborative, down-to-Earth.
(610) 708-1567 View (610) 708-1567
Photo of Alexa Baily, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Alexa Baily
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that healing and growth occur within safe, secure relationships where the individual is seen and soothed. I utilize a variety modalities (rooted in person-centered therapy methods) to assist individuals heal past traumas and equip them with skills to develop into their true self. I view mental health treatment as a pilgrimage of self-discovery which enables the client to break the patterns of dysfunction & dysregulation that are the product of trying to cope with stressors. Our sessions will be a place for you to breathe, to be seen, & experience respect while we venture together towards wholeness and mental wellness.
I believe that healing and growth occur within safe, secure relationships where the individual is seen and soothed. I utilize a variety modalities (rooted in person-centered therapy methods) to assist individuals heal past traumas and equip them with skills to develop into their true self. I view mental health treatment as a pilgrimage of self-discovery which enables the client to break the patterns of dysfunction & dysregulation that are the product of trying to cope with stressors. Our sessions will be a place for you to breathe, to be seen, & experience respect while we venture together towards wholeness and mental wellness.
(878) 777-4621 View (878) 777-4621
Photo of Ben Shoch, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Ben Shoch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
I’m Ben, a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to helping people better understand themselves and find relief from emotional pain, stress, and self-doubt. My approach is compassionate and collaborative, blending person-centered therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, and experiential methods. I aim to create a space where you feel comfortable exploring your experiences and supported in making meaningful, lasting change.
I’m Ben, a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to helping people better understand themselves and find relief from emotional pain, stress, and self-doubt. My approach is compassionate and collaborative, blending person-centered therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, and experiential methods. I aim to create a space where you feel comfortable exploring your experiences and supported in making meaningful, lasting change.
(484) 715-1167 View (484) 715-1167
Photo of Brittany Flositz, Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC
Brittany Flositz
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Family building can be an incredibly difficult time for those struggling with fertility. The emotional rollercoaster of months and years of trying, countless exams, medications and procedures can be daunting. Many individuals even experience trauma from all the physically invasive procedures that occur with fertility treatment. Each month a pregnancy attempt fails you can experience grief, isolation, anger and fear that the dream of building a family won't be attainable. Those able to conceive also struggle with intense emotions during pregnancy and postpartum that can be overwhelming and hard for others to understand.
Family building can be an incredibly difficult time for those struggling with fertility. The emotional rollercoaster of months and years of trying, countless exams, medications and procedures can be daunting. Many individuals even experience trauma from all the physically invasive procedures that occur with fertility treatment. Each month a pregnancy attempt fails you can experience grief, isolation, anger and fear that the dream of building a family won't be attainable. Those able to conceive also struggle with intense emotions during pregnancy and postpartum that can be overwhelming and hard for others to understand.
(321) 218-5133 View (321) 218-5133
Photo of Melanie Gerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Gerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Are you looking for a safe space in which you can be understood and supported? If the answer is "yes", please read on... My name is Melanie. My strengths-based approach to therapy positions you as the expert in your own life. I welcome people struggling with mood disorders, trauma, grief/loss, complex medical conditions, and addiction disorders.
Are you looking for a safe space in which you can be understood and supported? If the answer is "yes", please read on... My name is Melanie. My strengths-based approach to therapy positions you as the expert in your own life. I welcome people struggling with mood disorders, trauma, grief/loss, complex medical conditions, and addiction disorders.
(814) 501-5780 View (814) 501-5780
Photo of Michael Moriarty, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Michael Moriarty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania with over 8 years of experience working with adults and adolescents on a wide range of mental health struggles related to anxiety, depression, self-esteem, substance abuse, relationship difficulties, and grief and trauma-related issues. My area of specialty is working with drug and alcohol addictions. I approach therapy from a client-centered, collaborative perspective, working alongside clients as they navigate their issues and gain greater insight into their own capacity for growth. I am also a nationally certified counselor.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania with over 8 years of experience working with adults and adolescents on a wide range of mental health struggles related to anxiety, depression, self-esteem, substance abuse, relationship difficulties, and grief and trauma-related issues. My area of specialty is working with drug and alcohol addictions. I approach therapy from a client-centered, collaborative perspective, working alongside clients as they navigate their issues and gain greater insight into their own capacity for growth. I am also a nationally certified counselor.
(412) 822-9927 View (412) 822-9927
Photo of Kate Byrd, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LAPC, NCC
Kate Byrd
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LAPC, NCC
Online Only
Kate specializes in career counseling and assessment, making her a fit for clients seeking to navigate professional transitions, enhance career satisfaction, or address work-related challenges. Her understanding of career development is complemented by her insightful approach, which is particularly valuable for college-aged students and professionals of any stage facing personal or occupational challenges. She is currently pursuing the NCDA-accredited Certified Career Counselor endorsement.
Kate specializes in career counseling and assessment, making her a fit for clients seeking to navigate professional transitions, enhance career satisfaction, or address work-related challenges. Her understanding of career development is complemented by her insightful approach, which is particularly valuable for college-aged students and professionals of any stage facing personal or occupational challenges. She is currently pursuing the NCDA-accredited Certified Career Counselor endorsement.
(724) 248-1628 View (724) 248-1628
Photo of Aubrey Hopping, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Aubrey Hopping
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe in the therapeutic process and I hope to provide a space for unconditional kindness, openness, and honesty in order to support you through anything you're bringing into therapy. I want to offer an authentic space where anyone can show up in a real way and acclimate to therapy in order to create a process that meets the needs of each and every person. I believe that the therapeutic process is co-created, I want to encourage you to practice personal empowerment and advocate for your own perspective and creativity as I guide in order for you to create awareness, insight, and healing in order to dig deeper versus feeling stuck
I believe in the therapeutic process and I hope to provide a space for unconditional kindness, openness, and honesty in order to support you through anything you're bringing into therapy. I want to offer an authentic space where anyone can show up in a real way and acclimate to therapy in order to create a process that meets the needs of each and every person. I believe that the therapeutic process is co-created, I want to encourage you to practice personal empowerment and advocate for your own perspective and creativity as I guide in order for you to create awareness, insight, and healing in order to dig deeper versus feeling stuck
(878) 333-9075 View (878) 333-9075
Photo of Jess Hauser, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, CAADC, CCTP
Jess Hauser
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, CAADC, CCTP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
If you've decided you're tired of feeling lost, alone, resigned to the same generational patterns of trauma and unhappiness you've watched your parents go through, it's time to get some support. I have extensive experience working with perfectionists and adult children of dysfunctional families who want to begin focusing on building a life aligned with their own values by dismantling old patterns. I'm here to walk with you as we collaboratively develop a clear pathway to where you want to be in your life. I use an eclectic approach, drawing from CBT, ACT, mindfulness, art therapy, parts work, and somatic experiencing to get there.
If you've decided you're tired of feeling lost, alone, resigned to the same generational patterns of trauma and unhappiness you've watched your parents go through, it's time to get some support. I have extensive experience working with perfectionists and adult children of dysfunctional families who want to begin focusing on building a life aligned with their own values by dismantling old patterns. I'm here to walk with you as we collaboratively develop a clear pathway to where you want to be in your life. I use an eclectic approach, drawing from CBT, ACT, mindfulness, art therapy, parts work, and somatic experiencing to get there.
(267) 601-4326 View (267) 601-4326
Photo of Rivka S Dattlo - Rivka S Dattlo | Makin Wellness Online Therapy, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Rivka S Dattlo | Makin Wellness Online Therapy
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
When life feels overwhelming, therapy can help you find your footing again. I help couples heal from disconnection, infidelity, and infertility, and support adults navigating anxiety, grief, job stress, or major life transitions. Whatever challenges you’re facing, you deserve a space centered on you—your story, your pace, and your goals. I work with adults and couples of all cultural backgrounds and identities through secure, online sessions. Many of the clients I support are navigating emotional pain, relationship tension, or feeling lost in the midst of a transition. You don’t have to navigate it alone.
When life feels overwhelming, therapy can help you find your footing again. I help couples heal from disconnection, infidelity, and infertility, and support adults navigating anxiety, grief, job stress, or major life transitions. Whatever challenges you’re facing, you deserve a space centered on you—your story, your pace, and your goals. I work with adults and couples of all cultural backgrounds and identities through secure, online sessions. Many of the clients I support are navigating emotional pain, relationship tension, or feeling lost in the midst of a transition. You don’t have to navigate it alone.
(412) 891-8820 View (412) 891-8820

See more therapy options for Bradfordwoods

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bradfordwoods, PA

< 10

Therapists in Bradfordwoods, PA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)
100% Codependency
100% Women's Issues
75% Relationship Issues
75% ADHD

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
75% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Bradfordwoods, PA see their clients

75% Online Only
25% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bradfordwoods?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.