Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Avigail Lev, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Avigail Lev
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
My approach is behavioral and goal oriented. I focus on identifying new coping strategies and changing behavioral patterns that damage relationships. I assist clients in identifying deeply held values and taking behavioral steps towards getting closer to these values. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral techniques to help clients who struggle with relationship problems, depression, anxiety, OCD, and mood disorders. I help clients identify particular core beliefs that act as barriers to values-based behavior and explore alternative coping behaviors to utilize when one's schemas are triggered in relationships. Particular methods I incorporate in treatment include mindfulness, cognitive defusion, exposure, and Nonviolent communication.
My approach is behavioral and goal oriented. I focus on identifying new coping strategies and changing behavioral patterns that damage relationships. I assist clients in identifying deeply held values and taking behavioral steps towards getting closer to these values. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral techniques to help clients who struggle with relationship problems, depression, anxiety, OCD, and mood disorders. I help clients identify particular core beliefs that act as barriers to values-based behavior and explore alternative coping behaviors to utilize when one's schemas are triggered in relationships. Particular methods I incorporate in treatment include mindfulness, cognitive defusion, exposure, and Nonviolent communication.
(415) 349-0855 View (415) 349-0855
Photo of Mary Kennedy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mary Kennedy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am a licensed psychotherapist who is deeply committed to supporting those whose lives have been impacted by alcohol or drugs. I am compassionate, practical, engaged and genuine. If you have struggled or are still struggling, I can help. If you are worried about someone who struggles, I can help. Even if you are unsure of what you may need, I can support you. I strive to develop meaningful therapeutic relationships that allow for understanding, grieving, healing and growth. Those who find help may be children, adult children, spouses, partners, parents, grandparents, couples, women or men.
I am a licensed psychotherapist who is deeply committed to supporting those whose lives have been impacted by alcohol or drugs. I am compassionate, practical, engaged and genuine. If you have struggled or are still struggling, I can help. If you are worried about someone who struggles, I can help. Even if you are unsure of what you may need, I can support you. I strive to develop meaningful therapeutic relationships that allow for understanding, grieving, healing and growth. Those who find help may be children, adult children, spouses, partners, parents, grandparents, couples, women or men.
(415) 689-1690 View (415) 689-1690
Photo of Jessica Foley, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jessica Foley
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP-CN
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
Dr. Jessica Foley is a board certified clinical neuropsychologist/diplomat of the American Academy of Neuropsychology, and licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California with approx. 20 years of experience conducting neuropsychological evaluation across the lifespan. She has many years of experience in conducting such evaluations in the context of neurologic (e.g., TBI, epilepsy, brain tumor, MS, movement disorders, neurodegenerative), neurodevelopmental (ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disability) and psychiatric factors interfering with academic, occupational, and other aspects of everyday functioning.
Dr. Jessica Foley is a board certified clinical neuropsychologist/diplomat of the American Academy of Neuropsychology, and licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California with approx. 20 years of experience conducting neuropsychological evaluation across the lifespan. She has many years of experience in conducting such evaluations in the context of neurologic (e.g., TBI, epilepsy, brain tumor, MS, movement disorders, neurodegenerative), neurodevelopmental (ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disability) and psychiatric factors interfering with academic, occupational, and other aspects of everyday functioning.
(628) 212-7955 View (628) 212-7955
Photo of Peggy Kwok, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Peggy Kwok
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I provide phone and online sessions, please contact me by emails. I have 16 years of experience working with individuals and couples. To me, therapy is a form of healing that helps us find balance and psychological flexibility through a therapeutic process. Whether it is learning more coping skills or arriving to a new insight about ourselves, it is a journey of understanding our lives better. Through that journey, we will learn WHEN and WHAT to let go or to keep. Exploring what serve us purpose now, even the negative behaviors, can help us understand our past, present and future.
I provide phone and online sessions, please contact me by emails. I have 16 years of experience working with individuals and couples. To me, therapy is a form of healing that helps us find balance and psychological flexibility through a therapeutic process. Whether it is learning more coping skills or arriving to a new insight about ourselves, it is a journey of understanding our lives better. Through that journey, we will learn WHEN and WHAT to let go or to keep. Exploring what serve us purpose now, even the negative behaviors, can help us understand our past, present and future.
(650) 727-5390 View (650) 727-5390
Photo of Jazmine Whisenant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jazmine Whisenant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
My passion has always been helping individuals through challenging times. I offer a safe space for participants to express themselves, explore concerns and learn new ways to cope with stressors. Whether you are grappling with with interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, grief, identity, or everyday stress, I’m here to meet you where you’re at with compassion, patience, laughter and zero judgment as we collaborate on your therapeutic goals. My practice is primarily psychodynamic, while incorporating elements of cognitive and behavioral therapies as needed to assist in restructuring self-defeating patterns.
My passion has always been helping individuals through challenging times. I offer a safe space for participants to express themselves, explore concerns and learn new ways to cope with stressors. Whether you are grappling with with interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, grief, identity, or everyday stress, I’m here to meet you where you’re at with compassion, patience, laughter and zero judgment as we collaborate on your therapeutic goals. My practice is primarily psychodynamic, while incorporating elements of cognitive and behavioral therapies as needed to assist in restructuring self-defeating patterns.
(510) 890-0629 View (510) 890-0629
Photo of Sarah Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Is that painful experience or worry stuck on repeat in your mind? Maybe it was a scary incident, negative comment, embarrassing moment or even a sports injury. Or maybe you're nervous AF about college or grad school exams, public speaking, or playing in your game. Regardless, you're tired of it bothering you so much. And you're fed up with it preventing you from doing what you want to do. But you're ready to feel calm. You're ready to perform well without questioning your self-worth. And most of all, you want to reclaim joy, move forward with confidence and feel like yourself again. I want to help you get there.
Is that painful experience or worry stuck on repeat in your mind? Maybe it was a scary incident, negative comment, embarrassing moment or even a sports injury. Or maybe you're nervous AF about college or grad school exams, public speaking, or playing in your game. Regardless, you're tired of it bothering you so much. And you're fed up with it preventing you from doing what you want to do. But you're ready to feel calm. You're ready to perform well without questioning your self-worth. And most of all, you want to reclaim joy, move forward with confidence and feel like yourself again. I want to help you get there.
(310) 692-7765 View (310) 692-7765
Photo of Robert A. Vargas, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Robert A. Vargas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Do you struggle with a negative inner critic that is affecting your work or personal relationships? Or are you going through a particularly difficult time in your life and your inner critic is much more noticeable and stressful? Would you like to feel more in control of your inner critic rather than it being in control of you? Are you ashamed of this aspect of yourself and silently struggle with it?
Do you struggle with a negative inner critic that is affecting your work or personal relationships? Or are you going through a particularly difficult time in your life and your inner critic is much more noticeable and stressful? Would you like to feel more in control of your inner critic rather than it being in control of you? Are you ashamed of this aspect of yourself and silently struggle with it?
(415) 498-1473 View (415) 498-1473
Photo of Peter Bradley, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Peter Bradley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have been a practicing psychologist since 1989 helping individuals and couples in emotional distress due to the common sources of adult unhappiness: divorce or romantic disappointment, family strife, alcohol or substance addiction, job stress, life transitions, chronic or life-threatening illness, and difficulties with aging. For couples I employ the Gottman approach to counseling, which is most useful for couples seeking to de-escalate arguments and/or recover from an affair. I also offer consulting and supervision services to psychotherapists and psychology students on a reduced fee basis.
I have been a practicing psychologist since 1989 helping individuals and couples in emotional distress due to the common sources of adult unhappiness: divorce or romantic disappointment, family strife, alcohol or substance addiction, job stress, life transitions, chronic or life-threatening illness, and difficulties with aging. For couples I employ the Gottman approach to counseling, which is most useful for couples seeking to de-escalate arguments and/or recover from an affair. I also offer consulting and supervision services to psychotherapists and psychology students on a reduced fee basis.
(415) 324-4254 View (415) 324-4254
Photo of Thomas Meade - Brown Therapy Center, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Thomas Meade - Brown Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Often, our past relationships leave us wounded. The story that we tell ourselves becomes permeated with negative thoughts, low self-worth, and shame. As these feelings manifest, we become anxious and depressed. Therapy can help us discover perspectives that create a new narrative, one in which we have different ways to manage our emotions and lead a more enjoyable life.
Often, our past relationships leave us wounded. The story that we tell ourselves becomes permeated with negative thoughts, low self-worth, and shame. As these feelings manifest, we become anxious and depressed. Therapy can help us discover perspectives that create a new narrative, one in which we have different ways to manage our emotions and lead a more enjoyable life.
(415) 326-9802 View (415) 326-9802
Photo of Andrea Dindinger, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrea Dindinger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Are you interested in growing and looking at your patterns and the wisdom behind them? Are you struggling with anxiety or depression in a relationship or with the anxiety of not being in a relationship? Are you willing to risk making changes in your life? Together we will understand the intelligence behind your patterns and help you shift into more conscious life choices. I am active, direct and passionate about supporting you as you mature into a healthier, happier and more fulfilled you.
Are you interested in growing and looking at your patterns and the wisdom behind them? Are you struggling with anxiety or depression in a relationship or with the anxiety of not being in a relationship? Are you willing to risk making changes in your life? Together we will understand the intelligence behind your patterns and help you shift into more conscious life choices. I am active, direct and passionate about supporting you as you mature into a healthier, happier and more fulfilled you.
(415) 236-3083 View (415) 236-3083
Photo of Sandrah Susan Henry, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sandrah Susan Henry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
I have over 40 years of experience helping people face challenges in their lives including loss, adoption related issues, addiction, relationships/couples, life threatening illness, chronic pain, anxiety, mood and bipolar disorder, PTSD, complex trauma, divorce, and other life transitions. I am a warm and caring therapist who is also able to be direct when needed. From the moment you enter my office I do all I can to provide a safe and comfortable environment for us to work collaboratively with whatever issues you are facing in your life today. You will always be treated with respect and compassion throughout our work together.
I have over 40 years of experience helping people face challenges in their lives including loss, adoption related issues, addiction, relationships/couples, life threatening illness, chronic pain, anxiety, mood and bipolar disorder, PTSD, complex trauma, divorce, and other life transitions. I am a warm and caring therapist who is also able to be direct when needed. From the moment you enter my office I do all I can to provide a safe and comfortable environment for us to work collaboratively with whatever issues you are facing in your life today. You will always be treated with respect and compassion throughout our work together.
(415) 687-0429 View (415) 687-0429
Photo of Brad Dolin, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Brad Dolin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94129  (Online Only)
Modern life can feel like a paradox. Surrounded by technology meant to bring connection, ease, and order to our lives, you may instead feel isolated, anxious, and overwhelmed. Bombarded by reminders about the value of purpose, meaning, and contentment, you may find yourself feeling disoriented, distracted, and insufficient. You are far from alone. There is a path toward feeling whole. And I encourage you to nourish the seed of hope that brought you to search for a therapist.
Modern life can feel like a paradox. Surrounded by technology meant to bring connection, ease, and order to our lives, you may instead feel isolated, anxious, and overwhelmed. Bombarded by reminders about the value of purpose, meaning, and contentment, you may find yourself feeling disoriented, distracted, and insufficient. You are far from alone. There is a path toward feeling whole. And I encourage you to nourish the seed of hope that brought you to search for a therapist.
(415) 761-4087 View (415) 761-4087
Photo of Scott Altamirano, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Scott Altamirano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help clients have happier and more fulfilling lives by overcoming their anxieties to create happy and healthy relationships. Let me help you learn to invest in yourself and your overall wellbeing through habit building, dating, socializing, and improving our overall self esteem!
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help clients have happier and more fulfilling lives by overcoming their anxieties to create happy and healthy relationships. Let me help you learn to invest in yourself and your overall wellbeing through habit building, dating, socializing, and improving our overall self esteem!
(682) 582-8683 View (682) 582-8683
Photo of David Laing, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
David Laing
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Helping clients heal from mental health issues like addiction, anger, depression, psychosis, anxiety, trauma, and relationship problems are incredibly rewarding. In the last 12 years, I have practiced in a wide variety of settings and have used many different modalities. I have incorporated boxing and adventure-based interventions to help clients heal from various disorders.
Helping clients heal from mental health issues like addiction, anger, depression, psychosis, anxiety, trauma, and relationship problems are incredibly rewarding. In the last 12 years, I have practiced in a wide variety of settings and have used many different modalities. I have incorporated boxing and adventure-based interventions to help clients heal from various disorders.
(213) 471-8583 View (213) 471-8583
Photo of Alkmini Hormovas, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alkmini Hormovas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
Not accepting new clients
I'm a licensed psychotherapist who specializes in helping people attain the relief, balance, satisfaction and joyful connection they crave. I believe the antidotes to stress and anxiety are attainable. I offer a therapeutic process consisting of curiosity, patience and non-judgement.
I'm a licensed psychotherapist who specializes in helping people attain the relief, balance, satisfaction and joyful connection they crave. I believe the antidotes to stress and anxiety are attainable. I offer a therapeutic process consisting of curiosity, patience and non-judgement.
(415) 534-6826 View (415) 534-6826
Photo of Kristen Krauel, LCSW, LPCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kristen Krauel, LCSW, LPCC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Difficult life events or trauma may have shaped your past, but you have the power to define your future. Let’s rewrite your story together, focusing on your innate strengths and building your capacity to create a fulfilling life. Together, we can make sense of overwhelming emotions, work through relationship challenges, and transform shame into self-esteem.
Difficult life events or trauma may have shaped your past, but you have the power to define your future. Let’s rewrite your story together, focusing on your innate strengths and building your capacity to create a fulfilling life. Together, we can make sense of overwhelming emotions, work through relationship challenges, and transform shame into self-esteem.
(415) 968-4128 View (415) 968-4128
Photo of Dov Golodner, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Dov Golodner
Counselor, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
The people I've been able to help most feel stuck and crave direction in recovering an assured sense of who they are and their potential. We are all creatures of adaptation and many of us learn early on to adjust to whatever the world asks of us. Accordingly, we may internalize the priorities of our parents, our peers, and our culture, agendas that don’t always serve our own interest.
The people I've been able to help most feel stuck and crave direction in recovering an assured sense of who they are and their potential. We are all creatures of adaptation and many of us learn early on to adjust to whatever the world asks of us. Accordingly, we may internalize the priorities of our parents, our peers, and our culture, agendas that don’t always serve our own interest.
(415) 818-1448 View (415) 818-1448
Photo of Sura Hertzberg, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
Sura Hertzberg
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Welcome! I am a Queer, culturally Jewish, sex-positive couples and individual therapist, and I am so glad you’ve made your way here. I find passion in guiding individuals, couples/polycules, and groups to deepen their emotional, physical, and spiritual intimacy. As I see it, you are the expert on your own life. My role is to collaborate with you as you deepen into self exploration. Sometimes it is helpful to have an outside perspective to help you see things in a new and reflective way.
Welcome! I am a Queer, culturally Jewish, sex-positive couples and individual therapist, and I am so glad you’ve made your way here. I find passion in guiding individuals, couples/polycules, and groups to deepen their emotional, physical, and spiritual intimacy. As I see it, you are the expert on your own life. My role is to collaborate with you as you deepen into self exploration. Sometimes it is helpful to have an outside perspective to help you see things in a new and reflective way.
(415) 630-6769 View (415) 630-6769
Photo of Vanessa Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Vanessa Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you experiencing issues related to stress, anxiety, depression, loss of identity, trauma, or lack of confidence? Are these issues causing you to neglect your own self-care, misuse substances, and/or isolate from family and friends? Do you need support with navigating personal or professional relationships? Are you exploring your sexual or gender identity? Managing a major life transition or preparing for one? These are the times when therapy can be helpful. We can work together to identify your goals, improve your quality of life, and develop a strong sense of self in the process.
Are you experiencing issues related to stress, anxiety, depression, loss of identity, trauma, or lack of confidence? Are these issues causing you to neglect your own self-care, misuse substances, and/or isolate from family and friends? Do you need support with navigating personal or professional relationships? Are you exploring your sexual or gender identity? Managing a major life transition or preparing for one? These are the times when therapy can be helpful. We can work together to identify your goals, improve your quality of life, and develop a strong sense of self in the process.
(415) 914-9354 View (415) 914-9354
Photo of Matthew Moreno, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Matthew Moreno
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
In addition to working extensively with anxiety issues, I specialize in helping clients improve their relationships with their partners/spouses. I wholeheartedly welcome both straight and LGBT clients into my practice. I often tell clients that everything makes perfect sense (ie. the problems they share and how they react), and all we need to do is find the right pieces of the puzzle to help them understand. It is from this understanding that relief and solutions arise. By truly understanding what anxiety is and isn't, we learn how to navigate it so it doesn't control our lives.
In addition to working extensively with anxiety issues, I specialize in helping clients improve their relationships with their partners/spouses. I wholeheartedly welcome both straight and LGBT clients into my practice. I often tell clients that everything makes perfect sense (ie. the problems they share and how they react), and all we need to do is find the right pieces of the puzzle to help them understand. It is from this understanding that relief and solutions arise. By truly understanding what anxiety is and isn't, we learn how to navigate it so it doesn't control our lives.
(415) 675-1848 View (415) 675-1848

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.