Therapists in Northwest Industrial, Portland, OR

Photo of Anna Schaum, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, TEP
Anna Schaum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, TEP
4 Endorsed
Northwest Industrial, Portland, OR 97210
You are a self aware, intelligent, generally high functioning person going through a period of unrest, confusion, transition, or other uncomfortable life experience. You know you'll make it through, but are seeking a skilled, compassionate ally to ease and speed the process. Maybe you've tried coaching or therapy before, but were frustrated by a lack of action, assertiveness, empathy, or engagement by the practitioner. Your family history isn't necessarily short on trauma, nevertheless you survived and even thrived. You sense that if you could just understand it all better life would improve, personally and professionally.
You are a self aware, intelligent, generally high functioning person going through a period of unrest, confusion, transition, or other uncomfortable life experience. You know you'll make it through, but are seeking a skilled, compassionate ally to ease and speed the process. Maybe you've tried coaching or therapy before, but were frustrated by a lack of action, assertiveness, empathy, or engagement by the practitioner. Your family history isn't necessarily short on trauma, nevertheless you survived and even thrived. You sense that if you could just understand it all better life would improve, personally and professionally.
(971) 236-4186 View (971) 236-4186
Photo of Jane M Sproul, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, MAC
Jane M Sproul
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, MAC
1 Endorsed
Northwest Industrial, Portland, OR 97210
I work with adults who want to improve their lives through talk therapy and by making small changes over time. I counsel individuals who are worried, down, stressed out at work, frazzled or eager to get support for a change. I like working with folks who have difficulty concentrating, are in recovery or who have dual-diagnoses. I also enjoy working with mothers, healthcare workers, women seeking support for separation/divorce or adults stepping down from a stay in inpatient care for addiction or mental illness.
I work with adults who want to improve their lives through talk therapy and by making small changes over time. I counsel individuals who are worried, down, stressed out at work, frazzled or eager to get support for a change. I like working with folks who have difficulty concentrating, are in recovery or who have dual-diagnoses. I also enjoy working with mothers, healthcare workers, women seeking support for separation/divorce or adults stepping down from a stay in inpatient care for addiction or mental illness.
(971) 370-2507 View (971) 370-2507
Photo of Dave J Ebaugh - Dave Ebaugh at Trauma Focused Therapy.com, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Dave Ebaugh at Trauma Focused Therapy.com
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
You’ve been hit hard by life. Your emotions are overwhelming at times. You’re frozen by indecision and self-doubt. You’re doing well in your career but you’re not being noticed or promoted because you can’t seem to make relationships work. You have trouble with trust and intimacy. You experience your world through the lens of negativity, hopelessness and pessimism. You know you’re childhood history of abuse, of being bullied or shamed has created the high degrees of anxiety you feel around people and fear of being judged. You know you need therapy though you know talking about your past has never helped, and yet you keep trying.
You’ve been hit hard by life. Your emotions are overwhelming at times. You’re frozen by indecision and self-doubt. You’re doing well in your career but you’re not being noticed or promoted because you can’t seem to make relationships work. You have trouble with trust and intimacy. You experience your world through the lens of negativity, hopelessness and pessimism. You know you’re childhood history of abuse, of being bullied or shamed has created the high degrees of anxiety you feel around people and fear of being judged. You know you need therapy though you know talking about your past has never helped, and yet you keep trying.
(503) 465-5277 View (503) 465-5277
Photo of Tobias Unterfranz, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Tobias Unterfranz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
I tend to thrive in crisis. Ideal with the toughest cases of trauma, shootings, cults abductions, and domestic violence. I have been able to help so many veterans as well over the past 12+ years in my positions with US Service Animals, Simple, Practice, Grow Therapy and other telehealth platforms. I was an early adopter of telehealth and I have seen it. Make such a difference for so many people because of the comfort that is brought by being able to open up in an environment you know is safe, your own home/space. I take a solutions focused and a client centered approach.
I tend to thrive in crisis. Ideal with the toughest cases of trauma, shootings, cults abductions, and domestic violence. I have been able to help so many veterans as well over the past 12+ years in my positions with US Service Animals, Simple, Practice, Grow Therapy and other telehealth platforms. I was an early adopter of telehealth and I have seen it. Make such a difference for so many people because of the comfort that is brought by being able to open up in an environment you know is safe, your own home/space. I take a solutions focused and a client centered approach.
(971) 451-2677 View (971) 451-2677
Photo of Heather Moon - Brightside Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Brightside Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Online Only
It gets much better from here. No matter what you're going through, our expert providers are here to help with online mental health care tailored to you. Brightside Health offers personalized psychiatry, proven therapy, or both to help you feel better. Get started right from home, with appointments in as little as 2 days.
It gets much better from here. No matter what you're going through, our expert providers are here to help with online mental health care tailored to you. Brightside Health offers personalized psychiatry, proven therapy, or both to help you feel better. Get started right from home, with appointments in as little as 2 days.
(971) 396-3232 View (971) 396-3232
Photo of LaShaun Garrett-Fears - Inner Works C.E.C, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC, LCMHC
Inner Works C.E.C, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC, LCMHC
Online Only
I am a therapist committed to helping individuals move through difficulty toward clarity, agency, and self-trust. I regard each person as the authority on their own life and collaborate to support purposeful change. My role is to provide a steady, respectful space where insight deepens, patterns shift, and healing unfolds at a pace aligned with your readiness and intentions.
I am a therapist committed to helping individuals move through difficulty toward clarity, agency, and self-trust. I regard each person as the authority on their own life and collaborate to support purposeful change. My role is to provide a steady, respectful space where insight deepens, patterns shift, and healing unfolds at a pace aligned with your readiness and intentions.
(971) 396-1830 View (971) 396-1830
Photo of Karina Elena Bavery, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Karina Elena Bavery
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Feeling stuck? I can help. I'm an LMFT licensed in California (LMFT121806), Texas (205156), Oregon (T2688), Utah (13707825-3902), North Carolina (20933), Idaho (10378), and Washington (70037979) offering online therapy that fits your life. Whether you're struggling with relationships, anxiety, or just feeling overwhelmed, I'll work with you to find solutions and develop strategies that bring lasting change
Feeling stuck? I can help. I'm an LMFT licensed in California (LMFT121806), Texas (205156), Oregon (T2688), Utah (13707825-3902), North Carolina (20933), Idaho (10378), and Washington (70037979) offering online therapy that fits your life. Whether you're struggling with relationships, anxiety, or just feeling overwhelmed, I'll work with you to find solutions and develop strategies that bring lasting change
(281) 609-6309 View (281) 609-6309
Wendy Bauman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADCI
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready to leave the past behind? I specialize in the treatment of adults with issues related to trauma/PTSD, mood and anxiety disorders, and addiction. Difficulties in these areas often contribute to relationship disturbances and problems at home, work, or school. After developing an understanding of your circumstances and challenges, together we will develop a treatment plan. Emphasis may be on reducing distress or addressing deeper patterns, trauma, or attachment issues. This may include learning skills, developing resources, gaining insight, or processing past events/memories.
Are you ready to leave the past behind? I specialize in the treatment of adults with issues related to trauma/PTSD, mood and anxiety disorders, and addiction. Difficulties in these areas often contribute to relationship disturbances and problems at home, work, or school. After developing an understanding of your circumstances and challenges, together we will develop a treatment plan. Emphasis may be on reducing distress or addressing deeper patterns, trauma, or attachment issues. This may include learning skills, developing resources, gaining insight, or processing past events/memories.
(503) 446-1015 View (503) 446-1015
Photo of Ashley Adler, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ashley Adler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I work with individuals and partners exploring relationships, intimacy, and desire, including those in non-traditional or evolving relationship structures. This includes monogamous and non-monogamous relationships, LGBTQ+ clients, and those navigating questions around sex, connection, and identity. I also support people who are considering ending a relationship, or moving through a breakup, and want to do so with care, clarity, and intention. Whether you’re deciding to stay, redefine your relationship, or separate, therapy can help you move through that process in a more conscious and supported way.
I work with individuals and partners exploring relationships, intimacy, and desire, including those in non-traditional or evolving relationship structures. This includes monogamous and non-monogamous relationships, LGBTQ+ clients, and those navigating questions around sex, connection, and identity. I also support people who are considering ending a relationship, or moving through a breakup, and want to do so with care, clarity, and intention. Whether you’re deciding to stay, redefine your relationship, or separate, therapy can help you move through that process in a more conscious and supported way.
(971) 298-7962 View (971) 298-7962
Photo of Jennifer Domingo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jennifer Domingo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am EMDR Certified, CIT, and licensed in the following states: Alaska (204448), California (50961), Florida (MT3608), Hawaii (MFT-767), Nevada (4289-R), New York (002386-01), Oregon (T2080), Texas (204008), Virginia (0717002026), and Washington (LF60618432). I am AAMFT Approved Supervisor and open for Clinical Supervision.
I am EMDR Certified, CIT, and licensed in the following states: Alaska (204448), California (50961), Florida (MT3608), Hawaii (MFT-767), Nevada (4289-R), New York (002386-01), Oregon (T2080), Texas (204008), Virginia (0717002026), and Washington (LF60618432). I am AAMFT Approved Supervisor and open for Clinical Supervision.
(916) 884-5649 View (916) 884-5649
Photo of Lacey Buckingham, Mental Health Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Lacey Buckingham
Mental Health Counselor, LPC, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with a wide variety of people and therapeutic issues, including: LGBTQIA2S+, neurodivergence, anxiety, PMDD/PME, grief & loss, mood concerns (including bipolar and depression), polyamory/ENM, healing from difficult childhoods and other traumas, helping others be kinder to themselves and develop a better relationship to their emotions, support navigating relational dynamics and communication difficulties, and unpacking oppression and privilege.
I work with a wide variety of people and therapeutic issues, including: LGBTQIA2S+, neurodivergence, anxiety, PMDD/PME, grief & loss, mood concerns (including bipolar and depression), polyamory/ENM, healing from difficult childhoods and other traumas, helping others be kinder to themselves and develop a better relationship to their emotions, support navigating relational dynamics and communication difficulties, and unpacking oppression and privilege.
(206) 488-0644 View (206) 488-0644
Photo of Kelli Crane, Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Kelli Crane
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can feel unbearably heavy when depression, anxiety, or past trauma take hold. You don’t have to carry it alone. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor trained in EMDR, IFS, and CBT, I help teens, women, and men find relief, restore self-worth, and build stronger relationships through compassionate, evidence-based care. Many of the patterns we developed as children stay with us into adulthood. Some enrich our personalities, while others keep us stuck in cycles of pain, self-doubt, or conflict.
Life can feel unbearably heavy when depression, anxiety, or past trauma take hold. You don’t have to carry it alone. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor trained in EMDR, IFS, and CBT, I help teens, women, and men find relief, restore self-worth, and build stronger relationships through compassionate, evidence-based care. Many of the patterns we developed as children stay with us into adulthood. Some enrich our personalities, while others keep us stuck in cycles of pain, self-doubt, or conflict.
(971) 715-2574 View (971) 715-2574
Photo of Aviv Avenatti - Roots for Resilience, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S
Roots for Resilience
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! I'm a neuroqueer, non-binary psychotherapist & songleader with over a decade of clinical experience with individuals and partners, with a focus on LGBTQ+ communities. I passionately support your work toward embodiment and liberation, and I am committed to helping you challenge & unpack shame and center ease and pleasure. I approach therapy with a warm, collaborative, and direct style, and make space for creativity in our work. I endeavor to help you 'zoom out' to examine the patterns that create obstacles your life. I am well-versed in the treatment of ADHD, mood and anxiety disorders, trauma and identity development.
Welcome! I'm a neuroqueer, non-binary psychotherapist & songleader with over a decade of clinical experience with individuals and partners, with a focus on LGBTQ+ communities. I passionately support your work toward embodiment and liberation, and I am committed to helping you challenge & unpack shame and center ease and pleasure. I approach therapy with a warm, collaborative, and direct style, and make space for creativity in our work. I endeavor to help you 'zoom out' to examine the patterns that create obstacles your life. I am well-versed in the treatment of ADHD, mood and anxiety disorders, trauma and identity development.
(408) 351-0508 View (408) 351-0508
Photo of Cassandra Avenatti - Heartland Healing Counseling & Consultation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMHC, MSW
Heartland Healing Counseling & Consultation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMHC, MSW
Online Only
Heartland Healing centers LGBTQ+ and other marginalized communities, working with motivated individuals to build insight, confront obstacles, and heal trauma to move toward self-actualization & joy. Our team of LBGTQ+ and allied therapists represent many identities & theoretical perspectives, and work from queer feminist and family systems frameworks. We value self-determination, holistic health, harm reduction, and disability & racial justice. Relationships are built through collaboration, creativity, and recognition of the environmental & cultural factors that impact clients' lives.
Heartland Healing centers LGBTQ+ and other marginalized communities, working with motivated individuals to build insight, confront obstacles, and heal trauma to move toward self-actualization & joy. Our team of LBGTQ+ and allied therapists represent many identities & theoretical perspectives, and work from queer feminist and family systems frameworks. We value self-determination, holistic health, harm reduction, and disability & racial justice. Relationships are built through collaboration, creativity, and recognition of the environmental & cultural factors that impact clients' lives.
(720) 961-2439 View (720) 961-2439
Photo of Dj Burr - DJ Burr - Addiction , Codependency, PTSD, Group , MA, LMHC, LPC
DJ Burr - Addiction , Codependency, PTSD, Group
Verified Verified
17 Endorsed
Online Only
I help men caught in cycles of compulsive sexual behavior and porn use break free from shame so they can rebuild trust with themselves and the people who matter most. If your secret life is bleeding into your real one - affecting your work, your relationship, or how you see yourself - you're not broken. You're stuck in a pattern that makes sense once you understand where it started. I work with men who are tired of white-knuckling it alone and ready for something that actually works. Suffering in silence is optional.
I help men caught in cycles of compulsive sexual behavior and porn use break free from shame so they can rebuild trust with themselves and the people who matter most. If your secret life is bleeding into your real one - affecting your work, your relationship, or how you see yourself - you're not broken. You're stuck in a pattern that makes sense once you understand where it started. I work with men who are tired of white-knuckling it alone and ready for something that actually works. Suffering in silence is optional.
(206) 278-2932 View (206) 278-2932

Online Therapists

Photo of Joseph Gianotti, Professional Counselor Associate , LPC
Joseph Gianotti
Professional Counselor Associate , LPC
Portland, OR 97214
Life can be full of stress, grief, and suffering, and as human beings, it can be challenging for us to navigate through all of the negative thoughts, emotions, and experiences that we encounter. Coming from a Humanistic and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy background, my approach to psychotherapy focuses on getting to know you and your unique experience so that we as a team can find better ways for you to live the life that you want to live. I believe that you are the expert of your own experience and I hope to create a space where you can authentically express yourself in a safe environment that is free of judgment.
Life can be full of stress, grief, and suffering, and as human beings, it can be challenging for us to navigate through all of the negative thoughts, emotions, and experiences that we encounter. Coming from a Humanistic and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy background, my approach to psychotherapy focuses on getting to know you and your unique experience so that we as a team can find better ways for you to live the life that you want to live. I believe that you are the expert of your own experience and I hope to create a space where you can authentically express yourself in a safe environment that is free of judgment.
(503) 966-4524 View (503) 966-4524
Photo of Erin L Cook, Psychologist, PsyD
Erin L Cook
Psychologist, PsyD
Portland, OR 97205
Immediate availability (within two weeks) for psychological assessment. I am currently accepting new clients for assessment. My psychological assessments are comprehensive and address the multifaceted aspects of each person I evaluate. Each assessment includes recommendations and individualized feedback. Testing can help to clarify treatment goals, improve therapeutic outcomes, increase self-awareness, and provide recommendations for accommodations at work and/or school.
Immediate availability (within two weeks) for psychological assessment. I am currently accepting new clients for assessment. My psychological assessments are comprehensive and address the multifaceted aspects of each person I evaluate. Each assessment includes recommendations and individualized feedback. Testing can help to clarify treatment goals, improve therapeutic outcomes, increase self-awareness, and provide recommendations for accommodations at work and/or school.
(971) 571-5396 View (971) 571-5396
Photo of Sandra Roskott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Sandra Roskott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Portland, OR 97233
Shaw Roskott is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2013 when she graduated from Portland State University Advanced Standing Program with a Master of Social Work degree, focusing on Gerontology and Women's Studies. After graduating from school, Shaw worked in Hospice as a Medical Social Worker, where she gained expertise in working with chronic and terminal illness, end of life care, issues around aging, cancer and chronic pain. Shaw believes in tailoring treatment approaches to each individual person, based on their own values, beliefs, struggles and goals.
Shaw Roskott is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2013 when she graduated from Portland State University Advanced Standing Program with a Master of Social Work degree, focusing on Gerontology and Women's Studies. After graduating from school, Shaw worked in Hospice as a Medical Social Worker, where she gained expertise in working with chronic and terminal illness, end of life care, issues around aging, cancer and chronic pain. Shaw believes in tailoring treatment approaches to each individual person, based on their own values, beliefs, struggles and goals.
(971) 800-2558 View (971) 800-2558
Photo of Jessica Lawrence, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jessica Lawrence
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Portland, OR 97232
I am a firm believer in the importance of a trauma informed and strengths based practice, and a dedicated advocate for harm reduction and accessible mental health treatment for all. My treatment approach is collaborative, and often uses a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and somatic therapy. I believe that we all have the potential for growth and change, and that our sense of wellbeing is directly impacted by both our individual experiences and by the systems in which we exist.
I am a firm believer in the importance of a trauma informed and strengths based practice, and a dedicated advocate for harm reduction and accessible mental health treatment for all. My treatment approach is collaborative, and often uses a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and somatic therapy. I believe that we all have the potential for growth and change, and that our sense of wellbeing is directly impacted by both our individual experiences and by the systems in which we exist.
(503) 783-8335 View (503) 783-8335
Photo of Jenna L. Steen, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Jenna L. Steen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
3 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97227
People come to therapy for all sorts of reasons. Perhaps you struggle with unwanted behavior patterns or difficulties in your relationships. Maybe you’re challenged by overwhelming emotions or struggle to know what you’re feeling at all. Or maybe you’re having trouble adjusting to new circumstances or making a big decision. These problems in living and many others may respond well to psychotherapy.
People come to therapy for all sorts of reasons. Perhaps you struggle with unwanted behavior patterns or difficulties in your relationships. Maybe you’re challenged by overwhelming emotions or struggle to know what you’re feeling at all. Or maybe you’re having trouble adjusting to new circumstances or making a big decision. These problems in living and many others may respond well to psychotherapy.
(512) 518-4765 View (512) 518-4765

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Northwest Industrial, Portland, OR

10+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Northwest Industrial, Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
80% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
80% Self Esteem
73% Grief
67% Women's Issues
60% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
55% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Northwest Industrial, Portland, OR see their clients

87% Online Only
13% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
15% Male
8% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Northwest Industrial, Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.