Therapists in Laurelhurst, Portland, OR

Photo of Bradley Carpenter, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, QMHP-R
Bradley Carpenter
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, QMHP-R
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
Feeling overwhelmed, emotionally reactive, or stuck in patterns of anxiety, ADHD symptoms, trauma, or relationship stress? You may notice racing thoughts, difficulty focusing, or conflict in relationships. Therapy can help you understand these patterns and develop practical tools for meaningful change. As a QMHP-Registered therapist and MSW candidate, I work with youth, adults, couples, and families experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, life transitions, and relationship challenges.
Feeling overwhelmed, emotionally reactive, or stuck in patterns of anxiety, ADHD symptoms, trauma, or relationship stress? You may notice racing thoughts, difficulty focusing, or conflict in relationships. Therapy can help you understand these patterns and develop practical tools for meaningful change. As a QMHP-Registered therapist and MSW candidate, I work with youth, adults, couples, and families experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, life transitions, and relationship challenges.
(503) 233-4543 View (503) 233-4543
Photo of Jessie Walder-Biesanz, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessie Walder-Biesanz
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
Are you navigating life transitions, mental health challenges, or looking for new ways to show up for yourself or those you love? Reaching out takes courage, and I’m honored to support you on your journey. I use an individualized, trauma-informed, solution-focused, and culturally sensitive approach. I value each client’s lived experience—including gender, sexuality, identity, culture, and family systems. While I am part of the LGBTQ+ community, my practice welcomes everyone: children, teens, adults, couples, and families seeking support with anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, relationships, or personal growth.
Are you navigating life transitions, mental health challenges, or looking for new ways to show up for yourself or those you love? Reaching out takes courage, and I’m honored to support you on your journey. I use an individualized, trauma-informed, solution-focused, and culturally sensitive approach. I value each client’s lived experience—including gender, sexuality, identity, culture, and family systems. While I am part of the LGBTQ+ community, my practice welcomes everyone: children, teens, adults, couples, and families seeking support with anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, relationships, or personal growth.
(971) 309-1297 View (971) 309-1297
Photo of Hanna Lyon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hanna Lyon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
I specialize in working with adults and teens as they navigate life transitions and stressors. My approach is warm, client centered, strengths based, and relational, with the intent to walk alongside a person during transition and change processes. My work facilitates a deepening understanding of self to support people in accepting who they are and knowing that they matter.
I specialize in working with adults and teens as they navigate life transitions and stressors. My approach is warm, client centered, strengths based, and relational, with the intent to walk alongside a person during transition and change processes. My work facilitates a deepening understanding of self to support people in accepting who they are and knowing that they matter.
(971) 314-4657 View (971) 314-4657
Photo of Jillian M Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, CHT
Jillian M Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, CHT
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
Why does this keep happening? Why can't I let this go? Why do I find myself in the same relationship over and over? Most of our personal challenges in life come from events in our early childhood or are passed down from trauma in our families. Theses things are challenging to heal or transform when we either don’t remember what they are or never knew to begin with. Even with events we do remember it can be hard to get to a place of transformation. That is why I work with modalities that get deep into the the unconscious so that change can take place on that deep level that is very challenging to get to with thinking and talking.
Why does this keep happening? Why can't I let this go? Why do I find myself in the same relationship over and over? Most of our personal challenges in life come from events in our early childhood or are passed down from trauma in our families. Theses things are challenging to heal or transform when we either don’t remember what they are or never knew to begin with. Even with events we do remember it can be hard to get to a place of transformation. That is why I work with modalities that get deep into the the unconscious so that change can take place on that deep level that is very challenging to get to with thinking and talking.
(971) 257-1422 View (971) 257-1422
Photo of Annie McConnell, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Annie McConnell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
I enjoy working with people of all different ages, abilities, identities, sexual orientations, and backgrounds. I incorporate equity and justice within my work. I especially enjoy working with people as they move through different life cycle stages and the ways that this might impact functioning or sense of identity. I have experience working with people living with anxiety, depression, experienced trauma, and navigating challenges within a complicated family system or relationship.
I enjoy working with people of all different ages, abilities, identities, sexual orientations, and backgrounds. I incorporate equity and justice within my work. I especially enjoy working with people as they move through different life cycle stages and the ways that this might impact functioning or sense of identity. I have experience working with people living with anxiety, depression, experienced trauma, and navigating challenges within a complicated family system or relationship.
(503) 832-5132 View (503) 832-5132
Photo of Daniela Helen Blum - Daniela Helen Blum, Maternal Mental Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Daniela Helen Blum, Maternal Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
I specialize in women's mental health with a strong focus on maternal emotional well-being. I have expertise in working with the perinatal population, especially women who struggle with fertility challenges, are navigating a high risk pregnancy, postpartum complications and/or NICU stays. My practice also specializes in parenting children with chronic illness, special needs and neurodiversity.
I specialize in women's mental health with a strong focus on maternal emotional well-being. I have expertise in working with the perinatal population, especially women who struggle with fertility challenges, are navigating a high risk pregnancy, postpartum complications and/or NICU stays. My practice also specializes in parenting children with chronic illness, special needs and neurodiversity.
(971) 365-3633 View (971) 365-3633
Photo of Mike Grant - Aid Station Performance Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC II
Aid Station Performance Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC II
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
Mike specializes in EMDR and Brainspotting therapy to help individuals and athletes overcome mental and emotional challenges that hinder growth and performance. Whether it’s fear, intrusive thoughts, feeling stuck, anxiety, avoidance, or frustration, I work with clients to uncover the root causes and break free from these barriers. I also support those dealing with trauma and addiction, guiding them toward healing and empowerment. Together, we can work to release what’s holding you back and unlock your full potential. With a focus on anchoring into the safety of our created therapeutic space, we can work towards you thriving again!
Mike specializes in EMDR and Brainspotting therapy to help individuals and athletes overcome mental and emotional challenges that hinder growth and performance. Whether it’s fear, intrusive thoughts, feeling stuck, anxiety, avoidance, or frustration, I work with clients to uncover the root causes and break free from these barriers. I also support those dealing with trauma and addiction, guiding them toward healing and empowerment. Together, we can work to release what’s holding you back and unlock your full potential. With a focus on anchoring into the safety of our created therapeutic space, we can work towards you thriving again!
(503) 782-9339 View (503) 782-9339
Photo of Katie E Azarow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Katie E Azarow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
I am passionate about helping others, and believe firmly that each of us holds the answers to our deepest questions and most significant struggles. I believe strongly in identifying what works for each client and tailoring therapy based upon such. I work with an array of issues, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, body image, life changes, adjustment, relational issues and past trauma.
I am passionate about helping others, and believe firmly that each of us holds the answers to our deepest questions and most significant struggles. I believe strongly in identifying what works for each client and tailoring therapy based upon such. I work with an array of issues, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, body image, life changes, adjustment, relational issues and past trauma.
(503) 966-3319 View (503) 966-3319
Photo of Sable Carrier, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Sable Carrier
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
Are you queer, transgender, or neurodivergent — and exhausted from walking into spaces where you have to explain, justify, or shrink yourself before anything useful can happen? You shouldn't have to do that here. I'm Sable Carrier, a trauma-informed therapist at Health Allies Counseling in Portland, Oregon. I specialize in LGBTQIA+ affirming care, transgender and gender-expansive support, trauma and PTSD, neurodivergent clients, and sex-positive therapy for adults throughout Oregon. I honor all identities, all relationship configurations, all of you. Call or text 971-270-0167.
Are you queer, transgender, or neurodivergent — and exhausted from walking into spaces where you have to explain, justify, or shrink yourself before anything useful can happen? You shouldn't have to do that here. I'm Sable Carrier, a trauma-informed therapist at Health Allies Counseling in Portland, Oregon. I specialize in LGBTQIA+ affirming care, transgender and gender-expansive support, trauma and PTSD, neurodivergent clients, and sex-positive therapy for adults throughout Oregon. I honor all identities, all relationship configurations, all of you. Call or text 971-270-0167.
(971) 468-2484 View (971) 468-2484
Photo of Erin Gerber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Erin Gerber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97213
I believe that we all do the best we can. I believe in the wisdom of the individual and the strength in each of us. I believe that there is power in our stories. I believe that we are stronger together. I believe we can change, do better and be better in our daily lives. I believe that small steps turn into big changes. I believe in being brave, finding your voice and believing in yourself. I believe that laughter is the best medicine and not taking ourselves too seriously. I focus on relationship first in all the work that I do. I focus on connection and the strengths of the individual to drive the work and the change.
I believe that we all do the best we can. I believe in the wisdom of the individual and the strength in each of us. I believe that there is power in our stories. I believe that we are stronger together. I believe we can change, do better and be better in our daily lives. I believe that small steps turn into big changes. I believe in being brave, finding your voice and believing in yourself. I believe that laughter is the best medicine and not taking ourselves too seriously. I focus on relationship first in all the work that I do. I focus on connection and the strengths of the individual to drive the work and the change.
(503) 461-1831 View (503) 461-1831
Photo of Grace Carter, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Grace Carter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
4 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
I offer in-person therapy in Portland for creatives and creative professionals experiencing anxiety, burnout, relationship challenges, and identity shifts. My approach is trauma-informed and integrates clinical training with 25 years as a multidisciplinary artist, supporting clients in building stronger boundaries and reclaiming space for their work and personal lives.
I offer in-person therapy in Portland for creatives and creative professionals experiencing anxiety, burnout, relationship challenges, and identity shifts. My approach is trauma-informed and integrates clinical training with 25 years as a multidisciplinary artist, supporting clients in building stronger boundaries and reclaiming space for their work and personal lives.
(503) 386-0932 View (503) 386-0932
Photo of Nora Harrington, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Nora Harrington
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
Despite the cultural fairy tales, we all know that sex and relationships can be very tough. Whether you are baffled by your single-hood, or feeling alienated from your sexuality, the work of intimacy can be impossible and essential at the same time. In spite of the challenge, I know we all have the capacity for connected, secure relationships and joyful sensuality. I've devoted my career to helping folks find connection to themselves and other people in their deepest yes. My therapy work is a good fit for issues like differential desire, low libido, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus, and long-term, unwanted singlehood.
Despite the cultural fairy tales, we all know that sex and relationships can be very tough. Whether you are baffled by your single-hood, or feeling alienated from your sexuality, the work of intimacy can be impossible and essential at the same time. In spite of the challenge, I know we all have the capacity for connected, secure relationships and joyful sensuality. I've devoted my career to helping folks find connection to themselves and other people in their deepest yes. My therapy work is a good fit for issues like differential desire, low libido, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus, and long-term, unwanted singlehood.
(971) 298-8769 View (971) 298-8769
Photo of Alex Perez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alex Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
I specialize in issues important to teenagers and young adults/families, including issues related to family dynamics, depression, anxiety, bipolar/schizophrenia, substance abuse concerns, transracial adoptions, grief, LGBTQ dynamics, racial identity, gender transitioning process, and abandonment trauma. My relational approach to therapy can help you gain awareness of your road blocks and provide you with the tools (skills/coping strategies) you have for your own growth.
I specialize in issues important to teenagers and young adults/families, including issues related to family dynamics, depression, anxiety, bipolar/schizophrenia, substance abuse concerns, transracial adoptions, grief, LGBTQ dynamics, racial identity, gender transitioning process, and abandonment trauma. My relational approach to therapy can help you gain awareness of your road blocks and provide you with the tools (skills/coping strategies) you have for your own growth.
(503) 433-8452 View (503) 433-8452
Photo of Gary Moran, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Gary Moran
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
Do you feel alone in your relationships, or are you having difficulty connecting with others at all? Are you wanting to live a life of meaning and purpose, but don't know how to find it? If you are wanting better connections with those around you, and want to step into living a whole, healthy life, you don't need to suffer. I'd love to work with you. I enjoy working with clients who are highly motivated to take a risk and make a change in their lives. (Note: I am best reached via email.)
Do you feel alone in your relationships, or are you having difficulty connecting with others at all? Are you wanting to live a life of meaning and purpose, but don't know how to find it? If you are wanting better connections with those around you, and want to step into living a whole, healthy life, you don't need to suffer. I'd love to work with you. I enjoy working with clients who are highly motivated to take a risk and make a change in their lives. (Note: I am best reached via email.)
(971) 314-4870 View (971) 314-4870
Photo of Colette Gordon, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Colette Gordon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97213
I believe that this world is hard, we get through it together, and therapy can help, even in these times. The heart of my work is providing politically informed relational talk therapy from a queer and trans perspective. I believe some of the most impactful therapy comes from talking about the things that are hardest to say. I'm here to talk about things like trauma, regrets, shame, fears, and that thing that may feel like it's not worth the time because you just can't figure out why it bothers you so much. What we uncover there could be a doorway to seeing and experiencing yourself, your relationships, and the world differently.
I believe that this world is hard, we get through it together, and therapy can help, even in these times. The heart of my work is providing politically informed relational talk therapy from a queer and trans perspective. I believe some of the most impactful therapy comes from talking about the things that are hardest to say. I'm here to talk about things like trauma, regrets, shame, fears, and that thing that may feel like it's not worth the time because you just can't figure out why it bothers you so much. What we uncover there could be a doorway to seeing and experiencing yourself, your relationships, and the world differently.
(503) 382-8593 View (503) 382-8593
Photo of Olivia Lin, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Olivia Lin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
Olivia采用了一种以客案为中心(Client-Center) 的整体方法,与个案想处且对个案经历的好奇心为 轴心,她尊重个人的生活体验,对创伤的敏感度,成长背景的 社经地位与文化影响,是她主要的 治疗方向。 她致力于探索个案期许能在生命中寻找的各个方向,并且提供客观而非批判性的治疗 环境。 她采用了所有系列的工具和阐明客户优点,她能与所有个人,夫妇或家庭成员合作,能充 分协助个人和团体系统性的成长道路!
Olivia采用了一种以客案为中心(Client-Center) 的整体方法,与个案想处且对个案经历的好奇心为 轴心,她尊重个人的生活体验,对创伤的敏感度,成长背景的 社经地位与文化影响,是她主要的 治疗方向。 她致力于探索个案期许能在生命中寻找的各个方向,并且提供客观而非批判性的治疗 环境。 她采用了所有系列的工具和阐明客户优点,她能与所有个人,夫妇或家庭成员合作,能充 分协助个人和团体系统性的成长道路!
(971) 265-8901 View (971) 265-8901
Photo of Jennie McCall, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, LIC- OR, & WA
Jennie McCall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, LIC- OR, & WA
2 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
My professional approach views each client through a biopsychosocial lens. Knowing that each individual is dynamic creates the need for an integrative approach. My approach is client centered and strength based. Integrating, EMDR, IFS, Lifespan Integration, Art Therapy, CBT, and Collaborative Problem Solving. Client centered therapy is focused on the therapeutic relationship and utilizing client’s strengths. From this platform, I adapt theraputically to meet the needs of each client and integrate art therapy directives into counseling sessions to help the client in attaining their goals.
My professional approach views each client through a biopsychosocial lens. Knowing that each individual is dynamic creates the need for an integrative approach. My approach is client centered and strength based. Integrating, EMDR, IFS, Lifespan Integration, Art Therapy, CBT, and Collaborative Problem Solving. Client centered therapy is focused on the therapeutic relationship and utilizing client’s strengths. From this platform, I adapt theraputically to meet the needs of each client and integrate art therapy directives into counseling sessions to help the client in attaining their goals.
(503) 451-3588 View (503) 451-3588
Photo of Paula Fitzgerald, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Paula Fitzgerald
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97232
When I first became a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist 20 years ago, our understanding of how past traumas and attachment wounds affected us in the present, and how to effectively treat trauma and attachment wounds was very minimal. Since that time, extensive research, studies, theories and practices have broadened our knowledge of trauma's impact on the mind and body and expanded the variety of tools and resources available to support therapists. I can honestly say I have never loved my work as a trauma/attachment-focused therapist more than I do right now.
When I first became a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist 20 years ago, our understanding of how past traumas and attachment wounds affected us in the present, and how to effectively treat trauma and attachment wounds was very minimal. Since that time, extensive research, studies, theories and practices have broadened our knowledge of trauma's impact on the mind and body and expanded the variety of tools and resources available to support therapists. I can honestly say I have never loved my work as a trauma/attachment-focused therapist more than I do right now.
(503) 476-9900 View (503) 476-9900
Photo of Leland St. Charles, Psychologist, PsyD
Leland St. Charles
Psychologist, PsyD
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
Is there a general sense of tension and unease that permeates your day-to-day life? Do you struggle with honoring your own needs and setting healthy boundaries? Maybe you’re feeling stuck or frozen. Is it scary and difficult to connect with others? Do you never feel quite good enough?
Is there a general sense of tension and unease that permeates your day-to-day life? Do you struggle with honoring your own needs and setting healthy boundaries? Maybe you’re feeling stuck or frozen. Is it scary and difficult to connect with others? Do you never feel quite good enough?
(503) 389-8850 View (503) 389-8850
Photo of Hannah Strong, Clinical Social Work Associate, CSWA
Hannah Strong
Clinical Social Work Associate, CSWA
Laurelhurst, Portland, OR 97214
Is your body holding something your words have not been able to reach — chronic pain that will not resolve, trauma that still shows up in your nervous system, or deeply ingrained patterns that keep returning no matter how much insight you have developed? I'm Hannah Strong, a Clinical Social Work Associate at Health Allies Counseling in Portland, Oregon. I specialize in somatic therapy, trauma, chronic pain, chronic illness, and disability support for adults throughout Oregon. I also work with minors. The body knows things. Let's listen to it together. Call or text 971-270-0167.
Is your body holding something your words have not been able to reach — chronic pain that will not resolve, trauma that still shows up in your nervous system, or deeply ingrained patterns that keep returning no matter how much insight you have developed? I'm Hannah Strong, a Clinical Social Work Associate at Health Allies Counseling in Portland, Oregon. I specialize in somatic therapy, trauma, chronic pain, chronic illness, and disability support for adults throughout Oregon. I also work with minors. The body knows things. Let's listen to it together. Call or text 971-270-0167.
(503) 683-8734 View (503) 683-8734

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Laurelhurst, Portland, OR

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Laurelhurst, Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Trauma and PTSD
76% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
71% Stress
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
57% Providence
50% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Laurelhurst, Portland, OR see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
30% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Laurelhurst, Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.