Therapists in Klamath Falls, OR

Photo of Dyer Snider, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Dyer Snider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
You might be dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges. You may feel stuck in patterns tied to childhood experiences, grief, or unresolved pain — or maybe you’re carrying the weight of generational trauma or high-functioning burnout. You want more than coping strategies — you want real healing, deep self-understanding, and emotional freedom. You’re not just looking to “feel better.” You’re ready for meaningful change and a stronger connection to yourself.
You might be dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges. You may feel stuck in patterns tied to childhood experiences, grief, or unresolved pain — or maybe you’re carrying the weight of generational trauma or high-functioning burnout. You want more than coping strategies — you want real healing, deep self-understanding, and emotional freedom. You’re not just looking to “feel better.” You’re ready for meaningful change and a stronger connection to yourself.
(458) 455-1725 View (458) 455-1725
Photo of Kimberly Sue Clark - Kim Clark Counseling, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS LMFT, CCHt, CADC I, EMDR
Kim Clark Counseling, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS LMFT, CCHt, CADC I, EMDR
3 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that healing is an attitude that is available to everyone and comes from within, which often needs coaxing and cultivating. Healing is not necessarily a state of perfect physical or mental health but is a range of positive adaptations that can be taught and learned. I use a person-centered approach, collaborating with my clients to work towards healing the whole person and improving their quality of life. I enjoy working with individuals, families, couples, adolescents, and children on a variety of different issues. I look forward to walking beside my clients with compassion and empathy, as they explore their own path.
I believe that healing is an attitude that is available to everyone and comes from within, which often needs coaxing and cultivating. Healing is not necessarily a state of perfect physical or mental health but is a range of positive adaptations that can be taught and learned. I use a person-centered approach, collaborating with my clients to work towards healing the whole person and improving their quality of life. I enjoy working with individuals, families, couples, adolescents, and children on a variety of different issues. I look forward to walking beside my clients with compassion and empathy, as they explore their own path.
(541) 325-8042 View (541) 325-8042
Photo of Megan Crosby, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Megan Crosby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
2 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97603
Jumping into the unknown can feel terrifying - but what if instead of spikes below, we land upon a feather bed? Taking risks and trusting can be difficult, and I hope to first create a trusting foundation so we may tackle the most daunting feats, together. My hope is to guide you beyond a diagnosis or label, and to your truest self. Finding ourselves, re-learning patterns and committing to our truth is no easy feat. Whether you're navigating relationship, identity or trauma-related issues, I am here to help.
Jumping into the unknown can feel terrifying - but what if instead of spikes below, we land upon a feather bed? Taking risks and trusting can be difficult, and I hope to first create a trusting foundation so we may tackle the most daunting feats, together. My hope is to guide you beyond a diagnosis or label, and to your truest self. Finding ourselves, re-learning patterns and committing to our truth is no easy feat. Whether you're navigating relationship, identity or trauma-related issues, I am here to help.
(541) 313-3558 View (541) 313-3558
Photo of Angie Salzwedel Kemp, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Angie Salzwedel Kemp
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I provide professional mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. My belief is that each person is unique and that everyone has the ability to discover and create desired changes in their lives. I approach therapy as a joint endeavor in which you and I work together to understand your goals, uncover and approach difficulties, and move toward healthy functioning and personal fulfillment. I work with clients using an integrative combination of modalities of therapy(Humanistic, CBT, DBT, EFT, Psychodynamic), creating healthier ways of living, loving, and communicating.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I provide professional mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. My belief is that each person is unique and that everyone has the ability to discover and create desired changes in their lives. I approach therapy as a joint endeavor in which you and I work together to understand your goals, uncover and approach difficulties, and move toward healthy functioning and personal fulfillment. I work with clients using an integrative combination of modalities of therapy(Humanistic, CBT, DBT, EFT, Psychodynamic), creating healthier ways of living, loving, and communicating.
(541) 403-8780 View (541) 403-8780
Photo of Dawn Elaine Merrigan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC-II
Dawn Elaine Merrigan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC-II
Online Only
Book with me now by clicking on my website! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (ADCLPC) and a master's level-III Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC-III). As an experienced clinician with close to 30 years providing counseling services to individuals, families, groups and communities, I am dedicated to the therapeutic process and personal journeys of exploration, I believe myself to be a ‘gentle” motivator and natural teacher, intuitive and realistic in my approach assisting others to draw upon personal strengths and abilities. I utilize several theoretical approaches to therapy.
Book with me now by clicking on my website! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (ADCLPC) and a master's level-III Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC-III). As an experienced clinician with close to 30 years providing counseling services to individuals, families, groups and communities, I am dedicated to the therapeutic process and personal journeys of exploration, I believe myself to be a ‘gentle” motivator and natural teacher, intuitive and realistic in my approach assisting others to draw upon personal strengths and abilities. I utilize several theoretical approaches to therapy.
(458) 291-0811 View (458) 291-0811
Photo of Marena Hughes, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Marena Hughes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Online Only
I am passionate about working with individuals, couples, and families to co-create change. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I believe that problems are created and healed in relationships. Therefore, I strive to create a supportive space where connections can be explored and enhanced. I value counseling others with acceptance, authenticity, empathy, and good humor. I look forward to hearing your story and helping you take an active role in your own well-being!
I am passionate about working with individuals, couples, and families to co-create change. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I believe that problems are created and healed in relationships. Therefore, I strive to create a supportive space where connections can be explored and enhanced. I value counseling others with acceptance, authenticity, empathy, and good humor. I look forward to hearing your story and helping you take an active role in your own well-being!
(541) 329-1154 View (541) 329-1154
Photo of Brittania Welch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC I, CCSOT
Brittania Welch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC I, CCSOT
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
I provide clinical services to individuals who are experiencing disruption in their lives due to anxiety, depression, addiction, sexual dysfunction and trauma (complex, family or sexual). In practice, I begin by working with clients to collaboratively identify treatment goals and develop a treatment pathway to meet those goals, while considering the individual's culture, lifestyle, strengths and abilities. I believe that treatment or intervention should be individualized to meet the needs of clients in an eclectic way.
I provide clinical services to individuals who are experiencing disruption in their lives due to anxiety, depression, addiction, sexual dysfunction and trauma (complex, family or sexual). In practice, I begin by working with clients to collaboratively identify treatment goals and develop a treatment pathway to meet those goals, while considering the individual's culture, lifestyle, strengths and abilities. I believe that treatment or intervention should be individualized to meet the needs of clients in an eclectic way.
(458) 235-4467 View (458) 235-4467
Photo of Kyra Letzring - Place2Heal Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CADCIII
Place2Heal Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CADCIII
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Not accepting new clients
We believe that every client has the ability to make changes that will follow them through life. Place2Heal is committed to identifying and exploring the challenges you bring to therapy, drawing on the strengths and resources that will help to make positive changes. We are committed to providing a safe and accepting therapeutic environment that facilitates growth, insight, and change. We believe in providing holistic care for clients in a judgment-free environment using therapeutic interventions to work with clients in achieving their goals.
We believe that every client has the ability to make changes that will follow them through life. Place2Heal is committed to identifying and exploring the challenges you bring to therapy, drawing on the strengths and resources that will help to make positive changes. We are committed to providing a safe and accepting therapeutic environment that facilitates growth, insight, and change. We believe in providing holistic care for clients in a judgment-free environment using therapeutic interventions to work with clients in achieving their goals.
(458) 217-6172 View (458) 217-6172
Photo of Amanda R Freeman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
Amanda R Freeman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
2 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Accepting NEW Patients! Life feels heavy when you're always trying to hold it all together. Whether you're a teen, young adult, or part of a family navigating anxiety, perfectionism, or feeling like you're never quite enough, I’m here for you. Maybe past relationships left trauma scars or you’re just tired of pretending everything’s fine. Therapy with me is a space where you don’t have to have it all figured out. You get to show up as you are and together, we’ll make sense of it all and start healing.
Accepting NEW Patients! Life feels heavy when you're always trying to hold it all together. Whether you're a teen, young adult, or part of a family navigating anxiety, perfectionism, or feeling like you're never quite enough, I’m here for you. Maybe past relationships left trauma scars or you’re just tired of pretending everything’s fine. Therapy with me is a space where you don’t have to have it all figured out. You get to show up as you are and together, we’ll make sense of it all and start healing.
(541) 634-2672 View (541) 634-2672
Photo of Sammy Glenn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sammy Glenn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Sammy Glenn, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), and I am licensed in Oregon, WV, Fl, TN, and California. My approach to therapy is to create a safe and non-judgmental environment for all of my clients, no matter their experiences. CBT is a cornerstone of mental health treatment and the forerunner of many newer modalities. Thoughts, feelings, and actions make sense to us all, and these will be the foundations of our approach. My philosophy is this: "I'll always help, if you'll always try."
My name is Sammy Glenn, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), and I am licensed in Oregon, WV, Fl, TN, and California. My approach to therapy is to create a safe and non-judgmental environment for all of my clients, no matter their experiences. CBT is a cornerstone of mental health treatment and the forerunner of many newer modalities. Thoughts, feelings, and actions make sense to us all, and these will be the foundations of our approach. My philosophy is this: "I'll always help, if you'll always try."
(657) 571-6169 View (657) 571-6169
Photo of Brenda Odesha, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, QMHP, MFT Ass
Brenda Odesha
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, QMHP, MFT Ass
1 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97603
Not accepting new clients
I strive to provide a safe space for my clients for reflection while serving as a guide and facilitator for their own self-discovery while simultaneously working on life’s challenges and relationship struggles. I have a unique passion in working with children to guide them in processing the challenges they face in their own family dynamics as they travel through their own growth and development.
I strive to provide a safe space for my clients for reflection while serving as a guide and facilitator for their own self-discovery while simultaneously working on life’s challenges and relationship struggles. I have a unique passion in working with children to guide them in processing the challenges they face in their own family dynamics as they travel through their own growth and development.
(541) 851-3300 View (541) 851-3300
Photo of Sammy B Glenn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sammy B Glenn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97603
Thank you for stopping by my page! What you will experience as my client will always be based upon the following: professionalism, care, and experience. I consider effective mental health treatment to be a life-changing experience and it is my goal as your therapist to support you 100% in reaching your goals. My philosophy is this: "I'll always help, if you'll always try." I have worked with a wide variety of people, and find that we can all connect as fellow humans. I am currently licensed in Oregon, West Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and California, and make my home in beautiful Oregon.
Thank you for stopping by my page! What you will experience as my client will always be based upon the following: professionalism, care, and experience. I consider effective mental health treatment to be a life-changing experience and it is my goal as your therapist to support you 100% in reaching your goals. My philosophy is this: "I'll always help, if you'll always try." I have worked with a wide variety of people, and find that we can all connect as fellow humans. I am currently licensed in Oregon, West Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and California, and make my home in beautiful Oregon.
(458) 203-7083 View (458) 203-7083
Photo of Carolyn A Hennessey, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Carolyn A Hennessey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel stuck and don't know what to do next? Are you struggling just to get through the day? As Therapist and Coach, I offer an objective, compassionate, professional perspective for new possibilities. Together we will consider your professional, family, and community life and develop a plan so you feel more satisfied. As a professional with over 20 years experience, my practice is a combination of counseling and executive and career coaching.
Do you feel stuck and don't know what to do next? Are you struggling just to get through the day? As Therapist and Coach, I offer an objective, compassionate, professional perspective for new possibilities. Together we will consider your professional, family, and community life and develop a plan so you feel more satisfied. As a professional with over 20 years experience, my practice is a combination of counseling and executive and career coaching.
(541) 407-3793 View (541) 407-3793
Photo of Tessa M Saindon - Connect Restore Thrive Counseling Group, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Connect Restore Thrive Counseling Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
We all have seasons in life when we need extra support. At CRT Counseling Group, we believe in providing a wholistic approach to counseling that is grounded in the needs of each individual client and family system. Our goal is to walk alongside you and/or your children to provide support and guidance in navigating the difficulties of life. We believe that through connection and restoration, everyone can live a life that is thriving.
We all have seasons in life when we need extra support. At CRT Counseling Group, we believe in providing a wholistic approach to counseling that is grounded in the needs of each individual client and family system. Our goal is to walk alongside you and/or your children to provide support and guidance in navigating the difficulties of life. We believe that through connection and restoration, everyone can live a life that is thriving.
(907) 229-3659 View (907) 229-3659
Photo of Angie Salzwedel-Kemp, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS MFT
Angie Salzwedel-Kemp
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS MFT
1 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
I provide professional mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. My belief is that each person is unique and that everyone has the ability to discover and create desired changes in their lives. I approach therapy as a joint endeavor in which you and I work together to understand your goals, uncover and approach difficulties, and move toward healthy functioning and personal fulfillment.
I provide professional mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. My belief is that each person is unique and that everyone has the ability to discover and create desired changes in their lives. I approach therapy as a joint endeavor in which you and I work together to understand your goals, uncover and approach difficulties, and move toward healthy functioning and personal fulfillment.
(541) 299-5239 View (541) 299-5239
Toeney Flowers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Accepting New Clients! Hello and welcome! Life can present various challenges, transitions, and stressors that can be overwhelming at times – perhaps you are searching for help with: grief, anxiety, depression, PTSD, or trauma; family conflict/parenting issues; unhealthy personal or professional relationships; child/teen with behavioral problems; or generational trauma or racial discrimination. I acknowledge the difficulty one may have with seeking help. This may be due to historical stigmas, masculinity associated with being male, or the feeling of “needing to do it all” and not having your power acknowledged or honored as a woman.
Accepting New Clients! Hello and welcome! Life can present various challenges, transitions, and stressors that can be overwhelming at times – perhaps you are searching for help with: grief, anxiety, depression, PTSD, or trauma; family conflict/parenting issues; unhealthy personal or professional relationships; child/teen with behavioral problems; or generational trauma or racial discrimination. I acknowledge the difficulty one may have with seeking help. This may be due to historical stigmas, masculinity associated with being male, or the feeling of “needing to do it all” and not having your power acknowledged or honored as a woman.
View
Photo of Christina Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Christina Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Individual, Family, Marriage, & Couples Counseling; I specialize in working with Teens & Adults of all ages who experience anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and/or who have experienced trauma. I am indigenous (Native American) and Mexican-American (Chicana). I am a member of the Klamath Tribes in southern Oregon. Hao?ɨɨ. Christina Martinez mi?i nɨ nani?a. Nɨ Nimɨ, Nɨ Yahooskin,Nɨ Kamɨdika?a. That is in the Northern Paiute language and means "How are you? My name is Christina Martinez and I am Northern Paiute."
Individual, Family, Marriage, & Couples Counseling; I specialize in working with Teens & Adults of all ages who experience anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and/or who have experienced trauma. I am indigenous (Native American) and Mexican-American (Chicana). I am a member of the Klamath Tribes in southern Oregon. Hao?ɨɨ. Christina Martinez mi?i nɨ nani?a. Nɨ Nimɨ, Nɨ Yahooskin,Nɨ Kamɨdika?a. That is in the Northern Paiute language and means "How are you? My name is Christina Martinez and I am Northern Paiute."
(541) 813-3860 View (541) 813-3860
Photo of Trava Nieves, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Trava Nieves
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Couples - Families - Individuals: Help in finding balance between emotional closeness and distance with others. Mapping to self and learning somatic cues that signal awareness of needs and practice sharing our personal states of being
Couples - Families - Individuals: Help in finding balance between emotional closeness and distance with others. Mapping to self and learning somatic cues that signal awareness of needs and practice sharing our personal states of being
(541) 391-5379 View (541) 391-5379
Photo of Charlene (Charlie) Dobry, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS, MFT
Charlene (Charlie) Dobry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS, MFT
Klamath Falls, OR 97603
Waitlist for new clients
We live in a time where anxiety, depression, and trauma have become the norm for so many. These symptoms overflow into our daily lives affecting our productivity, our relationships, and overall well-being. I know it can be hard to live the life you want when you feel overwhelmed all the time. I'm here to help you. You'll learn skills to manage your symptoms, grow your confidence, strengthen your relationships, and live your best life.
We live in a time where anxiety, depression, and trauma have become the norm for so many. These symptoms overflow into our daily lives affecting our productivity, our relationships, and overall well-being. I know it can be hard to live the life you want when you feel overwhelmed all the time. I'm here to help you. You'll learn skills to manage your symptoms, grow your confidence, strengthen your relationships, and live your best life.
(541) 368-2850 View (541) 368-2850
Photo of Anna Budden, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC, NBCC
Anna Budden
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC, NBCC
Klamath Falls, OR 97601
Do these feelings sound familiar? You’re tired of feeling anxious all the time. You overthink everything, doubt yourself constantly, or feel like you’re always one step away from falling apart. Maybe your relationships are strained, or you keep people at a distance because trust feels risky. You’re not alone. I’m Anna Budden (LPC, CADC, NBCC), and I help individuals and couples move through anxiety, trauma, low self-worth, and relationship challenges with clarity and care.
Do these feelings sound familiar? You’re tired of feeling anxious all the time. You overthink everything, doubt yourself constantly, or feel like you’re always one step away from falling apart. Maybe your relationships are strained, or you keep people at a distance because trust feels risky. You’re not alone. I’m Anna Budden (LPC, CADC, NBCC), and I help individuals and couples move through anxiety, trauma, low self-worth, and relationship challenges with clarity and care.
(541) 287-7495 View (541) 287-7495

See more therapy options for Klamath Falls

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Klamath Falls, OR

40+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Klamath Falls, OR who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Trauma and PTSD
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
73% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem
65% Grief

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
58% Moda Health

How Therapists in Klamath Falls, OR see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
15% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Klamath Falls?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.