Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Amelia Howard-Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Amelia Howard-Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
You want to be seen, heard, and understood. This is what you’ll feel when you work with me. My approach is collaborative and tailored to your unique needs. I strive to help you make sense out of the past while guiding you to make changes for the future. I want to help you live the life you want to live, and I’m here to provide you with the tools to do just that. Together we’ll work towards gaining a deeper understanding of yourself, finding meaning in your life, self-acceptance, and empowerment. You’ll learn to manage strong and uncomfortable emotions and work through negative thought patterns.
You want to be seen, heard, and understood. This is what you’ll feel when you work with me. My approach is collaborative and tailored to your unique needs. I strive to help you make sense out of the past while guiding you to make changes for the future. I want to help you live the life you want to live, and I’m here to provide you with the tools to do just that. Together we’ll work towards gaining a deeper understanding of yourself, finding meaning in your life, self-acceptance, and empowerment. You’ll learn to manage strong and uncomfortable emotions and work through negative thought patterns.
(415) 326-1841 View (415) 326-1841
Photo of Olivia Provan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Olivia Provan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You want better relationships, with your partner, your family, at work and with yourself. You’re at the point where all of the boxes are checked, but you’re still not feeling happy or fulfilled. You struggle with guilt for wanting more, but know deep down that there's something holding you back. If you’re a couple, you want deeper intimacy and connection, to resolve recurring disagreements, or support when facing key milestones such as moving in together or getting engaged. You’re in the right place. I specialize in attachment-based therapy for those wanting to improve their relationships, beginning with themselves.
You want better relationships, with your partner, your family, at work and with yourself. You’re at the point where all of the boxes are checked, but you’re still not feeling happy or fulfilled. You struggle with guilt for wanting more, but know deep down that there's something holding you back. If you’re a couple, you want deeper intimacy and connection, to resolve recurring disagreements, or support when facing key milestones such as moving in together or getting engaged. You’re in the right place. I specialize in attachment-based therapy for those wanting to improve their relationships, beginning with themselves.
(415) 870-4181 View (415) 870-4181
Photo of Karen Dias, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Karen Dias
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
Not accepting new clients
I am an experienced clinical psychologist providing short and long-term psychotherapy to adults. My specialties include relationship and interpersonal difficulties, identity issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, mood and emotion dysregulation, sexuality, and struggles with marginalization and social injustice. I use a sociocultural and trauma-focused lens in my work.
I am an experienced clinical psychologist providing short and long-term psychotherapy to adults. My specialties include relationship and interpersonal difficulties, identity issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, mood and emotion dysregulation, sexuality, and struggles with marginalization and social injustice. I use a sociocultural and trauma-focused lens in my work.
(415) 322-5670 View (415) 322-5670
Photo of Paul Watsky, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Paul Watsky
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I work with adults of all ages who seek the greatest access to their abilities and skills, wish to understand and accept themselves more fully by mitigating both internal and external obstacles, experience compassion, and act with social responsibility. Such goals may to grapple overcome low self esteem, maintain sobriety, come to terms with painful life experiences, and develop reality-based trust in relatioonships.
I work with adults of all ages who seek the greatest access to their abilities and skills, wish to understand and accept themselves more fully by mitigating both internal and external obstacles, experience compassion, and act with social responsibility. Such goals may to grapple overcome low self esteem, maintain sobriety, come to terms with painful life experiences, and develop reality-based trust in relatioonships.
(415) 639-5503 View (415) 639-5503
Photo of Beyond Coping, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Beyond Coping
Psychologist, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Are you living with or have you recently been diagnosed with a major medical condition? Caring for someone who is ill or dying? Are you having difficulties coping with a chronic or newly diagnosed illness? Are your children struggling with the loss of a loved one? Are you dealing with the impact of illness on body image? Are you considering end of life options or dealing with issues such as loss and grief? We help patients, their loved ones, and caregivers coping with cancer, life-altering illness, chronic pain, neurological conditions, infertility, complex pregnancy, and end of life issues.
Are you living with or have you recently been diagnosed with a major medical condition? Caring for someone who is ill or dying? Are you having difficulties coping with a chronic or newly diagnosed illness? Are your children struggling with the loss of a loved one? Are you dealing with the impact of illness on body image? Are you considering end of life options or dealing with issues such as loss and grief? We help patients, their loved ones, and caregivers coping with cancer, life-altering illness, chronic pain, neurological conditions, infertility, complex pregnancy, and end of life issues.
(844) 382-8410 x701 View (844) 382-8410 x701
Hengameh Roohi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
I enjoy working with both adults and adolescents. Of the adults, many struggle with dissatisfaction in the midst of success. They see their life as good “on paper”, but still, they feel emptiness, or a lack of clear direction or purpose. For some, this looks like chronic anxiety, or symptoms of depression. Others struggle with compulsive shopping, eating, or substance use. Relationships are important to my clients. Many struggle with disconnection from their loved ones, their lives, or themselves. I help them to overcome barriers to connection, so that they can find more fulfillment.
I enjoy working with both adults and adolescents. Of the adults, many struggle with dissatisfaction in the midst of success. They see their life as good “on paper”, but still, they feel emptiness, or a lack of clear direction or purpose. For some, this looks like chronic anxiety, or symptoms of depression. Others struggle with compulsive shopping, eating, or substance use. Relationships are important to my clients. Many struggle with disconnection from their loved ones, their lives, or themselves. I help them to overcome barriers to connection, so that they can find more fulfillment.
(415) 965-7531 View (415) 965-7531
Photo of M J Barrett in San Francisco, CA
M J Barrett
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
For the past 12 years I have helped people through relationship issues, anxiety, depression, parenting issues, life transitions, to name a few. Reaching out is the BEST first step you can take for yourself, you are not alone - Life throws curve balls and they can be hard to dodge.
For the past 12 years I have helped people through relationship issues, anxiety, depression, parenting issues, life transitions, to name a few. Reaching out is the BEST first step you can take for yourself, you are not alone - Life throws curve balls and they can be hard to dodge.
(628) 265-3400 View (628) 265-3400
Photo of Andrew Pelfini, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrew Pelfini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
No human being gets through this life without a certain amount of conflict. The need to solve problems and manage distress is complicated by our fast paced world with high expectations on individual pursuit where social media takes the place of meaningful social/community/familial support. I consider your particular situation, interests, and personality in order to assist you in relieving your distress. Compassionate care shifts perspective, opens options and releases us from unhelpful responses and painful situations--eases our minds. I work with adults across the life span: individuals/couples with differing sexual preferences, gender identification, and value orientations.
No human being gets through this life without a certain amount of conflict. The need to solve problems and manage distress is complicated by our fast paced world with high expectations on individual pursuit where social media takes the place of meaningful social/community/familial support. I consider your particular situation, interests, and personality in order to assist you in relieving your distress. Compassionate care shifts perspective, opens options and releases us from unhelpful responses and painful situations--eases our minds. I work with adults across the life span: individuals/couples with differing sexual preferences, gender identification, and value orientations.
(415) 968-2073 View (415) 968-2073
Photo of Janice Keenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Janice Keenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Hello, my name is Janice Keenberg and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) practicing in a small mountain town in Southern California. I have worked for more than two decades providing mental health counseling, liaison services, advocacy, and support services for community agencies and medical facilities in the Los Angeles and Bakersfield area. I enjoy working with adults of all ages and my focus is on helping clients cope with strong emotions brought about by depression, anxiety, stress, grief, chronic illness, and addiction.
Hello, my name is Janice Keenberg and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) practicing in a small mountain town in Southern California. I have worked for more than two decades providing mental health counseling, liaison services, advocacy, and support services for community agencies and medical facilities in the Los Angeles and Bakersfield area. I enjoy working with adults of all ages and my focus is on helping clients cope with strong emotions brought about by depression, anxiety, stress, grief, chronic illness, and addiction.
(415) 592-6513 View (415) 592-6513
Photo of Alex Eichenbaum, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Alex Eichenbaum
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Dr. Alex Eichenbaum is a licensed clinical psychologist who enjoys working with adults coping with anxiety, depression, behavioral disorders, and the impacts of surviving past traumas. He uses an integrative approach to therapy, employing evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral and mindfulness techniques to tailor treatment to your specific needs.  Dr. Eichenbaum emphasizes a collaborative, strength-based approach that values and affirms each person’s unique identity and culture.
Dr. Alex Eichenbaum is a licensed clinical psychologist who enjoys working with adults coping with anxiety, depression, behavioral disorders, and the impacts of surviving past traumas. He uses an integrative approach to therapy, employing evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral and mindfulness techniques to tailor treatment to your specific needs.  Dr. Eichenbaum emphasizes a collaborative, strength-based approach that values and affirms each person’s unique identity and culture.
(855) 674-0607 View (855) 674-0607
Photo of Kristina Kenyon, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kristina Kenyon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I believe we all come into this world being enough as we are but sometimes there are challenges, losses, difficulties, or behaviors that get in the way of what you may be wanting or where you want to be in your life. Together, we can build insight and understanding and work towards making the changes you want to see.
I believe we all come into this world being enough as we are but sometimes there are challenges, losses, difficulties, or behaviors that get in the way of what you may be wanting or where you want to be in your life. Together, we can build insight and understanding and work towards making the changes you want to see.
(415) 226-4779 View (415) 226-4779
Photo of Matthew Moreno, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Matthew Moreno
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
In addition to working extensively with anxiety issues, I specialize in helping clients improve their relationships with their partners/spouses. I wholeheartedly welcome both straight and LGBT clients into my practice. I often tell clients that everything makes perfect sense (ie. the problems they share and how they react), and all we need to do is find the right pieces of the puzzle to help them understand. It is from this understanding that relief and solutions arise. By truly understanding what anxiety is and isn't, we learn how to navigate it so it doesn't control our lives.
In addition to working extensively with anxiety issues, I specialize in helping clients improve their relationships with their partners/spouses. I wholeheartedly welcome both straight and LGBT clients into my practice. I often tell clients that everything makes perfect sense (ie. the problems they share and how they react), and all we need to do is find the right pieces of the puzzle to help them understand. It is from this understanding that relief and solutions arise. By truly understanding what anxiety is and isn't, we learn how to navigate it so it doesn't control our lives.
(415) 675-1848 View (415) 675-1848
Photo of Lisa Sloan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Lisa Sloan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Lisa Sloan is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2013. She has a Masters of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology and a BA in Psychology and Social Behavior. Lisa provides cognitive behavioral therapy uniquely designed for the need of each client. You will work together to create goals and learn coping skills and establish boundaries or improve communication. Lisa is also trained in EMDR for clients with trauma and works to help them overcome the negative effects of abuse or fearful events.
Lisa Sloan is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2013. She has a Masters of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology and a BA in Psychology and Social Behavior. Lisa provides cognitive behavioral therapy uniquely designed for the need of each client. You will work together to create goals and learn coping skills and establish boundaries or improve communication. Lisa is also trained in EMDR for clients with trauma and works to help them overcome the negative effects of abuse or fearful events.
(628) 288-7857 View (628) 288-7857
Photo of Russ Sharkey, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Russ Sharkey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents, and relationship therapy for adult couples, polycules, and friends/chosen family. I work with clients to navigate issues related to relationships including polyamory/consensual non-monogamy, anxiety, trauma and personal development. I work with clients who claim a variety of social identities. I hold space for LGBTQIA+ clients who struggle disproportionately due to cultural and societal challenges in their personal and professional lives, and I am deeply committed to working with this population to provide opportunities for greater healing and growth.
I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents, and relationship therapy for adult couples, polycules, and friends/chosen family. I work with clients to navigate issues related to relationships including polyamory/consensual non-monogamy, anxiety, trauma and personal development. I work with clients who claim a variety of social identities. I hold space for LGBTQIA+ clients who struggle disproportionately due to cultural and societal challenges in their personal and professional lives, and I am deeply committed to working with this population to provide opportunities for greater healing and growth.
(415) 763-6149 View (415) 763-6149
Photo of Kaye Reeves, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Francisco, CA
Kaye Reeves
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Feelings of anxiety, depression, isolation, grief and loss, difficulties in communicating or achieving emotional intimacy with our partner, or even just a vague dissatisfaction with the trajectory of our lives may impel us to seek out a therapist. Change and growth are possible when we talk with someone with whom we can feel safe and build a sense of connection. I welcome you and all the parts of you that long for compassionate exploration. Let’s collaborate in understanding your issues, identifying your goals, and creating a path to achieving them.
Feelings of anxiety, depression, isolation, grief and loss, difficulties in communicating or achieving emotional intimacy with our partner, or even just a vague dissatisfaction with the trajectory of our lives may impel us to seek out a therapist. Change and growth are possible when we talk with someone with whom we can feel safe and build a sense of connection. I welcome you and all the parts of you that long for compassionate exploration. Let’s collaborate in understanding your issues, identifying your goals, and creating a path to achieving them.
(415) 408-7485 View (415) 408-7485
Photo of Genevieve Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Genevieve Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117
Welcome. Perhaps you are seeking out therapy to help manage a crisis or maybe you finally have enough stability in your life to work on deeper issues? As a psychotherapist, I meet my clients where they are and offer the support most suited for their needs. In my practice, I work with everything from artistic blocks, anxiety, depression and relationship issues to severe trauma, grief, addiction and existential unrest.
Welcome. Perhaps you are seeking out therapy to help manage a crisis or maybe you finally have enough stability in your life to work on deeper issues? As a psychotherapist, I meet my clients where they are and offer the support most suited for their needs. In my practice, I work with everything from artistic blocks, anxiety, depression and relationship issues to severe trauma, grief, addiction and existential unrest.
(415) 942-2640 View (415) 942-2640
Photo of Kati Meyers, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kati Meyers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
What if I told you that your life and your reality are yours to curate? Let's envision the person you could become if you released excuses and embraced purposeful living. As a licensed clinical psychotherapist with over a decade of experience, I specialize in empowering individuals to get out of their own way and be truly intentional in their lives. I am dedicated to guiding clients toward self-discovery and fostering growth. I'm particularly passionate about working with teens, younger and older adults, as well as clients navigating anxiety, panic attacks, and professional burnout.
What if I told you that your life and your reality are yours to curate? Let's envision the person you could become if you released excuses and embraced purposeful living. As a licensed clinical psychotherapist with over a decade of experience, I specialize in empowering individuals to get out of their own way and be truly intentional in their lives. I am dedicated to guiding clients toward self-discovery and fostering growth. I'm particularly passionate about working with teens, younger and older adults, as well as clients navigating anxiety, panic attacks, and professional burnout.
(415) 758-4051 View (415) 758-4051
Photo of Ingrid Tauber, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ingrid Tauber
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I have a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and obtained a M.S.in Psychopharmacology in 2001. I've been in private practice for 40 years and an Assistant Clinical Professor at UCSF since 2005. My practice includes individuals and couples seeking help with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss, and grief. I work within a relational, psychodynamic theoretical model as a means of understanding and integrating the complex relationship that individuals and couples present. In my clinical work as a therapist and supervisor, I work collaboratively in pursuing goals and objectives.
I have a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and obtained a M.S.in Psychopharmacology in 2001. I've been in private practice for 40 years and an Assistant Clinical Professor at UCSF since 2005. My practice includes individuals and couples seeking help with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss, and grief. I work within a relational, psychodynamic theoretical model as a means of understanding and integrating the complex relationship that individuals and couples present. In my clinical work as a therapist and supervisor, I work collaboratively in pursuing goals and objectives.
(415) 894-0981 View (415) 894-0981
Photo of Carmen Regina Martines, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Carmen Regina Martines
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
In these uncertain times I am committed to provide warm, strong, calming help. I offer in person session for vaccinated clients as well as telehealth, video or phone. My potential client is looking for support around issues of family neglect in childhood, alcohol or drug abuse, anxiety, depression, communication, and boundary setting in relationships--whether family, romantic, friendships or at work. They may be struggling with accessing or enjoying their creativity and expressions of it. They may also be looking for support around discovering spirituality or a fuller expression of living.
In these uncertain times I am committed to provide warm, strong, calming help. I offer in person session for vaccinated clients as well as telehealth, video or phone. My potential client is looking for support around issues of family neglect in childhood, alcohol or drug abuse, anxiety, depression, communication, and boundary setting in relationships--whether family, romantic, friendships or at work. They may be struggling with accessing or enjoying their creativity and expressions of it. They may also be looking for support around discovering spirituality or a fuller expression of living.
(415) 636-6514 View (415) 636-6514
Photo of Yvonne Guertin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Yvonne Guertin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RMBP, SEP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
Coming from a holistic, mind-body, humanistic, compassionate perspective, I work with clients who desire to improve the quality of their lives, reducing stress and emotional pain. Clients may suffer from loneliness, depression, low self-esteem, anxiety or loss. They may need help with communication awareness, grounding methods, self-care, sexual fulfillment or life purpose. These conditions are more normal than abnormal, while sometimes feeling overwhelming. I invite clients to listen to and trust their innate wisdom, guiding them to identify and move through the obstacles preventing them from living their life to the fullest.
Coming from a holistic, mind-body, humanistic, compassionate perspective, I work with clients who desire to improve the quality of their lives, reducing stress and emotional pain. Clients may suffer from loneliness, depression, low self-esteem, anxiety or loss. They may need help with communication awareness, grounding methods, self-care, sexual fulfillment or life purpose. These conditions are more normal than abnormal, while sometimes feeling overwhelming. I invite clients to listen to and trust their innate wisdom, guiding them to identify and move through the obstacles preventing them from living their life to the fullest.
(415) 800-4671 View (415) 800-4671

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.