Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

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Photo of Aleesha Gosal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Aleesha Gosal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Aleesha is a neuro affirming therapist who works with children between 3-13 years of age. Aleesha works to create a therapeutic environment that is inclusive and supports individuals in understanding and embracing their identities while also addressing difficulities and challenges that may arise. Aleesha tailors the interventions and strategies used throughout her sessions to meet the specific needs and strenghts of your child. Her continued training and supervision in play therapy and EMDR afford her the opportunity to create an environment that fosters a sense of self acceptance, self adovcacy, and well being.
Aleesha is a neuro affirming therapist who works with children between 3-13 years of age. Aleesha works to create a therapeutic environment that is inclusive and supports individuals in understanding and embracing their identities while also addressing difficulities and challenges that may arise. Aleesha tailors the interventions and strategies used throughout her sessions to meet the specific needs and strenghts of your child. Her continued training and supervision in play therapy and EMDR afford her the opportunity to create an environment that fosters a sense of self acceptance, self adovcacy, and well being.
(623) 232-0886 View (623) 232-0886
Photo of Megan Bleam, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Megan Bleam
Counselor, LAC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
I have experience working with adolescents, young adults, and adults seeking guidance for substance use disorders, co-occurring disorders, eating disorders, internal and external conflicts. Throughout your counseling journey with a collaborative approach, we will work on ways to identify what makes you feel seen and heard, how to advocate for your needs to be met, and establish ways to spark your authentic drive towards wholeness while maintaining the belief that your presence is needed.
I have experience working with adolescents, young adults, and adults seeking guidance for substance use disorders, co-occurring disorders, eating disorders, internal and external conflicts. Throughout your counseling journey with a collaborative approach, we will work on ways to identify what makes you feel seen and heard, how to advocate for your needs to be met, and establish ways to spark your authentic drive towards wholeness while maintaining the belief that your presence is needed.
(480) 914-4523 View (480) 914-4523
Photo of Alexa Yassi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Alexa Yassi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAS-MFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
“Family dysfunction rolls from generation to generation like a fire in the woods taking down everything in its path until one person, in one generation, has the courage to turn and face the flames. That person brings peace to his ancestors and spares the children that follow.” — Terry Real. Taking a step towards therapy is an act of bravery. An act that can begin to open up space for healing in your life or in your relationships.
“Family dysfunction rolls from generation to generation like a fire in the woods taking down everything in its path until one person, in one generation, has the courage to turn and face the flames. That person brings peace to his ancestors and spares the children that follow.” — Terry Real. Taking a step towards therapy is an act of bravery. An act that can begin to open up space for healing in your life or in your relationships.
(602) 497-1989 View (602) 497-1989
Photo of Brittany Londer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scottsdale, AZ
Brittany Londer
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Self-schedule with me on our website today, get help fast, www.BrainBodyWellnessAZ.com/schedule-now. Throughout our life we go through different obstacles with some being harder than others. Sometimes we can get through it on our own and sometimes we need a little help and encouragement along the way. Whatever challenge you are facing you don’t have to go through it alone. Life can be challenging and with help and guidance your future will be on a patch that works for you. I stay present and together as we find ways that can help you transform through your difficult experience.
Self-schedule with me on our website today, get help fast, www.BrainBodyWellnessAZ.com/schedule-now. Throughout our life we go through different obstacles with some being harder than others. Sometimes we can get through it on our own and sometimes we need a little help and encouragement along the way. Whatever challenge you are facing you don’t have to go through it alone. Life can be challenging and with help and guidance your future will be on a patch that works for you. I stay present and together as we find ways that can help you transform through your difficult experience.
(480) 289-6806 View (480) 289-6806
Photo of Susan Panos, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Susan Panos
Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
Do you often feel stressed, worried or sad? Are you feeling hurt, disappointed or lonely in your relationships? Experiencing these feelings can be overwhelming and you may feel “stuck” and unable to move forward. You long to feel better but you don’t know where to begin. There is hope for you and you are not alone.
Do you often feel stressed, worried or sad? Are you feeling hurt, disappointed or lonely in your relationships? Experiencing these feelings can be overwhelming and you may feel “stuck” and unable to move forward. You long to feel better but you don’t know where to begin. There is hope for you and you are not alone.
(833) 550-7788 View (833) 550-7788
Photo of Dr. Lea Barber, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Dr. Lea Barber
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I am passionate about creating a supportive, empathetic environment where my clients feel empowered and encouraged to open up and be their authentic selves. When we feel safe and accepted for who we are, we can step forward and be vulnerable, which in turn allows us to foster deeper connections with ourselves and our loved ones. This is the therapeutic environment that I strive towards, through a mixture of warmth, humor and authenticity. Together, we can work to understand attachment injuries that shape us and our relationships, and generate insight-based change. This space is for you.
I am passionate about creating a supportive, empathetic environment where my clients feel empowered and encouraged to open up and be their authentic selves. When we feel safe and accepted for who we are, we can step forward and be vulnerable, which in turn allows us to foster deeper connections with ourselves and our loved ones. This is the therapeutic environment that I strive towards, through a mixture of warmth, humor and authenticity. Together, we can work to understand attachment injuries that shape us and our relationships, and generate insight-based change. This space is for you.
(480) 418-9822 View (480) 418-9822
Photo of Douglas Withrow, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Douglas Withrow
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, MSc, LMFT
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Maybe your marriage is empty and not living up to your dreams. Have you made choices that have hurt those you care about? Are you holding onto a secret that is consuming your life and feels overwhelming? Are you afraid to tell your partner what you have done or how you feel? Do you feel lonely, disconnected, hurt, or uncertain? There is a safe place where you can find help. You can rebuild broken relationships. You can discover the strength and freedom to face the surprises of marriage with confidence, and find closeness in your relationships.
Maybe your marriage is empty and not living up to your dreams. Have you made choices that have hurt those you care about? Are you holding onto a secret that is consuming your life and feels overwhelming? Are you afraid to tell your partner what you have done or how you feel? Do you feel lonely, disconnected, hurt, or uncertain? There is a safe place where you can find help. You can rebuild broken relationships. You can discover the strength and freedom to face the surprises of marriage with confidence, and find closeness in your relationships.
(480) 409-2283 View (480) 409-2283
Photo of Kendra Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Kendra Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Reaching out for help is never easy. This may have been something on your mind for awhile or you may have recently experienced a life changing event. In any case, it is a privilege to have you here. My goal is for you to achieve a more fulfilling life - maybe that means one with less anxiety and depression. Perhaps it’s a deeper connection with friends and family. Other times it’s breaking free from past trauma, toxic relationships and dysfunctional patterns that prevent you from moving forward. Together, we will determine how to best reach those goals using your own personal strengths, comfortable level and at your own pace.
Reaching out for help is never easy. This may have been something on your mind for awhile or you may have recently experienced a life changing event. In any case, it is a privilege to have you here. My goal is for you to achieve a more fulfilling life - maybe that means one with less anxiety and depression. Perhaps it’s a deeper connection with friends and family. Other times it’s breaking free from past trauma, toxic relationships and dysfunctional patterns that prevent you from moving forward. Together, we will determine how to best reach those goals using your own personal strengths, comfortable level and at your own pace.
(480) 418-2317 View (480) 418-2317
Photo of Rachel Michele Tombaugh, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Rachel Michele Tombaugh
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
Imagine life with joy again! I am excited to partner with you to help you find hope, develop effective ways to cope with anxiety and to live a life with purpose and meaning. I specialize in the treatment of trauma/PTSD and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. My goal for each client with whom I work is to help them find joy in life and to be able to approach challenges with confidence! My humor, compassion, and warmth will immediately set you at ease.
Imagine life with joy again! I am excited to partner with you to help you find hope, develop effective ways to cope with anxiety and to live a life with purpose and meaning. I specialize in the treatment of trauma/PTSD and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. My goal for each client with whom I work is to help them find joy in life and to be able to approach challenges with confidence! My humor, compassion, and warmth will immediately set you at ease.
(480) 508-9254 View (480) 508-9254
Photo of Amie Celender, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Amie Celender
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Are you ready to believe that it can get better? Maybe you are new to therapy and ready to make life changes, or maybe therapy has been helpful in the past and it’s time for a tune up. With the right therapeutic fit a new path may open for you and lead you to healing past trauma and reviving your life. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience in a variety of clinical settings. I specialize in treating maternal mental health / parental stress management, disordered eating, body image, relationship issues and general mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem and trauma.
Are you ready to believe that it can get better? Maybe you are new to therapy and ready to make life changes, or maybe therapy has been helpful in the past and it’s time for a tune up. With the right therapeutic fit a new path may open for you and lead you to healing past trauma and reviving your life. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience in a variety of clinical settings. I specialize in treating maternal mental health / parental stress management, disordered eating, body image, relationship issues and general mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem and trauma.
(602) 536-9765 View (602) 536-9765
Photo of Andrea Menhennet, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Andrea Menhennet
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I provide a caring and safe environment for clients experiencing difficulty in their relationships (romantic/family/friendships), life transitions, trauma, and any stress causing clients a disturbance. I view problems from a systems approach and study interactional and communication breakdowns. Emotional problems derive from faulty patterns in early life and often compound in severity. What makes my practice unique is how I navigate the mind/body/energy connection. Using all the modalities I’ve learned produces an effective treatment plan to work on your mental health.
I provide a caring and safe environment for clients experiencing difficulty in their relationships (romantic/family/friendships), life transitions, trauma, and any stress causing clients a disturbance. I view problems from a systems approach and study interactional and communication breakdowns. Emotional problems derive from faulty patterns in early life and often compound in severity. What makes my practice unique is how I navigate the mind/body/energy connection. Using all the modalities I’ve learned produces an effective treatment plan to work on your mental health.
(623) 292-4962 View (623) 292-4962
Photo of Kimberly Hall Sadegi, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Kimberly Hall Sadegi
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
One of the most crucial parts of the therapeutic process is connection. Having a space where you feel understood and not judged is foundational, especially in these times. We all have a unique history and journey- no two experiences are alike. I incorporate both an INDIVIDUALIZED and WHOLISTIC approach to therapy, geared towards considering the whole person, identifying how each part affects and influences the other. We will work on clearly identifing goals and measuring your progress. Together we can do this by practicing the principle of HOPE, as I believe almost everything in life is "figure-out-able."
One of the most crucial parts of the therapeutic process is connection. Having a space where you feel understood and not judged is foundational, especially in these times. We all have a unique history and journey- no two experiences are alike. I incorporate both an INDIVIDUALIZED and WHOLISTIC approach to therapy, geared towards considering the whole person, identifying how each part affects and influences the other. We will work on clearly identifing goals and measuring your progress. Together we can do this by practicing the principle of HOPE, as I believe almost everything in life is "figure-out-able."
(520) 335-3640 View (520) 335-3640
Photo of Pamela Ryan-Hick, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Pamela Ryan-Hick
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I am EMDR trained. I work with clients who have experienced trauma. I give many resources that help to deal with traumatic memories that may come up in between sessions. Not only do I work with EMDR but I do also use Mindfulness, CBT and DBT. I can help you with self-esteem issues, blocking beliefs and feeder memories so that you can live the life with reduced stress and so that you can live a life that you are meant to live.
I am EMDR trained. I work with clients who have experienced trauma. I give many resources that help to deal with traumatic memories that may come up in between sessions. Not only do I work with EMDR but I do also use Mindfulness, CBT and DBT. I can help you with self-esteem issues, blocking beliefs and feeder memories so that you can live the life with reduced stress and so that you can live a life that you are meant to live.
(480) 680-0073 View (480) 680-0073
Photo of Amanda Nomicos, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Amanda Nomicos
Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTS-I, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Amanda’s specialty is working with individuals ages 13 and up who are experiencing life or life cycle transitions and need additional support through that transitioning time period. This might look like a mother experiencing perinatal mental health concerns or recovering from birth trauma. Or it might look like a teenager experiencing higher anxiety levels and needing a therapist who tailors coping skills to that specific teen and their circumstances. Perhaps you are struggling at work with anxiety or feeling overwhelmed and can’t quite articulate the “why” behind it yet.
Amanda’s specialty is working with individuals ages 13 and up who are experiencing life or life cycle transitions and need additional support through that transitioning time period. This might look like a mother experiencing perinatal mental health concerns or recovering from birth trauma. Or it might look like a teenager experiencing higher anxiety levels and needing a therapist who tailors coping skills to that specific teen and their circumstances. Perhaps you are struggling at work with anxiety or feeling overwhelmed and can’t quite articulate the “why” behind it yet.
(602) 671-0526 View (602) 671-0526
Photo of Janet Patterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Janet Patterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFT, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have extensive experience helping people make positive change in their lives utilizing a comprehensive approach. Treatment modalities include solution focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, and EMDR. My ideal client is anyone who wishes to live a happier, healthier life.
I have extensive experience helping people make positive change in their lives utilizing a comprehensive approach. Treatment modalities include solution focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, and EMDR. My ideal client is anyone who wishes to live a happier, healthier life.
(262) 332-4137 View (262) 332-4137
Photo of Jenna Ciancanelli, Counselor in Scottsdale, AZ
Jenna Ciancanelli
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Teens and young adults are my specialties. Are you looking for a safe, nonjudgmental space to learn skills and tools to help in managing symptoms like anxiety and depression for yourself or your teen? You are in the right place! People that seek me out are looking for a therapist that makes them feel seen, heard, welcomed, and understood. They often feel overwhelmed by emotions such as anxiety, irritability, depression, fear of judgment from others, or substance use. Many times they feel as though they are just getting through life and live in constant survival mode. The good news is therapy can help!
Teens and young adults are my specialties. Are you looking for a safe, nonjudgmental space to learn skills and tools to help in managing symptoms like anxiety and depression for yourself or your teen? You are in the right place! People that seek me out are looking for a therapist that makes them feel seen, heard, welcomed, and understood. They often feel overwhelmed by emotions such as anxiety, irritability, depression, fear of judgment from others, or substance use. Many times they feel as though they are just getting through life and live in constant survival mode. The good news is therapy can help!
(480) 906-3743 View (480) 906-3743
Photo of Dr. Mara Richman in Scottsdale, AZ
Dr. Mara Richman
PhD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
I bring space for my clients through a warm, welcoming, and non-judgemental as well as unconditional lens. Sometimes it can be figuring out your true identity and what drives you to do the things you do, other times it can be day to day issues. My goal in therapy is to provide a safe space to my clients to feel heard and understood. It's hard in everyday life to overcome the challenges that our mind creates, and I hope to help clients work through the issues that comes with being human and living in today's society.
I bring space for my clients through a warm, welcoming, and non-judgemental as well as unconditional lens. Sometimes it can be figuring out your true identity and what drives you to do the things you do, other times it can be day to day issues. My goal in therapy is to provide a safe space to my clients to feel heard and understood. It's hard in everyday life to overcome the challenges that our mind creates, and I hope to help clients work through the issues that comes with being human and living in today's society.
(623) 286-2252 View (623) 286-2252
Photo of Beth Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Beth Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
People grieve for lots of things aside from an actual death. Sometimes the process of grieving or adapting to change can be overwhelming and exhausting. We are most especially challenged when things happen to us that we do not choose or are out of our control. Sometimes these circumstances lead to high anxiety, depression and coping choices that may hurt us. This is when we lose sight of who we are, where our strength lies, and may have a hard time just trying to live our daily lives. This is when we need some gentle, clear, skillful support and guidance.
People grieve for lots of things aside from an actual death. Sometimes the process of grieving or adapting to change can be overwhelming and exhausting. We are most especially challenged when things happen to us that we do not choose or are out of our control. Sometimes these circumstances lead to high anxiety, depression and coping choices that may hurt us. This is when we lose sight of who we are, where our strength lies, and may have a hard time just trying to live our daily lives. This is when we need some gentle, clear, skillful support and guidance.
View
Photo of Marilyn Cabay, Psychologist in Scottsdale, AZ
Marilyn Cabay
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
I am a licensed psychologist dedicated to helping people facing emotional, social and cognitive challenges. My approach to psychotherapy draws from person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic theories. With compassion and respect I work to help individuals find personal strength and resilience to experience a better quality of life.
I am a licensed psychologist dedicated to helping people facing emotional, social and cognitive challenges. My approach to psychotherapy draws from person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic theories. With compassion and respect I work to help individuals find personal strength and resilience to experience a better quality of life.
(602) 717-2589 View (602) 717-2589
Photo of Marjorie Schulte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scottsdale, AZ
Marjorie Schulte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PLLC, BCD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Marjorie Schulte is a Psychotherapist with over 40 years experience. She is a licensed clinical social worker; a transactional analyst; board certified diplomate in clinical social work; board certified diplomate in the American Psychotherapy Association and a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. Marjorie has a general clinical practice with a specialty in resolving relationship conflicts. She is a consultant on teaching and communicating about effective skills for successful and healthy living. Marjorie's style is forthright and interactive. Clients are expected to assume personal responsibility.
Marjorie Schulte is a Psychotherapist with over 40 years experience. She is a licensed clinical social worker; a transactional analyst; board certified diplomate in clinical social work; board certified diplomate in the American Psychotherapy Association and a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. Marjorie has a general clinical practice with a specialty in resolving relationship conflicts. She is a consultant on teaching and communicating about effective skills for successful and healthy living. Marjorie's style is forthright and interactive. Clients are expected to assume personal responsibility.
(480) 941-9004 View (480) 941-9004

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
63% BlueCross and BlueShield
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.