Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

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Photo of Eric Francis Levy, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Eric Francis Levy
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55404
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with extensive experience working with couples, families, adolescents and individuals. I have expertise working with family conflict, DUI related issues, sexuality, sexual behavior problems, addictions, and crisis intervention. Other areas of interest and experience include family conflict, divorce, depression, anxiety, developmental disabilities and parenting issues.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with extensive experience working with couples, families, adolescents and individuals. I have expertise working with family conflict, DUI related issues, sexuality, sexual behavior problems, addictions, and crisis intervention. Other areas of interest and experience include family conflict, divorce, depression, anxiety, developmental disabilities and parenting issues.
(612) 400-7756 View (612) 400-7756
Photo of Marwa W. Ibrahim, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Marwa W. Ibrahim
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in treating symptoms of anxiety, OCD, and issues of adjustment. I particularly enjoy working with young adults and early-career professionals due to the many life changes that often occur in these life stages, which therapy could support them in navigating. I also enjoy working with clients from immigrant and BIPOC communities who are navigating issues of identity or adjustment that are interfering with their mental health.
I specialize in treating symptoms of anxiety, OCD, and issues of adjustment. I particularly enjoy working with young adults and early-career professionals due to the many life changes that often occur in these life stages, which therapy could support them in navigating. I also enjoy working with clients from immigrant and BIPOC communities who are navigating issues of identity or adjustment that are interfering with their mental health.
(763) 373-4312 View (763) 373-4312
Photo of Andrew Jacobson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Andrew Jacobson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Hello! When working with clients, my first priority is to ensure that they feel safe and comfortable while exploring the wide range of experiences and challenges that accompany life. My hope is to be a companion who provides support, validation, and perspective while remaining led by you! I work with all kinds of presenting issues and truly enjoy building each individual's story and insight about themselves. I believe that our pasts impact how we show up in the world and that learning about ourselves in this way leads to relief and positive change.
Hello! When working with clients, my first priority is to ensure that they feel safe and comfortable while exploring the wide range of experiences and challenges that accompany life. My hope is to be a companion who provides support, validation, and perspective while remaining led by you! I work with all kinds of presenting issues and truly enjoy building each individual's story and insight about themselves. I believe that our pasts impact how we show up in the world and that learning about ourselves in this way leads to relief and positive change.
(612) 887-9269 View (612) 887-9269
Photo of Rah Bridwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Rah Bridwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Waitlist for new clients
I believe in the power of relationship and co-creating a safe environment for you to share and explore. I am particularly invested in working with trans and queer folks and those whose relationship structures and embodiments are not always validated by dominant culture. I use a contemporary psychoanalytic lens, as well as, queer and post modern theory. My work primarily focuses on assisting folks exploring their self, including their gender and sexual health. I often provide support through transition and with a range of concerns including couple relational, low desire, problematic sexual behavior, erectile dysfunction and more.
I believe in the power of relationship and co-creating a safe environment for you to share and explore. I am particularly invested in working with trans and queer folks and those whose relationship structures and embodiments are not always validated by dominant culture. I use a contemporary psychoanalytic lens, as well as, queer and post modern theory. My work primarily focuses on assisting folks exploring their self, including their gender and sexual health. I often provide support through transition and with a range of concerns including couple relational, low desire, problematic sexual behavior, erectile dysfunction and more.
(612) 324-4894 x40 View (612) 324-4894 x40
Photo of Kari Holmes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Kari Holmes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414
I believe we are created for a life of joy and fulfillment. However, our experiences can adversely impact our ability to experience this. While at times, friends and family can offer enough support, there are moments when the help of a professional is needed. Whether it be depression or anxiety or more complex issues like trauma and ADHD, a therapist can be a trusted companion on your healing journey. As a therapist, I offer a listening ear free of judgment. I use my training and life experience to help guide you in a process of healing and growth that brings mindfulness and grounding to your every day life.
I believe we are created for a life of joy and fulfillment. However, our experiences can adversely impact our ability to experience this. While at times, friends and family can offer enough support, there are moments when the help of a professional is needed. Whether it be depression or anxiety or more complex issues like trauma and ADHD, a therapist can be a trusted companion on your healing journey. As a therapist, I offer a listening ear free of judgment. I use my training and life experience to help guide you in a process of healing and growth that brings mindfulness and grounding to your every day life.
(763) 363-6055 View (763) 363-6055
Photo of Monica Bernards, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Monica Bernards
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Waitlist for new clients
I am interested in working with adults or couples experiencing generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, multiracial identity, life transitions, self-esteem, sleep difficulties, and learning to create balance in one's life. I am also passionate about working with individuals through their identity exploration and in creating comfort in one's identity when it does not seem to fit in boxes. I enjoy learning from each client, cheering you on, and advocating for you as we work together to reach your goals.
I am interested in working with adults or couples experiencing generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, multiracial identity, life transitions, self-esteem, sleep difficulties, and learning to create balance in one's life. I am also passionate about working with individuals through their identity exploration and in creating comfort in one's identity when it does not seem to fit in boxes. I enjoy learning from each client, cheering you on, and advocating for you as we work together to reach your goals.
(612) 482-4365 View (612) 482-4365
Photo of Fred Kiesel, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Fred Kiesel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55410
My clinical interests are currently within the realms of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance/Commitment Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I have experience in utilizing Dialectic Behavior Training (DBT) approaches and continue to study and implement DBT. I am interested in providing group therapy, couples’ therapy, and individual therapy.
My clinical interests are currently within the realms of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance/Commitment Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I have experience in utilizing Dialectic Behavior Training (DBT) approaches and continue to study and implement DBT. I am interested in providing group therapy, couples’ therapy, and individual therapy.
(952) 592-4092 View (952) 592-4092
Photo of LynLake Centers for Wellbeing, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
LynLake Centers for Wellbeing
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
At LynLake Centers for WellBeing, we believe all people deserve to lead empowered, creative, authentic lives. We’re here for you, no matter where you’re at. We’re a large, diverse group of experienced psychotherapists, counselors, dietitians, psychiatric nurse practitioners, acupuncturists, neuro/psychological testing psychologists, yoga therapists, wellness coaches, trauma specialists, and more. We are united by our passion for helping to create a healthy, resilient, and fulfilled community. We offer both online and in-person services at over a dozen locations throughout the Twin Cities. We are accepting new clients of all ages!
At LynLake Centers for WellBeing, we believe all people deserve to lead empowered, creative, authentic lives. We’re here for you, no matter where you’re at. We’re a large, diverse group of experienced psychotherapists, counselors, dietitians, psychiatric nurse practitioners, acupuncturists, neuro/psychological testing psychologists, yoga therapists, wellness coaches, trauma specialists, and more. We are united by our passion for helping to create a healthy, resilient, and fulfilled community. We offer both online and in-person services at over a dozen locations throughout the Twin Cities. We are accepting new clients of all ages!
(952) 800-3161 View (952) 800-3161
Photo of Sherraine Grinion, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Sherraine Grinion
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55415
My policy is, come as you are, in whatever state that may be. Are you going through what feels like a never-ending cycle of intrusive thoughts? Do you often find yourself stuck in an anxious loop, that eventually leaves you stuck and unable to make decisions? Whatever the concerns are, I can help stabilize your mind and find solutions to maintain a general sense of well-being and mental clarity. Usually this starts with addressing our emotions, bringing ourselves to a calm place in order to acknowledge the problems. Big problems are usually small at first, no matter how trivial they are, and it’s completely okay to talk about them!
My policy is, come as you are, in whatever state that may be. Are you going through what feels like a never-ending cycle of intrusive thoughts? Do you often find yourself stuck in an anxious loop, that eventually leaves you stuck and unable to make decisions? Whatever the concerns are, I can help stabilize your mind and find solutions to maintain a general sense of well-being and mental clarity. Usually this starts with addressing our emotions, bringing ourselves to a calm place in order to acknowledge the problems. Big problems are usually small at first, no matter how trivial they are, and it’s completely okay to talk about them!
(651) 390-1679 View (651) 390-1679
Photo of McKenna Cromwell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
McKenna Cromwell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
If you’re feeling like you can’t quite communicate what you’re trying to say, feeling undervalued, or like you’re stuck in the same old patterns, you’re in the right place. I work with young adults to build healthy relationships with themselves and others. We can work to form a deeper understanding of self whether you’re looking for individual counseling or wanting to create a healthy foundation for your partnership. I often work with anxiety, depression, stress management, self-esteem, and life transitions. I also enjoy helping couples learn skills for navigating conflict and creating more supportive and satisfying connections.
If you’re feeling like you can’t quite communicate what you’re trying to say, feeling undervalued, or like you’re stuck in the same old patterns, you’re in the right place. I work with young adults to build healthy relationships with themselves and others. We can work to form a deeper understanding of self whether you’re looking for individual counseling or wanting to create a healthy foundation for your partnership. I often work with anxiety, depression, stress management, self-esteem, and life transitions. I also enjoy helping couples learn skills for navigating conflict and creating more supportive and satisfying connections.
(612) 428-4187 View (612) 428-4187
Photo of Estefania Alvarez-Zumarraga, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Estefania Alvarez-Zumarraga
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55419  (Online Only)
Creating art promotes emotional awareness, reflection and processing of the human experience, and the beauty of using art therapeutically is that previous art experience is not required. I'm glad to work with clients who have never made art, or make it every day. Whether you want to work on processing experience and emotion, need mental health support, want to use an integrative mental health approach or just need some time to experience mindfulness and stress management tools, I am here to help you utilize art therapy.
Creating art promotes emotional awareness, reflection and processing of the human experience, and the beauty of using art therapeutically is that previous art experience is not required. I'm glad to work with clients who have never made art, or make it every day. Whether you want to work on processing experience and emotion, need mental health support, want to use an integrative mental health approach or just need some time to experience mindfulness and stress management tools, I am here to help you utilize art therapy.
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Photo of Eli Z Wright, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Eli Z Wright
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, LADC-S, CAS
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55407
My primary focus is on building a strong therapeutic relationship so that you can feel valued and respected. I believe that people are experts in their own lives. We will use a non-pathologizing, collaborative, curiosity-based approach. I regard therapy as a sacred space. A session is your creative space to develop your preferred story.
My primary focus is on building a strong therapeutic relationship so that you can feel valued and respected. I believe that people are experts in their own lives. We will use a non-pathologizing, collaborative, curiosity-based approach. I regard therapy as a sacred space. A session is your creative space to develop your preferred story.
(612) 324-6831 View (612) 324-6831
Photo of Neko J Vanevenhoven, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Neko J Vanevenhoven
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Supervi
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55428
Hello and welcome to the beginning of your healing journey! In addition, I am dually licensed in MN and WI and an approved supervisor for LMFT and LPCC. My name is Neko and I joined this field because I believe that life is a journey where invitations to heal, grow and prosper are constantly received!
Hello and welcome to the beginning of your healing journey! In addition, I am dually licensed in MN and WI and an approved supervisor for LMFT and LPCC. My name is Neko and I joined this field because I believe that life is a journey where invitations to heal, grow and prosper are constantly received!
(763) 247-2736 View (763) 247-2736
Photo of Novo Behavioral Health, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Novo Behavioral Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55426
Jocelyn has worked in higher education as a collegiate coach, educator and mentor for over a decade at universities across the nation. Additionally, she trained with sports psychologist, Dr. Christina Heilman (Driggs, ID). She sees mental health as functioning on a continuum and believes that looking at the whole person/system is crucial to healing; a process that comes from within and can be enhanced with a therapeutic relationship. Her areas of interest include: anxiety related to social and school pressures, as well as work/social life balance and transition. She is also interested in therapy for trauma related to loss and major life transitions.
Jocelyn has worked in higher education as a collegiate coach, educator and mentor for over a decade at universities across the nation. Additionally, she trained with sports psychologist, Dr. Christina Heilman (Driggs, ID). She sees mental health as functioning on a continuum and believes that looking at the whole person/system is crucial to healing; a process that comes from within and can be enhanced with a therapeutic relationship. Her areas of interest include: anxiety related to social and school pressures, as well as work/social life balance and transition. She is also interested in therapy for trauma related to loss and major life transitions.
(651) 413-6508 View (651) 413-6508
Photo of Karen Willette, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Karen Willette
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
I have 35 years of experience helping a wide variety of people find their way to living a richer and more satisfying life. I have a deep respect for the mind and emotional life and believe it's difficult to change without resolving the internal conflicts (which are often out of our awareness) that lead to emotional distress, unwanted behaviors or physical symptoms.
I have 35 years of experience helping a wide variety of people find their way to living a richer and more satisfying life. I have a deep respect for the mind and emotional life and believe it's difficult to change without resolving the internal conflicts (which are often out of our awareness) that lead to emotional distress, unwanted behaviors or physical symptoms.
(612) 294-8207 View (612) 294-8207
Photo of Seinah Isaacs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Seinah Isaacs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55444
Are you tired of dealing with life's issues alone? In today's fast-paced environment, the weight of depression, anxiety, stress, grief and trauma, can take a toll on a person mentally, physically, and emotionally. This leaves you feeling overwhelmed, angry, frustrated and exhausted! With the right therapist, you can take control of your life by reflection, self-awareness, creating balance and working towards living in your highest potential. You put so much time, energy and resource into every other area of your life except where you need it most...on yourself! Remember- mental health is wealth!
Are you tired of dealing with life's issues alone? In today's fast-paced environment, the weight of depression, anxiety, stress, grief and trauma, can take a toll on a person mentally, physically, and emotionally. This leaves you feeling overwhelmed, angry, frustrated and exhausted! With the right therapist, you can take control of your life by reflection, self-awareness, creating balance and working towards living in your highest potential. You put so much time, energy and resource into every other area of your life except where you need it most...on yourself! Remember- mental health is wealth!
(763) 251-7828 View (763) 251-7828
Photo of Roger Pollock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Roger Pollock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Waitlist for new clients
My mission is to genuinely share myself with others so that we can reach higher levels of understanding and experience acceptance, commitment, and hope. We are doing the best we can, with what we have, in this moment and we can do better, being more motivated to change. With a dialectical perspective, drawing from the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I focus on helping my clients achieve their goals and create a life worth living.In my work, I connect with adolescents, families, and young adults, offering a radically genuine relationship that helps them discover that hope and recovery are possible.
My mission is to genuinely share myself with others so that we can reach higher levels of understanding and experience acceptance, commitment, and hope. We are doing the best we can, with what we have, in this moment and we can do better, being more motivated to change. With a dialectical perspective, drawing from the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I focus on helping my clients achieve their goals and create a life worth living.In my work, I connect with adolescents, families, and young adults, offering a radically genuine relationship that helps them discover that hope and recovery are possible.
(612) 662-5680 View (612) 662-5680
Photo of Dr. Todd J. Lukens, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Dr. Todd J. Lukens
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Are you a teenager or young adult struggling to find your path in life? Are you still figuring out who you are and what you want out of life? You are not alone. Adolescence is a time of incredible transition and identity formation, and can be stressful and confusing. Despite how challenging this time is and that fact that our frontal lobe has not fully developed, we are asked to make some of the most important decisions of our lives (academic, occupational, relational, vocational). Adolescence and young adults often struggle with anxiety, depression, past trauma, substance use, and identity formation.
Are you a teenager or young adult struggling to find your path in life? Are you still figuring out who you are and what you want out of life? You are not alone. Adolescence is a time of incredible transition and identity formation, and can be stressful and confusing. Despite how challenging this time is and that fact that our frontal lobe has not fully developed, we are asked to make some of the most important decisions of our lives (academic, occupational, relational, vocational). Adolescence and young adults often struggle with anxiety, depression, past trauma, substance use, and identity formation.
(612) 887-3273 View (612) 887-3273
Jennifer Huber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419  (Online Only)
Life is full of ups and downs and I am here to create a warm, supportive, non-judgmental space for clients and to work together to create positive, sustainable strategies for navigating and managing life’s challenges. My treatment approach is rooted in a strengths based perspective and a desire to work with clients towards their goals. I seek to build upon clients’ strengths while helping individuals identify options and problem solve.
Life is full of ups and downs and I am here to create a warm, supportive, non-judgmental space for clients and to work together to create positive, sustainable strategies for navigating and managing life’s challenges. My treatment approach is rooted in a strengths based perspective and a desire to work with clients towards their goals. I seek to build upon clients’ strengths while helping individuals identify options and problem solve.
(612) 315-0715 View (612) 315-0715
Photo of Larry Suess, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Larry Suess
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
You can grow through crisis and challenge! As a psychologist and family therapist I am interested in the family dynamics that have contributed to the issues my clients are facing. I'm especially interested in couples' issues because it's such a challenge to live with someone who inevitably brings up your issues. I'm a seasoned therapist, originally trained as a music therapist, who works with a wide range of issues from personal coaching to parenting, from depression/anxiety to spiritual growth. My view is that every crisis and difficult issue is an opportunity for personal growth.
You can grow through crisis and challenge! As a psychologist and family therapist I am interested in the family dynamics that have contributed to the issues my clients are facing. I'm especially interested in couples' issues because it's such a challenge to live with someone who inevitably brings up your issues. I'm a seasoned therapist, originally trained as a music therapist, who works with a wide range of issues from personal coaching to parenting, from depression/anxiety to spiritual growth. My view is that every crisis and difficult issue is an opportunity for personal growth.
(612) 293-7041 View (612) 293-7041

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% UCare
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.