Therapists in Crozet, VA

Photo of Shannon Noe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Crozet, VA
Shannon Noe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
< < Shannon is accepting new clients > > My goal as your therapist is to create a safe space for you to process and organize your life experiences, thoughts, relationships, and emotions. I’m ready to meet you wherever you are in your process with nonjudgmental grace and support. Together, we’ll notice your strengths and build on them so you can continue moving forward with a greater understanding of this version of yourself.
< < Shannon is accepting new clients > > My goal as your therapist is to create a safe space for you to process and organize your life experiences, thoughts, relationships, and emotions. I’m ready to meet you wherever you are in your process with nonjudgmental grace and support. Together, we’ll notice your strengths and build on them so you can continue moving forward with a greater understanding of this version of yourself.
(540) 835-5640 View (540) 835-5640
Photo of Atieno Bird in Crozet, VA
Atieno Bird
MA, CP
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
Are you feeling out of resources, stuck, alone, or like your goals are out of reach? Do you long for more self-acceptance, ease and joy in your body, your life, and this world? Do you want to strengthen your wise and loving parts and end self-sabotage? I'm here for all of it. If you feel blocked but aren't sure how - or even if - freedom is possible, I offer a blend of tools and knowledge, a process that stays true to your own process, but most importantly, my grounded presence, attuned intuition, and whole attention.
Are you feeling out of resources, stuck, alone, or like your goals are out of reach? Do you long for more self-acceptance, ease and joy in your body, your life, and this world? Do you want to strengthen your wise and loving parts and end self-sabotage? I'm here for all of it. If you feel blocked but aren't sure how - or even if - freedom is possible, I offer a blend of tools and knowledge, a process that stays true to your own process, but most importantly, my grounded presence, attuned intuition, and whole attention.
(540) 792-3589 View (540) 792-3589
Photo of Mackenzie Nelson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Crozet, VA
Mackenzie Nelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
I work with adolescents and adults who are seeking counseling services for a variety of reasons. Many of my clients have depressive, anxious, or disordered eating symptoms. Others are in life transitions or are seeking support with something such as athletic performance. I believe counseling can benefit everyone and collaborate with clients on individual goals. Together we reflect, build upon strengths, and apply new strategies to increase fulfillment. I am happy to meet at my office, via video, or outside for a walk.
I work with adolescents and adults who are seeking counseling services for a variety of reasons. Many of my clients have depressive, anxious, or disordered eating symptoms. Others are in life transitions or are seeking support with something such as athletic performance. I believe counseling can benefit everyone and collaborate with clients on individual goals. Together we reflect, build upon strengths, and apply new strategies to increase fulfillment. I am happy to meet at my office, via video, or outside for a walk.
View
Photo of Jesse Dice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Crozet, VA
Jesse Dice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia with 12 years of experience. I enjoy working with people at many stages of life, from teenagers to older adults. My goal as your therapist is to help you understand and gain the tools necessary to work through what you are experiencing be it depression, anxiety, grief, or stressful life transitions. I provide warmth, humor, advocacy and encouragement within the therapeutic relationship.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia with 12 years of experience. I enjoy working with people at many stages of life, from teenagers to older adults. My goal as your therapist is to help you understand and gain the tools necessary to work through what you are experiencing be it depression, anxiety, grief, or stressful life transitions. I provide warmth, humor, advocacy and encouragement within the therapeutic relationship.
(434) 202-4080 View (434) 202-4080
Photo of Pam Rule, Licensed Professional Counselor in Crozet, VA
Pam Rule
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, IWLC
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
It takes courage to begin therapy and the process may be daunting. I strive to create a nonjudgmental and compassionate space for my clients to feel safe to talk about their problems and process their thoughts and feelings. My approach is collaborative and strength-based, helping clients identify and achieve their goals - relationships, professional, or self growth.
It takes courage to begin therapy and the process may be daunting. I strive to create a nonjudgmental and compassionate space for my clients to feel safe to talk about their problems and process their thoughts and feelings. My approach is collaborative and strength-based, helping clients identify and achieve their goals - relationships, professional, or self growth.
(434) 374-7592 View (434) 374-7592
Photo of Rebecca Plesko-DuBois, Psychologist in Crozet, VA
Rebecca Plesko-DuBois
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932
I enjoy providing comprehensive assessment services designed to discover strengths, clarify the problem, identify supports and strategies, and connect people with resources. Psychological and multi-disciplinary testing is available for concerns about attention, behavior, relationships, social skills, mood, problem solving, cognitive functioning, learning, executive functioning, memory, independent living skills, and mental health. Reports and recommendations can be tailored for medical diagnosis, mental health intervention, educational planning, and/ or vocational planning. Testing services are offered for all ages.
I enjoy providing comprehensive assessment services designed to discover strengths, clarify the problem, identify supports and strategies, and connect people with resources. Psychological and multi-disciplinary testing is available for concerns about attention, behavior, relationships, social skills, mood, problem solving, cognitive functioning, learning, executive functioning, memory, independent living skills, and mental health. Reports and recommendations can be tailored for medical diagnosis, mental health intervention, educational planning, and/ or vocational planning. Testing services are offered for all ages.
(434) 305-1206 View (434) 305-1206
Photo of Lisa M Locke-Downer, Psychologist in Crozet, VA
Lisa M Locke-Downer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults who are experiencing difficulties such as anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, behavioral problems, and social concerns. I use a cognitive-behavioral treatment approach, with family and school consultation as important components of the treatment. Consultation with physicians, psychiatrists, and other treatment providers is also welcomed. I believe in using a collaborative problem-solving approach in which we work as a team to develop an intervention plan.
I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults who are experiencing difficulties such as anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, behavioral problems, and social concerns. I use a cognitive-behavioral treatment approach, with family and school consultation as important components of the treatment. Consultation with physicians, psychiatrists, and other treatment providers is also welcomed. I believe in using a collaborative problem-solving approach in which we work as a team to develop an intervention plan.
(434) 483-5210 View (434) 483-5210
Photo of Rachel Hoover, Marriage & Family Therapist in Crozet, VA
Rachel Hoover
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932
I provide therapy to teenagers, adults, and couples who have diverse reasons for seeking therapy, including mental health support, personal growth, and conflict and communication issues. I especially enjoy working with individuals who want support for managing anxiety, for navigating the significant life changes that come with adolescence, the transition to college, and young adulthood, and for developing self-esteem and more positive relationships with food, eating, and their body. My hope is that the work we do together will help you in better understanding yourself and feeling empowered to make meaningful changes in your life.
I provide therapy to teenagers, adults, and couples who have diverse reasons for seeking therapy, including mental health support, personal growth, and conflict and communication issues. I especially enjoy working with individuals who want support for managing anxiety, for navigating the significant life changes that come with adolescence, the transition to college, and young adulthood, and for developing self-esteem and more positive relationships with food, eating, and their body. My hope is that the work we do together will help you in better understanding yourself and feeling empowered to make meaningful changes in your life.
(757) 693-4708 View (757) 693-4708
Photo of Blue Ridge Counseling Connection, Licensed Professional Counselor in Crozet, VA
Blue Ridge Counseling Connection
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ASDCS, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932
Afton has experience working with individuals in the areas of anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, trauma, grief/loss and life transitions. Afton believes that every person is fully capable of change, growth and healing. Her work focuses on empowering clients to recognize their inner strengths and cultivate healthy mindsets. Afton integrates elements of cognitive behavior therapy and solution focused therapy to aid clients in challenging negative thought processes, setting goals and envisioning their future selves. She also uses mindfulness as a way to help clients explore their present situation and find joy and peace.
Afton has experience working with individuals in the areas of anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, trauma, grief/loss and life transitions. Afton believes that every person is fully capable of change, growth and healing. Her work focuses on empowering clients to recognize their inner strengths and cultivate healthy mindsets. Afton integrates elements of cognitive behavior therapy and solution focused therapy to aid clients in challenging negative thought processes, setting goals and envisioning their future selves. She also uses mindfulness as a way to help clients explore their present situation and find joy and peace.
(540) 709-8984 View (540) 709-8984
Photo of Tammy R Villines, Psychologist in Crozet, VA
Tammy R Villines
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
Dr. Villines is a licensed clinical psychologist who works with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. She received her doctorate degree in psychology (PsyD) in 2004 from the American School of Professional Psychology in Washington, D.C and completed pre- and postdoctoral training in community mental health centers and neuropsychological practices in the Washington, D.C. area. Dr. Villines conducts comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, evaluating individuals with complex medical, developmental, social-emotional, attentional, learning, and genetic related disorders.
Dr. Villines is a licensed clinical psychologist who works with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. She received her doctorate degree in psychology (PsyD) in 2004 from the American School of Professional Psychology in Washington, D.C and completed pre- and postdoctoral training in community mental health centers and neuropsychological practices in the Washington, D.C. area. Dr. Villines conducts comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, evaluating individuals with complex medical, developmental, social-emotional, attentional, learning, and genetic related disorders.
(540) 456-9612 View (540) 456-9612
Photo of Anne Oelrich, Pre-Licensed Professional in Crozet, VA
Anne Oelrich
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
Hi! I specialize in working with pre-teens, teens, and adults who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, ADHD, grief, body image, identity, sexuality and more. I have a special interest in working with members of the LGBTQ community. If you our your child is having a hard time with social pressure, adjusting to school or other transitions, sadness, managing daily stressors, and/or identity development, I would love to help.
Hi! I specialize in working with pre-teens, teens, and adults who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, ADHD, grief, body image, identity, sexuality and more. I have a special interest in working with members of the LGBTQ community. If you our your child is having a hard time with social pressure, adjusting to school or other transitions, sadness, managing daily stressors, and/or identity development, I would love to help.
(434) 204-5340 View (434) 204-5340
Photo of Adele Logan O'Keefe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Crozet, VA
Adele Logan O'Keefe
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, YTT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932  (Online Only)
My focus is building a trusting relationship to support reducing stress and anxiety, rediscovering your inner resilience and joy & healing unresolved pain from the past so that you can live more fully in the present. Through a collaborative process, my goal is to help you to cope with and recover from the unique stressors you face, to heal from unresolved tension or loss, and to experience your world and relationships with joy, fulfillment, and intention. I also provide clinical supervision for post-graduate counselors seeking licensure.
My focus is building a trusting relationship to support reducing stress and anxiety, rediscovering your inner resilience and joy & healing unresolved pain from the past so that you can live more fully in the present. Through a collaborative process, my goal is to help you to cope with and recover from the unique stressors you face, to heal from unresolved tension or loss, and to experience your world and relationships with joy, fulfillment, and intention. I also provide clinical supervision for post-graduate counselors seeking licensure.
(434) 270-0570 View (434) 270-0570
Photo of Christina Frank, Marriage & Family Therapist in Crozet, VA
Christina Frank
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
Teletherapy/In-Person Available. I own and run a private practice in Fairfax, VA- Fairfax Integrative Therapy. Using a strengths-based approach, I help individuals and couples achieve their internal and relational goals. I incorporate attachment based models to help clients build self-awareness as they address issues related to marital conflict, infidelity, difficult life transitions, personal insecurities, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I create a safe space through empathy, patience, and curiosity, while providing each individual and couple concrete strategies and clear feedback that becomes the foundation for lasting change.
Teletherapy/In-Person Available. I own and run a private practice in Fairfax, VA- Fairfax Integrative Therapy. Using a strengths-based approach, I help individuals and couples achieve their internal and relational goals. I incorporate attachment based models to help clients build self-awareness as they address issues related to marital conflict, infidelity, difficult life transitions, personal insecurities, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I create a safe space through empathy, patience, and curiosity, while providing each individual and couple concrete strategies and clear feedback that becomes the foundation for lasting change.
(571) 339-0446 View (571) 339-0446
Photo of Varinia Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Crozet, VA
Varinia Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
Not accepting new clients
I am a Trauma Informed-Bilingual clinician focused on providing mental health services to the local community. I have worked in the mental health field since 2011 through various agencies such: as Region Ten, ReadyKids, Albemarle County, Charlottesville City Schools, Mary Ainsworth Attachment Clinic, and The Women's Initiative. I have experience in treating adults, and teens with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, sexual abuse, attachment disorders, neglect, and immigration trauma.
I am a Trauma Informed-Bilingual clinician focused on providing mental health services to the local community. I have worked in the mental health field since 2011 through various agencies such: as Region Ten, ReadyKids, Albemarle County, Charlottesville City Schools, Mary Ainsworth Attachment Clinic, and The Women's Initiative. I have experience in treating adults, and teens with complex trauma, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, sexual abuse, attachment disorders, neglect, and immigration trauma.
(434) 423-5379 View (434) 423-5379
Photo of Anwar Taylor, Pre-Licensed Professional in Crozet, VA
Anwar Taylor
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932  (Online Only)
When we are in conflict, disconnection, or misunderstanding with a loved one, we all experience distress. Our protective strategies come alive- we shut down, criticize, go numb, or pursue for reconnection. We find ourselves in the same old dance, talking different relational languages we can’t seem to reconcile, having the same old fight. I help individuals, couples, and families talk about what is happening inside them, identify needs, and understand what is at the core of any recurring patterns. I make space for all the ways life has shaped each of you, how this impacts your interactions, and where the misses are taking place.
When we are in conflict, disconnection, or misunderstanding with a loved one, we all experience distress. Our protective strategies come alive- we shut down, criticize, go numb, or pursue for reconnection. We find ourselves in the same old dance, talking different relational languages we can’t seem to reconcile, having the same old fight. I help individuals, couples, and families talk about what is happening inside them, identify needs, and understand what is at the core of any recurring patterns. I make space for all the ways life has shaped each of you, how this impacts your interactions, and where the misses are taking place.
(571) 474-3049 View (571) 474-3049
Photo of Jen Patterson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Crozet, VA
Jen Patterson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
Some gentle reminders: It's not too late for you + Having feelings means you are human + Not everyone will understand you + You deserve to heal from the things that weren't your fault + You don't have to abandon yourself to be loved + Your sensitivity is a strength, not a flaw + You can (learn to) trust yourself (again). My therapy style is intuitive, imaginative, soulful, and authentic. I practice under the supervision of Lila Heymann, LCSW.
Some gentle reminders: It's not too late for you + Having feelings means you are human + Not everyone will understand you + You deserve to heal from the things that weren't your fault + You don't have to abandon yourself to be loved + Your sensitivity is a strength, not a flaw + You can (learn to) trust yourself (again). My therapy style is intuitive, imaginative, soulful, and authentic. I practice under the supervision of Lila Heymann, LCSW.
(434) 226-5028 View (434) 226-5028
Photo of Fairfax Integrative Therapy, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Crozet, VA
Fairfax Integrative Therapy, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932
We have current openings for family, couple, and individual (adult and child) therapy and for EMDR intensives. We are a collaborative practice of Licensed and Resident Marriage and Family Therapists. We come from a warm, direct approach aimed at helping our clients feel comfortable and safe while actively working to meet their goals. Our therapists work from a systemic, strength based approach to treat a variety of issues including mood struggles, relationship and conflict issues, anger management, behavioral issues, trauma, and parenting and family issues. We are licensed to treat clients in VA, DC, MD, NC, and NH.
We have current openings for family, couple, and individual (adult and child) therapy and for EMDR intensives. We are a collaborative practice of Licensed and Resident Marriage and Family Therapists. We come from a warm, direct approach aimed at helping our clients feel comfortable and safe while actively working to meet their goals. Our therapists work from a systemic, strength based approach to treat a variety of issues including mood struggles, relationship and conflict issues, anger management, behavioral issues, trauma, and parenting and family issues. We are licensed to treat clients in VA, DC, MD, NC, and NH.
(571) 223-6515 View (571) 223-6515
Photo of Christine E. Buckingham, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Crozet, VA
Christine E. Buckingham
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD, LCPC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
If your life is not working as well as you believe it should and you are willing to investigate why, you are my ideal client. You may be angry, depressed, anxious, or using food to deal with emotional pain. You may be reeling from the effects of childhood issues, abuse, or PTSD, or in such turmoil that you don't know what is real anymore. You may just need a sounding board. You may be struggling with aspects of your identity, or looking for a way to heal from infidelity, trauma, grief, or loss. We will explore that together.
If your life is not working as well as you believe it should and you are willing to investigate why, you are my ideal client. You may be angry, depressed, anxious, or using food to deal with emotional pain. You may be reeling from the effects of childhood issues, abuse, or PTSD, or in such turmoil that you don't know what is real anymore. You may just need a sounding board. You may be struggling with aspects of your identity, or looking for a way to heal from infidelity, trauma, grief, or loss. We will explore that together.
(240) 392-1292 View (240) 392-1292
Photo of Rebecca McIntyre Psychotherapy LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Crozet, VA
Rebecca McIntyre Psychotherapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
Crozet, VA 22932
Not accepting new clients
Rebecca is a licensed clinical social worker with extensive training and experience working with individuals, couples and families dealing with the challenges of mental health issues, and/or physical illness such as cancer. She has expertise working with anxiety, depression, ADHD (Adults and Children), trauma, dealing with serious illness, relationships, and grief and loss. Rebecca practices with a kind and gentle approach using proven strategies to help clients regain control and move forward with a focus on building resilience and overall healthy functioning.
Rebecca is a licensed clinical social worker with extensive training and experience working with individuals, couples and families dealing with the challenges of mental health issues, and/or physical illness such as cancer. She has expertise working with anxiety, depression, ADHD (Adults and Children), trauma, dealing with serious illness, relationships, and grief and loss. Rebecca practices with a kind and gentle approach using proven strategies to help clients regain control and move forward with a focus on building resilience and overall healthy functioning.
(434) 218-0654 View (434) 218-0654
Photo of Allison Splaun, Psychologist in Crozet, VA
Allison Splaun
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crozet, VA 22932
Finding a therapist who you feel comfortable with and supported by is key to any successful therapy. I work to develop a strong, trusting relationship with every client and design a treatment that is tailored to your needs. I enjoy working with a wide range of people struggling with many different issues, including relationship problems, anxiety, depression, grief, reactions to trauma, and child and adolescent problems, among other difficulties.
Finding a therapist who you feel comfortable with and supported by is key to any successful therapy. I work to develop a strong, trusting relationship with every client and design a treatment that is tailored to your needs. I enjoy working with a wide range of people struggling with many different issues, including relationship problems, anxiety, depression, grief, reactions to trauma, and child and adolescent problems, among other difficulties.
(434) 270-8235 View (434) 270-8235

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Crozet, VA

50+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Crozet, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Relationship Issues
85% Depression
80% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
73% Coping Skills
73% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
81% Anthem | Elevance
76% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Crozet, VA see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Crozet?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.