Therapists in Tulsa, OK

Photo of Dr. Paul K Shields, EdD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Paul K Shields
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74135
All of us, at some point in our lives, are going to experience a significant emotional struggle. Whether individual or relational, we all encounter sometimes brief, sometimes longer, periods where our struggle may begin to feel overwhelming. My practice is founded on treating clients with a comprehensive psychosocial approach. Most individuals realize medication can temporarily retard the progress of symptoms through symptom reduction. Alone, medication cannot resolve the personal issues associated with long term increases in quality of life. I believe my best professional strengths are an abiding respect for the individual coming into my office, and a reliable resource to explore, educate and inform persons about critical life issues.
All of us, at some point in our lives, are going to experience a significant emotional struggle. Whether individual or relational, we all encounter sometimes brief, sometimes longer, periods where our struggle may begin to feel overwhelming. My practice is founded on treating clients with a comprehensive psychosocial approach. Most individuals realize medication can temporarily retard the progress of symptoms through symptom reduction. Alone, medication cannot resolve the personal issues associated with long term increases in quality of life. I believe my best professional strengths are an abiding respect for the individual coming into my office, and a reliable resource to explore, educate and inform persons about critical life issues.
(539) 245-5183 View (539) 245-5183
Photo of Candice Lemaster, MS, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Candice Lemaster
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74135
Do you find yourself carrying wounds from past experiences that impact your present life and relationships? Are you feeling stuck in life, whether it's in their career, personal growth, or emotional well-being, or struggling to connect with and process your emotions effectively? As a dedicated trauma therapist, I bring a unique and holistic perspective to the healing journey. With a passion for integrating mind, body, and spirit, I empower individuals to navigate the path towards wholeness and resilience.
Do you find yourself carrying wounds from past experiences that impact your present life and relationships? Are you feeling stuck in life, whether it's in their career, personal growth, or emotional well-being, or struggling to connect with and process your emotions effectively? As a dedicated trauma therapist, I bring a unique and holistic perspective to the healing journey. With a passion for integrating mind, body, and spirit, I empower individuals to navigate the path towards wholeness and resilience.
(918) 205-2408 View (918) 205-2408
Photo of Rose Reynolds-Cox, BA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rose Reynolds-Cox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74105
I've been working with children, adults and families from all backgrounds for over 20 years. My ideal client is anyone who is motivated to seek solutions to their problems. Much of my experience has been working with trauma survivors including sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse, and domestic violence. My passion is supporting my clients to discover their own resilience and personal strengths that have served them through the challenges in their lives.
I've been working with children, adults and families from all backgrounds for over 20 years. My ideal client is anyone who is motivated to seek solutions to their problems. Much of my experience has been working with trauma survivors including sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse, and domestic violence. My passion is supporting my clients to discover their own resilience and personal strengths that have served them through the challenges in their lives.
(918) 205-6941 View (918) 205-6941
Photo of Julie Garrett, MSW, LCSW, CH, BAS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Garrett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CH, BAS
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74135
My goal in counseling is to create a comfortable and trusting environment to explore areas of life that are challenging, stressful or ineffective. My style is compassionate, encouraging and motivating. Through individual oriented services that utilize research-validated treatment approaches, I strive to empower clients to increase self-worth and gain new insights of possible solutions. My focus is on the client's experience and assisting each person to achieve their goals. Treatment is confidential, person-centered and strength based.
My goal in counseling is to create a comfortable and trusting environment to explore areas of life that are challenging, stressful or ineffective. My style is compassionate, encouraging and motivating. Through individual oriented services that utilize research-validated treatment approaches, I strive to empower clients to increase self-worth and gain new insights of possible solutions. My focus is on the client's experience and assisting each person to achieve their goals. Treatment is confidential, person-centered and strength based.
(918) 417-1599 View (918) 417-1599
Photo of Kk Sanchez, MS, LPC, Counselor
Kk Sanchez
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74120
Hello there! My name is KK Sanchez and I work as an LPC for A New Way Center. You deserve to be thriving in your life, not just surviving. I am a firm believer that as humans, our basic need is to be connected to others and to feel heard and understood. You are not meant to do this thing called life alone, and I am here to tag along for the ride to help you heal from past and present traumas, face anxieties, and let you share your story.
Hello there! My name is KK Sanchez and I work as an LPC for A New Way Center. You deserve to be thriving in your life, not just surviving. I am a firm believer that as humans, our basic need is to be connected to others and to feel heard and understood. You are not meant to do this thing called life alone, and I am here to tag along for the ride to help you heal from past and present traumas, face anxieties, and let you share your story.
(918) 376-7222 View (918) 376-7222
Photo of Karen Lacy, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Lacy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
Accepting new clients with immediate openings in-person and remote! Therapy is about you, your self-defined goals, your perspective, and your experience. I believe you already have what you need inside to be successful in your healing journey. I see myself as a guide and holder-of-hope to identify, navigate, and remove the barriers that prevent peace and joy. I enjoy working with a wide range of presenting concerns, and I have expertise in treating teens, trauma, mood disorders, anxiety, and LGBTQ clients. I will guide our sessions with a strengths-based, person-centered, inclusive perspective.
Accepting new clients with immediate openings in-person and remote! Therapy is about you, your self-defined goals, your perspective, and your experience. I believe you already have what you need inside to be successful in your healing journey. I see myself as a guide and holder-of-hope to identify, navigate, and remove the barriers that prevent peace and joy. I enjoy working with a wide range of presenting concerns, and I have expertise in treating teens, trauma, mood disorders, anxiety, and LGBTQ clients. I will guide our sessions with a strengths-based, person-centered, inclusive perspective.
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
Photo of Mary Arena, MS, LPC-C, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mary Arena
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74119
Looking for help can be the most excruciating part of recovery. If you’re here, you have already made the brave step of deciding you want to get better. Whether you’re battling anxiety, depression, stress, or issues in relationships, I am here to guide you through life’s complex emotions and support you on your journey towards healing.
Looking for help can be the most excruciating part of recovery. If you’re here, you have already made the brave step of deciding you want to get better. Whether you’re battling anxiety, depression, stress, or issues in relationships, I am here to guide you through life’s complex emotions and support you on your journey towards healing.
(918) 601-5071 View (918) 601-5071
Photo of Jennifer K Fuller, LPC-S, LMHC, CMHC, NCC, SEP
Jennifer K Fuller
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LPC-S, LMHC, CMHC, NCC, SEP
Verified Verified
Online Only
In my practice I value wellness for the mind and body. A comfortable and safe environment is my priority as we work towards meaningful personal and relational changes together. I will come alongside you to guide you towards connection, growth, and embodiment. I have extensive education in stress and trauma treatments and women's and children's issues, and my experience over the last 13+ years is in connecting with clients from diverse backgrounds, cultures, identities, experiences, and locations. I currently live in OK (Osage, Cherokee, and Muscogee nations) with my husband and family. I work with those in NY, UT, CO, FL, SC and OK.
In my practice I value wellness for the mind and body. A comfortable and safe environment is my priority as we work towards meaningful personal and relational changes together. I will come alongside you to guide you towards connection, growth, and embodiment. I have extensive education in stress and trauma treatments and women's and children's issues, and my experience over the last 13+ years is in connecting with clients from diverse backgrounds, cultures, identities, experiences, and locations. I currently live in OK (Osage, Cherokee, and Muscogee nations) with my husband and family. I work with those in NY, UT, CO, FL, SC and OK.
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Photo of Sally Sullivan, MA, LPC-C, LMFT-C
Sally Sullivan
LPC Candidate, MA, LPC-C, LMFT-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74136
My first career was in education. I taught school while my husband and I raised our two sons. I hold a Master's Degree in Professional Counseling with a concentration in Marriage and Family Therapy. I enjoy working with people of all ages with a variety of issues such as relationship challenges, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder. I lead support and psychoeducational groups for families affected by autism as well as provide relational skills coaching for children, teens, and adults with ASD and social anxiety.
My first career was in education. I taught school while my husband and I raised our two sons. I hold a Master's Degree in Professional Counseling with a concentration in Marriage and Family Therapy. I enjoy working with people of all ages with a variety of issues such as relationship challenges, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder. I lead support and psychoeducational groups for families affected by autism as well as provide relational skills coaching for children, teens, and adults with ASD and social anxiety.
(918) 480-2032 x110 View (918) 480-2032 x110
Photo of Tate Freeman, LPC, Counselor
Tate Freeman
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74105
As an LGBTQ+ specialist, I help clients be their authentic selves while navigating complex issues, like state legislation that impacts my trans clients. Seeking therapy can be a hard choice. I work with many clients who are terrified to take a step in any direction and are not sure where to start. By helping you see your authentic self and providing an objective perspective, we can begin your journey toward a better place.
As an LGBTQ+ specialist, I help clients be their authentic selves while navigating complex issues, like state legislation that impacts my trans clients. Seeking therapy can be a hard choice. I work with many clients who are terrified to take a step in any direction and are not sure where to start. By helping you see your authentic self and providing an objective perspective, we can begin your journey toward a better place.
(918) 265-1142 x4 View (918) 265-1142 x4
Photo of Jacquyn Renee Cleary, LPC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jacquyn Renee Cleary
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74119
If you want to change or grow, this is the place. As a therapist I will work to earn your trust. When you bring openness, honesty and motivation to work, there is no limit to what you can achieve.You will experience an open,warm environment where you will be welcomed, accepted and encouraged to be the best you can be.Treatment specialties are focused around relationship and marital issues, women's issues, panic, anxiety and depression. It is also important to know that I am solutions oriented in my approach and I work to help the client define their goals and strategies to achieve their goals within a reasonable time frame.
If you want to change or grow, this is the place. As a therapist I will work to earn your trust. When you bring openness, honesty and motivation to work, there is no limit to what you can achieve.You will experience an open,warm environment where you will be welcomed, accepted and encouraged to be the best you can be.Treatment specialties are focused around relationship and marital issues, women's issues, panic, anxiety and depression. It is also important to know that I am solutions oriented in my approach and I work to help the client define their goals and strategies to achieve their goals within a reasonable time frame.
(918) 221-0401 View (918) 221-0401
Photo of Katrina Mondragon - Katrina Mondragon, PLLC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katrina Mondragon, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74114
It's hard to be strong for everyone all the time. You feel life is pulling in too many directions and there is no time to just stop and breathe. Your thoughts won't even shut up long enough to get some sleep. Life wasn't always this hard, but you may not even remember the last time something was actually fun. Feeling broken and beaten by the world is exhausting. It may seem hopeless now, but you haven't met me yet.
It's hard to be strong for everyone all the time. You feel life is pulling in too many directions and there is no time to just stop and breathe. Your thoughts won't even shut up long enough to get some sleep. Life wasn't always this hard, but you may not even remember the last time something was actually fun. Feeling broken and beaten by the world is exhausting. It may seem hopeless now, but you haven't met me yet.
(539) 202-7245 View (539) 202-7245
Photo of Piper Shaw, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Piper Shaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74136
Waitlist for new clients
We all have hiccups in life and situations that knock us down. It takes a lot of strength and courage to reach out for help. If you have stumbled upon this page and are tired of feeling the way you do, I want to help you find wholeness. If you are at a place in life where you wonder what happened and how you got to where you are, I want to help you find your happiness.
We all have hiccups in life and situations that knock us down. It takes a lot of strength and courage to reach out for help. If you have stumbled upon this page and are tired of feeling the way you do, I want to help you find wholeness. If you are at a place in life where you wonder what happened and how you got to where you are, I want to help you find your happiness.
(918) 262-4536 View (918) 262-4536
Photo of Sara Hughes, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sara Hughes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74105
Every person needs to feel understood, and is empowered by their capacity to understand. My approach to therapy emphasizes the pursuit of understanding as key to growth and connection, and essential for meaningful change. Understanding yourself and your own thoughts, feelings, actions, motives, beliefs, and values empowers you to live a meaningful and deliberate life, on YOUR terms. Understanding others adds to this foundation by strengthening your ability to connect and cultivate healthy relationships. My passion is fostering understanding to help clients cope with adversity and thrive in all facets of life.
Every person needs to feel understood, and is empowered by their capacity to understand. My approach to therapy emphasizes the pursuit of understanding as key to growth and connection, and essential for meaningful change. Understanding yourself and your own thoughts, feelings, actions, motives, beliefs, and values empowers you to live a meaningful and deliberate life, on YOUR terms. Understanding others adds to this foundation by strengthening your ability to connect and cultivate healthy relationships. My passion is fostering understanding to help clients cope with adversity and thrive in all facets of life.
(539) 209-4184 View (539) 209-4184
Photo of Alice Bonifield, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alice Bonifield
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74133
Life throws us many unexpected difficulties. We often experience the biggest challenges during life transitions such as adolescence, going off to college, dating, marriage, job stress, raising our own children, and many more. Being an adult of any age can be full of strong and sometimes unfamiliar emotions. I want to help you navigate through these feelings to be the best version of you possible.
Life throws us many unexpected difficulties. We often experience the biggest challenges during life transitions such as adolescence, going off to college, dating, marriage, job stress, raising our own children, and many more. Being an adult of any age can be full of strong and sometimes unfamiliar emotions. I want to help you navigate through these feelings to be the best version of you possible.
(918) 393-3602 View (918) 393-3602
Photo of Laura Prosser, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura Prosser
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74105
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy is about learning and exploring how you want to exist in the world. It can be a place for healing, growth, or self discovery so that you may live with peace and confidence. Many things get in the way of you being your most authentic self. These obstacles are often rooted in fear, shame, anger, and hopelessness, as well as systems of oppression and other external stressors. My hope is that as we share space, you will feel seen and known and you will begin to uncover and embrace parts of yourself that have been hidden or dormant. As you move beyond the barriers that have kept you stuck, new growth can occur.
Therapy is about learning and exploring how you want to exist in the world. It can be a place for healing, growth, or self discovery so that you may live with peace and confidence. Many things get in the way of you being your most authentic self. These obstacles are often rooted in fear, shame, anger, and hopelessness, as well as systems of oppression and other external stressors. My hope is that as we share space, you will feel seen and known and you will begin to uncover and embrace parts of yourself that have been hidden or dormant. As you move beyond the barriers that have kept you stuck, new growth can occur.
(918) 238-7748 View (918) 238-7748
Photo of Germaine Mikhail, EdD, MA, MDiv, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Germaine Mikhail
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, MA, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tulsa, OK 74133
We all need a place to put our guard down, feel safe, and process life's challenges. I believe in the therapeutic process and compassionately challenging my clients to face difficulties while having my support. My joy is to help you identify or rediscover your purpose, reprocess past traumas, enjoy singleness, overcome depression, break-ups, and other obstacles. I hope to help you form healthy relationships via pre-engagement and pre-marital, marital, family, and peer relationships counseling. I have a "soft spot" for seeing international, and grad students succeed while maintaining a healthy balance and staying culturally relevant.
We all need a place to put our guard down, feel safe, and process life's challenges. I believe in the therapeutic process and compassionately challenging my clients to face difficulties while having my support. My joy is to help you identify or rediscover your purpose, reprocess past traumas, enjoy singleness, overcome depression, break-ups, and other obstacles. I hope to help you form healthy relationships via pre-engagement and pre-marital, marital, family, and peer relationships counseling. I have a "soft spot" for seeing international, and grad students succeed while maintaining a healthy balance and staying culturally relevant.
(539) 233-4233 View (539) 233-4233
Photo of Heather Sisson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Sisson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tulsa, OK 74133
Now Accepting New Clients. You've been struggling with overwhelming emotions, often feeling hopeless about finding stability. These emotions crash over you like relentless ocean waves, leaving you struggling to catch your breath. Perhaps you've been reacting with anger or turning to substances such as drugs, alcohol, or food, and it feels like things could spiral out of control. However, you are greater than your trauma, depression, anxiety, and negative thoughts.
Now Accepting New Clients. You've been struggling with overwhelming emotions, often feeling hopeless about finding stability. These emotions crash over you like relentless ocean waves, leaving you struggling to catch your breath. Perhaps you've been reacting with anger or turning to substances such as drugs, alcohol, or food, and it feels like things could spiral out of control. However, you are greater than your trauma, depression, anxiety, and negative thoughts.
(918) 900-1511 View (918) 900-1511
Photo of Madison Brooks, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Madison Brooks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Only the present moment is real. The pressures of daily life can often remove us from the here and now. This is especially true when we are burdened by past painful experiences. Life is difficult to manage when we are stuck clinging to the past or consistently worried about the future. Becoming aware of how we are experiencing the world is the first goal, and the second is bringing the body and brain into balance. I am passionate about helping individuals who have experienced trauma, find relief. I will support those experiencing family/life stress in finding harmony. I am honored to help you find joy on the other side of suffering.
Only the present moment is real. The pressures of daily life can often remove us from the here and now. This is especially true when we are burdened by past painful experiences. Life is difficult to manage when we are stuck clinging to the past or consistently worried about the future. Becoming aware of how we are experiencing the world is the first goal, and the second is bringing the body and brain into balance. I am passionate about helping individuals who have experienced trauma, find relief. I will support those experiencing family/life stress in finding harmony. I am honored to help you find joy on the other side of suffering.
(918) 262-5278 View (918) 262-5278
Photo of Jordie Smith, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jordie Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Let’s be honest, choosing a therapist that you can connect with, provides culturally competent counseling, is knowledgable, affordable, and just get’s IT, is tough. I’ve been there and now you’re here. I’m Jordie a mother, wife, daughter, sister, cousin, friend and most importantly a dedicated therapist. I'm here to assist you if you are questioning whether or not you are a good mother or how to manage depression and anxiety after baby comes. Maybe you are a couple looking to improve your relationship. I'm here to assist you in exploring and helping you maintain your identity and to help you cope with your current life challenges.
Let’s be honest, choosing a therapist that you can connect with, provides culturally competent counseling, is knowledgable, affordable, and just get’s IT, is tough. I’ve been there and now you’re here. I’m Jordie a mother, wife, daughter, sister, cousin, friend and most importantly a dedicated therapist. I'm here to assist you if you are questioning whether or not you are a good mother or how to manage depression and anxiety after baby comes. Maybe you are a couple looking to improve your relationship. I'm here to assist you in exploring and helping you maintain your identity and to help you cope with your current life challenges.
(947) 282-9979 View (947) 282-9979
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tulsa, OK

700+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Tulsa, OK who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Trauma and PTSD
74% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Aetna

How Therapists in Tulsa, OK see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tulsa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.