Therapists in Westlake, OH

Photo of Clare Geither, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Clare Geither
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Childhood and young adulthood can be a time of incredible change and growth. Alongside these changes, many children and teens experience anxiety, depression, stressors and even trauma that can impact their well-being as well as your family unit. When you or your child are struggling to cope, it can feel overwhelming to take the first step and reach out for help. As a licensed social worker, I have worked with families and children, young adults, and adults. I can help you or your loved ones go from a place of frustration and sadness to healing and growth.
Childhood and young adulthood can be a time of incredible change and growth. Alongside these changes, many children and teens experience anxiety, depression, stressors and even trauma that can impact their well-being as well as your family unit. When you or your child are struggling to cope, it can feel overwhelming to take the first step and reach out for help. As a licensed social worker, I have worked with families and children, young adults, and adults. I can help you or your loved ones go from a place of frustration and sadness to healing and growth.
(440) 689-2760 View (440) 689-2760
Photo of Liz O'Donnell, Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S , PT, MHC, FL
Liz O'Donnell
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S , PT, MHC, FL
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I am a PhD level professional clinical counselor, physical therapist, certified professional coach and (RYT), with expertise in individual, group, and relationship therapy licensed in OH and FL. I have been working with infertility for 25+ years and a neonatal developmental specialist. I am a member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and co- founder of Dare2Care, a Cleveland based LGBTQ focused anti-bullying organization, now an embedded program of the Cleveland Leadership Center. I have significant experience working with grief, loss and relationship betrayal and approach this work from a trauma model.
I am a PhD level professional clinical counselor, physical therapist, certified professional coach and (RYT), with expertise in individual, group, and relationship therapy licensed in OH and FL. I have been working with infertility for 25+ years and a neonatal developmental specialist. I am a member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and co- founder of Dare2Care, a Cleveland based LGBTQ focused anti-bullying organization, now an embedded program of the Cleveland Leadership Center. I have significant experience working with grief, loss and relationship betrayal and approach this work from a trauma model.
(440) 336-8870 View (440) 336-8870
Photo of Deborah Koricke, Psychologist, PhD
Deborah Koricke
Psychologist, PhD
Westlake, OH 44145
The people who come to see me for help get my compassion, understanding and good judgment. Often, what is required is someone to talk with, who will pay attention and listen objectively, and then communicate that understanding in a way that is helpful. I like to give my clients practical ideas that can help enhance the conduct of their lives. I also think that by talking things out with an experienced professional, my clients gain the courage to take control of their lives and make the (sometimes difficult) choices they know they need to make.
The people who come to see me for help get my compassion, understanding and good judgment. Often, what is required is someone to talk with, who will pay attention and listen objectively, and then communicate that understanding in a way that is helpful. I like to give my clients practical ideas that can help enhance the conduct of their lives. I also think that by talking things out with an experienced professional, my clients gain the courage to take control of their lives and make the (sometimes difficult) choices they know they need to make.
(440) 276-3462 View (440) 276-3462
Photo of Suzanne J Smith, Psychologist, PhD
Suzanne J Smith
Psychologist, PhD
Westlake, OH 44145
Seeking psychotherapy is a brave step toward emotional wellness. And choosing the right provider for you is essential for success. As a Clinical Psychologist, I utilize a wealth of research supported interventions which I personalize depending on your specific needs and style. I work with individuals and couples to achieve their personal goals of psychological wellness and healthy relationships. My mission is to help each person take meaningful steps toward emotional health and learn specific skills to maintain these gains long after therapy ends.
Seeking psychotherapy is a brave step toward emotional wellness. And choosing the right provider for you is essential for success. As a Clinical Psychologist, I utilize a wealth of research supported interventions which I personalize depending on your specific needs and style. I work with individuals and couples to achieve their personal goals of psychological wellness and healthy relationships. My mission is to help each person take meaningful steps toward emotional health and learn specific skills to maintain these gains long after therapy ends.
(216) 930-2463 View (216) 930-2463
Photo of Grace Mullen, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Grace Mullen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Everyone has mental health and deserves to have a space to learn, grow, and access coping skills in their own mental health journey. I believe that everyone is the expert of their own lives and as a counselor, it is important to work as a team with my clients to reach their own mental health and wellness goals. I believe that all feelings are valid and it is important not only to have these feelings validated by others, but that it is also important to be able to validate our own feelings as well.
Everyone has mental health and deserves to have a space to learn, grow, and access coping skills in their own mental health journey. I believe that everyone is the expert of their own lives and as a counselor, it is important to work as a team with my clients to reach their own mental health and wellness goals. I believe that all feelings are valid and it is important not only to have these feelings validated by others, but that it is also important to be able to validate our own feelings as well.
(440) 276-3701 View (440) 276-3701
Photo of Alexis Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC, NCC
Alexis Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
As an ADHD girly I know what its like to feel like you don't belong. Whether you or your loved one is navigating anxiety, self-doubt, family conflict, or the pressure to "have it all figured out," you're not alone. I specialize in helping teenagers, young adults, & adults like you find clarity, build resilience, & create meaningful connections! You might feel like no one truly understands what you're going through, or that life feels too overwhelming to manage on your own. I see you. I hear you. & I’m here to help! We serve in person in Westlake, Ohio and all of greater Cleveland and Virtually for all of Ohio, Colorado and Florida.
As an ADHD girly I know what its like to feel like you don't belong. Whether you or your loved one is navigating anxiety, self-doubt, family conflict, or the pressure to "have it all figured out," you're not alone. I specialize in helping teenagers, young adults, & adults like you find clarity, build resilience, & create meaningful connections! You might feel like no one truly understands what you're going through, or that life feels too overwhelming to manage on your own. I see you. I hear you. & I’m here to help! We serve in person in Westlake, Ohio and all of greater Cleveland and Virtually for all of Ohio, Colorado and Florida.
(720) 759-2345 View (720) 759-2345
Photo of Charlene Hogue, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Charlene Hogue
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Westlake, OH 44145
Many women experience emotional challenges that manifest as anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues. These symptoms may appear suddenly or over time in response to a major life occurrence. My niche clinical practice focuses on women's issues- particularly within the areas of loss and grief, physical and sexual trauma, and maternal mental health. My experience as a grief and trauma therapist also services women who experience emotional and behavioral issues in response to miscarriage, infertility, postpartum depression, and other women’s issues that involve mood disorders, anxiety and decreased relationship satisfaction.
Many women experience emotional challenges that manifest as anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues. These symptoms may appear suddenly or over time in response to a major life occurrence. My niche clinical practice focuses on women's issues- particularly within the areas of loss and grief, physical and sexual trauma, and maternal mental health. My experience as a grief and trauma therapist also services women who experience emotional and behavioral issues in response to miscarriage, infertility, postpartum depression, and other women’s issues that involve mood disorders, anxiety and decreased relationship satisfaction.
(216) 677-0529 View (216) 677-0529
Photo of Leah Schilling - Beyond Healthcare - Westlake, OH, LPCC-S
Beyond Healthcare - Westlake, OH
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
Offering Virtual Medication Management for ages 5 and up, call today! At Beyond Healthcare, we offer our mental health therapeutic group services: full day: Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) and after school: Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) for school aged youth 11-18 years old. We also offer a Community Based Program for individuals ages 6-60; includes case management and care coordination! We have immediate availability for all programs!
Offering Virtual Medication Management for ages 5 and up, call today! At Beyond Healthcare, we offer our mental health therapeutic group services: full day: Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) and after school: Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) for school aged youth 11-18 years old. We also offer a Community Based Program for individuals ages 6-60; includes case management and care coordination! We have immediate availability for all programs!
(330) 574-8647 View (330) 574-8647
Photo of Jennifer Gibbs, Counselor, LPCC-S
Jennifer Gibbs
Counselor, LPCC-S
3 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Does your brain ever feel like it just won’t hit pause—spinning with what ifs, replaying every conversation, or trying to plan out every little detail so nothing goes wrong? Maybe you’re a young woman trying to stay grounded while life keeps shifting, or an adolescent feeling the weight of school, sports, and everything else on your plate. It’s exhausting, isn’t it? You don’t have to carry all of that by yourself. Therapy with me isn’t about “fixing” you—because you’re not broken. It’s about giving yourself permission to slow down, get curious, and discover how to feel more confident, and connected to your truest self.
Does your brain ever feel like it just won’t hit pause—spinning with what ifs, replaying every conversation, or trying to plan out every little detail so nothing goes wrong? Maybe you’re a young woman trying to stay grounded while life keeps shifting, or an adolescent feeling the weight of school, sports, and everything else on your plate. It’s exhausting, isn’t it? You don’t have to carry all of that by yourself. Therapy with me isn’t about “fixing” you—because you’re not broken. It’s about giving yourself permission to slow down, get curious, and discover how to feel more confident, and connected to your truest self.
(440) 693-3669 View (440) 693-3669
Photo of Tara Pierce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Tara Pierce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Westlake, OH 44145
I’m best positioned to serve clients who are ready to take that first courageous step toward change. With a broad foundation of experience working with teens, adults, and the elder population, I understand the unique challenges and strengths across life stages. I work especially well with individuals who are open to self-reflection, willing to challenge old patterns, and curious about viewing their experiences through a new lens. Together, we create a space for growth, resilience, and meaningful transformation.
I’m best positioned to serve clients who are ready to take that first courageous step toward change. With a broad foundation of experience working with teens, adults, and the elder population, I understand the unique challenges and strengths across life stages. I work especially well with individuals who are open to self-reflection, willing to challenge old patterns, and curious about viewing their experiences through a new lens. Together, we create a space for growth, resilience, and meaningful transformation.
(440) 522-9810 View (440) 522-9810
Photo of Emmett Drugan, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, CDCA, NCC
Emmett Drugan
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, CDCA, NCC
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Waitlist for new clients
No matter how strong we are, sometimes life can throw some pretty tough challenges at us. Mental health issues can have different sources that can be addressed in sessions. You may need help dealing with the past, struggling with the present, or worried about the future; figuring out or coming to terms with your sexuality/gender or coming out to family/friends; or dealing with the stress of daily life or transitions, work/school, or systemic issues. Each of your issues, needs, and goals are valid and can be addressed on your terms. You deserve it!
No matter how strong we are, sometimes life can throw some pretty tough challenges at us. Mental health issues can have different sources that can be addressed in sessions. You may need help dealing with the past, struggling with the present, or worried about the future; figuring out or coming to terms with your sexuality/gender or coming out to family/friends; or dealing with the stress of daily life or transitions, work/school, or systemic issues. Each of your issues, needs, and goals are valid and can be addressed on your terms. You deserve it!
(234) 204-4322 View (234) 204-4322
Photo of Therese Potocki, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Therese Potocki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Welcome. Are you seeking support to help you through your current challenges? Change often begins the moment you feel safe enough to speak about what you're going through. Everyone's experience is different; I meet you with genuine compassion, concern and the belief that change is absolutely possible. Together, we'll explore what you're facing and work toward practical, realistic solutions that fit your life.
Welcome. Are you seeking support to help you through your current challenges? Change often begins the moment you feel safe enough to speak about what you're going through. Everyone's experience is different; I meet you with genuine compassion, concern and the belief that change is absolutely possible. Together, we'll explore what you're facing and work toward practical, realistic solutions that fit your life.
(216) 350-0332 View (216) 350-0332
Photo of Lizzie Hartland, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Lizzie Hartland
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
So happy you are here! I’m Lizzie, LPC, and I'm here to help if you are feeling overwhelmed, stuck or disconnected from yourself and your relationships. If you’ve been managing anxiety, depression, have a history of trauma, are navigating ADHD, life transitions, or relationship struggles, you do not have to figure this out all on your own. Prior to becoming a therapist, I worked in the corporate world for almost a decade. Part of the reason I became a therapist is because I had such transformative experiences of my own. It truly changed my life and I am very passionate about this work and helping others!
So happy you are here! I’m Lizzie, LPC, and I'm here to help if you are feeling overwhelmed, stuck or disconnected from yourself and your relationships. If you’ve been managing anxiety, depression, have a history of trauma, are navigating ADHD, life transitions, or relationship struggles, you do not have to figure this out all on your own. Prior to becoming a therapist, I worked in the corporate world for almost a decade. Part of the reason I became a therapist is because I had such transformative experiences of my own. It truly changed my life and I am very passionate about this work and helping others!
(440) 276-5867 View (440) 276-5867
Photo of Jeyran Shahgaldiyeva, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S, LISCW
Jeyran Shahgaldiyeva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S, LISCW
Westlake, OH 44145
Hello! Thank you for beginning this journey. My name is Jeyran, I am a clinical therapist credentialed to provide services in OH, MA and FL. I work with people that experience symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety, are coping grief and loss, dealing with dramatic life changes, have sleeping disorders and other mental health disturbances. My imperative is to treat everyone with respect, sensitivity, and true compassion. Throughout our interactions I will tailor our dialog to identify your personal goals and meet your unique and specific needs.
Hello! Thank you for beginning this journey. My name is Jeyran, I am a clinical therapist credentialed to provide services in OH, MA and FL. I work with people that experience symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety, are coping grief and loss, dealing with dramatic life changes, have sleeping disorders and other mental health disturbances. My imperative is to treat everyone with respect, sensitivity, and true compassion. Throughout our interactions I will tailor our dialog to identify your personal goals and meet your unique and specific needs.
(440) 291-2597 View (440) 291-2597
Photo of Bess Kaple, Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Bess Kaple
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am passionate about supporting individuals through grief and loss, chronic illness and pain, and LGBTQ+ experiences. I seek to provide an empathetic, supportive space and utilize a trauma informed and disability justice-informed lens. I incorporate CBT, mindfulness, self-compassion, and acceptance work in my practice. I am a licensed social worker (LMSW) who holds a graduate certificate in Gerontology. I have also trained in hospice, which has given me specific skills in working with and understanding experiences with end-of-life, long-term care, caregiver fatigue, and navigating the impact of change.
Hello! I am passionate about supporting individuals through grief and loss, chronic illness and pain, and LGBTQ+ experiences. I seek to provide an empathetic, supportive space and utilize a trauma informed and disability justice-informed lens. I incorporate CBT, mindfulness, self-compassion, and acceptance work in my practice. I am a licensed social worker (LMSW) who holds a graduate certificate in Gerontology. I have also trained in hospice, which has given me specific skills in working with and understanding experiences with end-of-life, long-term care, caregiver fatigue, and navigating the impact of change.
(440) 298-2901 View (440) 298-2901
Photo of Michael Crowdes, MA, LPCC-S
Michael Crowdes
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Therapy provides a structured way to work through challenges and build practical skills for navigating life’s complexities. I work with individuals managing ADHD, mood disorders, life transitions, relationship struggles, and grief.
Therapy provides a structured way to work through challenges and build practical skills for navigating life’s complexities. I work with individuals managing ADHD, mood disorders, life transitions, relationship struggles, and grief.
(216) 677-1514 View (216) 677-1514
Photo of Jordan Oberholtzer, Counselor, LPC
Jordan Oberholtzer
Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Motherhood, anxiety, and healing from the past—oh my! Whether you're a new parent drowning in sleepless nights, working through childhood wounds, or just trying to manage the chaos of life, I’m here to help. My approach is warm, direct, and rooted in somatic work to help you actually feel better, not just talk about it. Bonus: if you love dogs, we’ll probably get along just fine. Let’s do this together!
Motherhood, anxiety, and healing from the past—oh my! Whether you're a new parent drowning in sleepless nights, working through childhood wounds, or just trying to manage the chaos of life, I’m here to help. My approach is warm, direct, and rooted in somatic work to help you actually feel better, not just talk about it. Bonus: if you love dogs, we’ll probably get along just fine. Let’s do this together!
(440) 616-9645 View (440) 616-9645
Photo of Lauren McGowan - Ellie Mental Health Cleveland-Westlake, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Ellie Mental Health Cleveland-Westlake
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Westlake, OH 44145
Hi! I am Lauren McGowan, Clinical Director at Ellie Mental Health, our mission is to compassionately transform the culture of mental health care by providing creative solutions that make wellness accessible in every community. We understand that opening up about your mental health—especially with someone new—can feel intimidating. That’s why we do everything we can to make each Ellie appointment as comfortable, welcoming, and even fun as possible.
Hi! I am Lauren McGowan, Clinical Director at Ellie Mental Health, our mission is to compassionately transform the culture of mental health care by providing creative solutions that make wellness accessible in every community. We understand that opening up about your mental health—especially with someone new—can feel intimidating. That’s why we do everything we can to make each Ellie appointment as comfortable, welcoming, and even fun as possible.
(440) 529-2871 View (440) 529-2871
Photo of Joseph Januzzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Joseph Januzzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Westlake, OH 44145
As a dual-licensed mental health therapist and psychologist, I have dedicated my career to supporting individuals across the lifespan, from children as young as 3 years old to older adults. With an extensive history of working with diverse populations, I specialize in helping youth and their families navigate challenges by offering holistic support across home, school, and community settings. Additionally, I work closely with adults and couples, guiding them through whatever challenges life brings.
As a dual-licensed mental health therapist and psychologist, I have dedicated my career to supporting individuals across the lifespan, from children as young as 3 years old to older adults. With an extensive history of working with diverse populations, I specialize in helping youth and their families navigate challenges by offering holistic support across home, school, and community settings. Additionally, I work closely with adults and couples, guiding them through whatever challenges life brings.
(440) 588-2703 View (440) 588-2703
Photo of Anne Elizabeth Raleigh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Anne Elizabeth Raleigh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
4 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker in Ohio and the Owner of Impact Counseling Solutions, certified in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). I earned my Master of Science in Social Administration from Case Western Reserve University and have experience supporting adults with severe mental illness in hospital and outpatient settings. I provide diagnostic assessment and therapy for individuals and couples. My clinical focus includes mood disorders, trauma-related conditions, and personality disorders. I also offer couples counseling to help partners strengthen their relationships.
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker in Ohio and the Owner of Impact Counseling Solutions, certified in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). I earned my Master of Science in Social Administration from Case Western Reserve University and have experience supporting adults with severe mental illness in hospital and outpatient settings. I provide diagnostic assessment and therapy for individuals and couples. My clinical focus includes mood disorders, trauma-related conditions, and personality disorders. I also offer couples counseling to help partners strengthen their relationships.
(440) 482-8238 View (440) 482-8238

See more therapy options for Westlake

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Westlake, OH

200+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Westlake, OH who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
78% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
91% Medical Mutual
82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Westlake, OH see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Westlake?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.