Therapists in Southwyck, Toledo, OH

Photo of Denyse Randell-Reeves, Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Denyse Randell-Reeves
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
1 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Greetings, I'm Denyse Randell-Reeves, a mental health professional committed to guiding individuals through life's challenging times. I focus on providing compassionate and effective therapy services specifically tailored to your individual needs. As a therapist, I bring over 20 years of experience in supporting clients with a variety of mental health concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues and more. I aim to create a safe space to share and express your feelings without judgment.
Greetings, I'm Denyse Randell-Reeves, a mental health professional committed to guiding individuals through life's challenging times. I focus on providing compassionate and effective therapy services specifically tailored to your individual needs. As a therapist, I bring over 20 years of experience in supporting clients with a variety of mental health concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues and more. I aim to create a safe space to share and express your feelings without judgment.
(567) 349-5220 View (567) 349-5220
Photo of Leigh Pinkelman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Leigh Pinkelman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Hey there! This is your friendly neighborhood Gothippie Therapist!I believe in creating a space where you feel truly seen, heard, and safe to show up as you are. Maybe you're overwhelmed by anxiety, weighed down by chronic illness, or moving through a life transition that’s shaken your sense of self. Maybe you’re exhausted from constantly masking or carrying shame that was never yours. As a therapist with Autism and ADHD, I get it, you want support that feels real, compassionate, and grounded in understanding—not judgment. You want to feel like yourself again, or maybe find out who that even is. That’s where we start.
Hey there! This is your friendly neighborhood Gothippie Therapist!I believe in creating a space where you feel truly seen, heard, and safe to show up as you are. Maybe you're overwhelmed by anxiety, weighed down by chronic illness, or moving through a life transition that’s shaken your sense of self. Maybe you’re exhausted from constantly masking or carrying shame that was never yours. As a therapist with Autism and ADHD, I get it, you want support that feels real, compassionate, and grounded in understanding—not judgment. You want to feel like yourself again, or maybe find out who that even is. That’s where we start.
(567) 772-2366 View (567) 772-2366
Photo of LaShanna Denise Alfred - U Change Counseling and Consulting, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
U Change Counseling and Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Helping you overcome life difficulties and reach your full potential is the mission of U Change. We provide various therapies and a safe environment to help you reach your goals. U Change staff are a group of individuals that have faced some major life issues and now have the experience and the education to help you reach your goals.
Helping you overcome life difficulties and reach your full potential is the mission of U Change. We provide various therapies and a safe environment to help you reach your goals. U Change staff are a group of individuals that have faced some major life issues and now have the experience and the education to help you reach your goals.
(567) 236-8358 View (567) 236-8358
Photo of Rakeia Roundtree, Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Rakeia Roundtree
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Navigating life’s challenges, such as emotional, behavioral, or developmental difficulties, can feel exhausting and isolating, but you or your child don’t have to do it alone. I work with individuals of all ages, and I’m especially passionate about supporting children, adolescents, and individuals with developmental disabilities. My approach integrates mindfulness and play-based techniques with practical behavioral strategies to support emotional regulation, self-esteem, and social skill development. I specialize in helping clients manage behavior issues, build coping skills, and develop the tools they need to thrive.
Navigating life’s challenges, such as emotional, behavioral, or developmental difficulties, can feel exhausting and isolating, but you or your child don’t have to do it alone. I work with individuals of all ages, and I’m especially passionate about supporting children, adolescents, and individuals with developmental disabilities. My approach integrates mindfulness and play-based techniques with practical behavioral strategies to support emotional regulation, self-esteem, and social skill development. I specialize in helping clients manage behavior issues, build coping skills, and develop the tools they need to thrive.
(567) 347-2353 View (567) 347-2353
Photo of Scott Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CDCA
Scott Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CDCA
1 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
I help people work through addiction, stress, mental health struggles, and the day-to-day challenges that can feel overwhelming. I’ve spent years working with clients from all walks of life, and one thing I know for sure is this: change happens when people feel supported, understood, and empowered—not judged.
I help people work through addiction, stress, mental health struggles, and the day-to-day challenges that can feel overwhelming. I’ve spent years working with clients from all walks of life, and one thing I know for sure is this: change happens when people feel supported, understood, and empowered—not judged.
(567) 485-3875 View (567) 485-3875
Photo of Emma Rice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Emma Rice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
1 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Life can feel heavy at times, especially when you’re carrying experiences that have shaped you in ways you didn’t choose. I believe no one should have to navigate those moments alone. My therapeutic approach is grounded in compassion, empowerment, and genuine connection, and I strive to meet clients where they are. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where individuals of all ages can process their experiences, gain insight, and move toward healing. I have extensive experience working with children and teens in the foster care system, as well as supporting families through challenging life transitions.
Life can feel heavy at times, especially when you’re carrying experiences that have shaped you in ways you didn’t choose. I believe no one should have to navigate those moments alone. My therapeutic approach is grounded in compassion, empowerment, and genuine connection, and I strive to meet clients where they are. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where individuals of all ages can process their experiences, gain insight, and move toward healing. I have extensive experience working with children and teens in the foster care system, as well as supporting families through challenging life transitions.
(567) 323-5291 View (567) 323-5291
Photo of Cj Fagan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Cj Fagan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
It’s time to take the mask off and let the world see who you really are—because who you are is more than enough.-CJ I became a counselor to help people shed the masks they’ve been wearing, step into their truth, and navigate life’s challenges with confidence and purpose. Specializing in adolescents and adults, I am deeply passionate about helping clients manage anxiety, depression, trauma, and self-identity concerns—but my work is not limited to these areas. I believe every individual deserves a space to explore their emotions and find clarity on their journey toward healing and growth.
It’s time to take the mask off and let the world see who you really are—because who you are is more than enough.-CJ I became a counselor to help people shed the masks they’ve been wearing, step into their truth, and navigate life’s challenges with confidence and purpose. Specializing in adolescents and adults, I am deeply passionate about helping clients manage anxiety, depression, trauma, and self-identity concerns—but my work is not limited to these areas. I believe every individual deserves a space to explore their emotions and find clarity on their journey toward healing and growth.
(567) 364-1602 View (567) 364-1602
Photo of Michelle Williams, Licensed Independent Social Worker, MEd, MSW, LISW
Michelle Williams
Licensed Independent Social Worker, MEd, MSW, LISW
1 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
With over 28 years in the field, I’ve had the joy of connecting with amazing individuals from all walks of life, each with their own unique stories to share. My passion lies in personalizing support that fits you just right! Together, we’ll create a collaborative atmosphere where you feel empowered and truly understood. Let’s explore your journey and celebrate your strengths!
With over 28 years in the field, I’ve had the joy of connecting with amazing individuals from all walks of life, each with their own unique stories to share. My passion lies in personalizing support that fits you just right! Together, we’ll create a collaborative atmosphere where you feel empowered and truly understood. Let’s explore your journey and celebrate your strengths!
(567) 472-2144 View (567) 472-2144
Photo of Rachelle Dunno, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Rachelle Dunno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
1 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Lately you're lucky to make it through a whole day without, at least once, daydreaming about quitting your job, ending your relationship, and starting over in a new state. You don't remember life, work, and relationships being this hard. Plus, now you're experiencing guilt because of these thoughts! You used to enjoy these parts of your life and found real meaning and deep value from them. You can't remember when everything changed and it seems impossible to get back to that place where you felt excited about the day, felt heard and understood, confident, and hopeful. I know you're struggling, but I also see you haven't given up.
Lately you're lucky to make it through a whole day without, at least once, daydreaming about quitting your job, ending your relationship, and starting over in a new state. You don't remember life, work, and relationships being this hard. Plus, now you're experiencing guilt because of these thoughts! You used to enjoy these parts of your life and found real meaning and deep value from them. You can't remember when everything changed and it seems impossible to get back to that place where you felt excited about the day, felt heard and understood, confident, and hopeful. I know you're struggling, but I also see you haven't given up.
(567) 405-2525 View (567) 405-2525
Photo of Tamille Thomas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tamille Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Life is full of changes and challenges that can leave us feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or even depressed. Navigating these moments can be difficult—and sometimes, we need a little support. If this sounds like you, I’m here to help. Mental health is a vital part of our daily functioning, and you don’t have to face these struggles alone. I am committed to walking with you on your journey, providing a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for growth and healing. Let’s work together to help you live your best life. As a therapist, I believe in the importance of treating the whole person.
Life is full of changes and challenges that can leave us feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or even depressed. Navigating these moments can be difficult—and sometimes, we need a little support. If this sounds like you, I’m here to help. Mental health is a vital part of our daily functioning, and you don’t have to face these struggles alone. I am committed to walking with you on your journey, providing a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for growth and healing. Let’s work together to help you live your best life. As a therapist, I believe in the importance of treating the whole person.
(567) 292-1635 View (567) 292-1635
Photo of Lacey L Schroeder - Inspiring Wellness, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Inspiring Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
4 Endorsed
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Our therapeutic approach is holistic, and client centered. We work with clients of all ages. We work together with clients to improve many areas of their lives, and to improve their overall mental health and wellness. We are an open-minded practice that treats all genders, religions, orientations, races, and cultures. Our goal is to provide a comfortable, judgement-free space.
Our therapeutic approach is holistic, and client centered. We work with clients of all ages. We work together with clients to improve many areas of their lives, and to improve their overall mental health and wellness. We are an open-minded practice that treats all genders, religions, orientations, races, and cultures. Our goal is to provide a comfortable, judgement-free space.
(567) 407-4354 View (567) 407-4354
Photo of Megan Purcell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MS, LISW-S, LCSW
Megan Purcell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MS, LISW-S, LCSW
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges? I assist adults healing from narcissistic abuse, navigating a major life transition, or struggling with anxiety, depression, burnout, or an overall sense of discontentment. Many people come to therapy feeling exhausted, uncertain, or stuck. In our work together, I provide a compassionate, safe space where you can begin to find healing, gain clarity, and deepen your understanding. You don’t have to face these challenges by yourself. I’m here to support you every step of the way as you move toward a more balanced and fulfilling life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges? I assist adults healing from narcissistic abuse, navigating a major life transition, or struggling with anxiety, depression, burnout, or an overall sense of discontentment. Many people come to therapy feeling exhausted, uncertain, or stuck. In our work together, I provide a compassionate, safe space where you can begin to find healing, gain clarity, and deepen your understanding. You don’t have to face these challenges by yourself. I’m here to support you every step of the way as you move toward a more balanced and fulfilling life.
(419) 517-1860 View (419) 517-1860
Photo of Kevin E Anderson - Kevin Anderson, Ph.D., Psychologist, PhD
Kevin Anderson, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Southwyck, Toledo, OH 43614
Not accepting new clients
I do individual and couple therapy. I am often a good fit for clients who want to integrate a spiritual perspective into therapy. By spiritual I mean living authentically, finding deep purpose, forgiving oneself and others, having compassion for yourself and others in the face of life's inevitable challenges, and seeing the sacred in the ordinary. I work with people of different faiths and those with no particular belief. I mix creativity, humor, and metaphors into therapy and encourage "daily practice for the rest of your life" to keep growth going long after therapy concludes. Check out some videos about my approach on my website.
I do individual and couple therapy. I am often a good fit for clients who want to integrate a spiritual perspective into therapy. By spiritual I mean living authentically, finding deep purpose, forgiving oneself and others, having compassion for yourself and others in the face of life's inevitable challenges, and seeing the sacred in the ordinary. I work with people of different faiths and those with no particular belief. I mix creativity, humor, and metaphors into therapy and encourage "daily practice for the rest of your life" to keep growth going long after therapy concludes. Check out some videos about my approach on my website.
(419) 785-8645 View (419) 785-8645

Online Therapists

Photo of Tanya M. Purcell, Counselor, LPCC-S
Tanya M. Purcell
Counselor, LPCC-S
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
Teens do not always have the words to express emotions or stress. I am here to help. Helping your teen includes treatment for the whole family. Teens face dilemmas, which can present with difficult behaviors with frustrated parents. Traumatic events in today's world and internet use creates feelings of being overwhelmed. I also work with neurological disorders including Autism, ADHD, and others. I work with children as young as 10 years old and families to provide parenting techniques. Adults also are facing new challenges in today's world. Let's face them together.
Teens do not always have the words to express emotions or stress. I am here to help. Helping your teen includes treatment for the whole family. Teens face dilemmas, which can present with difficult behaviors with frustrated parents. Traumatic events in today's world and internet use creates feelings of being overwhelmed. I also work with neurological disorders including Autism, ADHD, and others. I work with children as young as 10 years old and families to provide parenting techniques. Adults also are facing new challenges in today's world. Let's face them together.
(419) 513-8722 View (419) 513-8722
Photo of Stephanie Marie Bell West, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Stephanie Marie Bell West
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Toledo, OH 43615
I truly believe that seeking help is a sign of courage and strength. It is this inherent strength displayed by those struggling that inspires me to do what I love; help my clients turn that strength and courage into inner peace. I enjoy working with people, helping them discover the things within themselves and their lives causing their distress and guiding them on a journey to reshape their perceptions, emotions, and reactions to achieve that inner peace. It is my sincere belief that learning how to manage your mental health is a life altering experience, improving your quality of life and promoting harmony.
I truly believe that seeking help is a sign of courage and strength. It is this inherent strength displayed by those struggling that inspires me to do what I love; help my clients turn that strength and courage into inner peace. I enjoy working with people, helping them discover the things within themselves and their lives causing their distress and guiding them on a journey to reshape their perceptions, emotions, and reactions to achieve that inner peace. It is my sincere belief that learning how to manage your mental health is a life altering experience, improving your quality of life and promoting harmony.
(419) 314-3663 View (419) 314-3663
Photo of Sara Whiteside, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Sara Whiteside
Counselor, MA, LPCC
3 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
Exploring our thoughts and emotions can be an intimidating journey, but I hope to provide you with a calming, understanding, and encouraging environment to make this experience as fulfilling as possible. Everyone around me inspires me, including my clients. As a clinician, I feel privileged to witness my clients journeys. I am motivated by others and the world around me and I let this positive energy direct me as a clinical mental health counselor. I draw from previous clinical experiences, which include working with victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, and those struggling with significant trauma responses.
Exploring our thoughts and emotions can be an intimidating journey, but I hope to provide you with a calming, understanding, and encouraging environment to make this experience as fulfilling as possible. Everyone around me inspires me, including my clients. As a clinician, I feel privileged to witness my clients journeys. I am motivated by others and the world around me and I let this positive energy direct me as a clinical mental health counselor. I draw from previous clinical experiences, which include working with victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, and those struggling with significant trauma responses.
(419) 752-9392 View (419) 752-9392
Photo of Robert Louis Closs, Psychologist, PhD
Robert Louis Closs
Psychologist, PhD
Toledo, OH 43617
Many of my clients suffer from relational distress, depression, anxiety, alcoholism and other compulsions. My PhD is in Clinical Psychology and I have a Master's in Marriage and Family Therapy. I was licensed, taught and practiced Psychology in Queensland, Australia for over six years. Working for a major university I supervised and taught advanced students. I am licensed in Ohio as a Psychologist where I have also held Supervising Chemical Dependency Counselor certification. At 22 I began my career as a geriatric counselor; now at 73 years, I am intimately familiar with the challenges of aging. We are LGBTQIA plus friendly.
Many of my clients suffer from relational distress, depression, anxiety, alcoholism and other compulsions. My PhD is in Clinical Psychology and I have a Master's in Marriage and Family Therapy. I was licensed, taught and practiced Psychology in Queensland, Australia for over six years. Working for a major university I supervised and taught advanced students. I am licensed in Ohio as a Psychologist where I have also held Supervising Chemical Dependency Counselor certification. At 22 I began my career as a geriatric counselor; now at 73 years, I am intimately familiar with the challenges of aging. We are LGBTQIA plus friendly.
(567) 320-1315 View (567) 320-1315
Photo of LaDonna Knabbs, Licensed Social Worker, MA, MSW, LSW
LaDonna Knabbs
Licensed Social Worker, MA, MSW, LSW
Toledo, OH 43607
Life can feel overwhelming when you’ve spent years being strong for everyone else. If you’re a woman who is exhausted, overextended, or silently carrying the weight of trauma, grief, or unmet expectations—you’re not alone, and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. I am a Licensed Social Worker with extensive experience supporting individuals and families through trauma, life transitions, grief and loss, mood disorders, and emotional overwhelm. I specialize in working with women—particularly Black women—who struggle with stress, burnout, identity fatigue, and the pressure to “hold it all together,” even when they are running on
Life can feel overwhelming when you’ve spent years being strong for everyone else. If you’re a woman who is exhausted, overextended, or silently carrying the weight of trauma, grief, or unmet expectations—you’re not alone, and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. I am a Licensed Social Worker with extensive experience supporting individuals and families through trauma, life transitions, grief and loss, mood disorders, and emotional overwhelm. I specialize in working with women—particularly Black women—who struggle with stress, burnout, identity fatigue, and the pressure to “hold it all together,” even when they are running on
(419) 664-3292 View (419) 664-3292
Photo of Jonelle Massey, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, NBCC
Jonelle Massey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, NBCC
Toledo, OH 43615
Jonelle and her team assist athletes, retired athletes, administrators, educators and coaches competing against depression, anxiety and combined pressures of life and performance. 20% of our clientele does not have a sports background but insists on working with us through their grief and pressures of managing life.
Jonelle and her team assist athletes, retired athletes, administrators, educators and coaches competing against depression, anxiety and combined pressures of life and performance. 20% of our clientele does not have a sports background but insists on working with us through their grief and pressures of managing life.
(419) 792-2029 View (419) 792-2029
Photo of Lorran Upchurch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Lorran Upchurch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
2 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
Depression, trauma, and uncontrollable fear/anxiety can wreak havoc on your life and make it challenging to even complete ordinary tasks. But, with a renewed perspective, problems solved, eliminated barriers, and hope I will help you identify and overcome the issues standing in your way. I offer a relaxing and safe environment where we will find a unique, personalized way to achieve your goals. I use a blend of techniques from various therapeutic approaches.
Depression, trauma, and uncontrollable fear/anxiety can wreak havoc on your life and make it challenging to even complete ordinary tasks. But, with a renewed perspective, problems solved, eliminated barriers, and hope I will help you identify and overcome the issues standing in your way. I offer a relaxing and safe environment where we will find a unique, personalized way to achieve your goals. I use a blend of techniques from various therapeutic approaches.
(419) 518-5272 View (419) 518-5272

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Southwyck, Toledo, OH

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Southwyck, Toledo, OH who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
92% Depression
92% Trauma and PTSD
85% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
62% ADHD

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
92% Molina Healthcare
92% Paramount

How Therapists in Southwyck, Toledo, OH see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Southwyck, Toledo?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.