Therapists in Sylvania, OH

Photo of Tabatha Walford, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLPC
Tabatha Walford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLPC
2 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
Hello! My name is Tabatha. I am a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor in Michigan and Ohio and I would be excited to work with you! I enjoy working with ADHD/ Autism, relationship concerns and grief. I use a warm and collaborative style in order to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can be your genuine self and explore your emotions and experiences. You can expect me to support you in developing resilience and rediscovering your strengths as you work through your personal concerns. My goal is to create an environment where you feel heard, safe, and empowered to take the steps that will help you heal and grow.
Hello! My name is Tabatha. I am a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor in Michigan and Ohio and I would be excited to work with you! I enjoy working with ADHD/ Autism, relationship concerns and grief. I use a warm and collaborative style in order to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can be your genuine self and explore your emotions and experiences. You can expect me to support you in developing resilience and rediscovering your strengths as you work through your personal concerns. My goal is to create an environment where you feel heard, safe, and empowered to take the steps that will help you heal and grow.
(419) 314-4686 View (419) 314-4686
Photo of Elai Freed, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Elai Freed
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Sylvania, OH 43560
So you find yourself scrolling through lists of therapists. Welcome! What brings you here today? Maybe life stressors have become too much, and you’d like some extra support. Maybe you’re scared or angry or numb and you don’t know what else to do. Maybe you’re looking for a safe space to finally process through those major life events. I would be happy to help. Let's see if we're a good fit. The idea of healing and living authentically can be intimidating, especially when we might struggle to find a space where we feel safe and supported. But you don’t have to do this alone. You just have to put one foot in front of the other.
So you find yourself scrolling through lists of therapists. Welcome! What brings you here today? Maybe life stressors have become too much, and you’d like some extra support. Maybe you’re scared or angry or numb and you don’t know what else to do. Maybe you’re looking for a safe space to finally process through those major life events. I would be happy to help. Let's see if we're a good fit. The idea of healing and living authentically can be intimidating, especially when we might struggle to find a space where we feel safe and supported. But you don’t have to do this alone. You just have to put one foot in front of the other.
(419) 963-3408 View (419) 963-3408
Photo of Amy Koziarski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Amy Koziarski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Sylvania, OH 43560
I am an EMDR/EMDR 2.0 therapist and Approved Consultant dedicated to helping you heal. Whether you're dealing with child loss, religious trauma, childhood maltreatment, sexual abuse, or other traumas I can help! First responders (ands many others) benefit from the 2.0 recent event protocol and the rapid healing it offers. Reach out to start your journey towards recovery through tailored hourly or intensive EMDR sessions. Let's work together to achieve the peace and resilience you deserve.
I am an EMDR/EMDR 2.0 therapist and Approved Consultant dedicated to helping you heal. Whether you're dealing with child loss, religious trauma, childhood maltreatment, sexual abuse, or other traumas I can help! First responders (ands many others) benefit from the 2.0 recent event protocol and the rapid healing it offers. Reach out to start your journey towards recovery through tailored hourly or intensive EMDR sessions. Let's work together to achieve the peace and resilience you deserve.
(419) 871-9632 View (419) 871-9632
Photo of Rose A Cousino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Rose A Cousino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Sylvania, OH 43560
Whether you're dealing with an issue that recently began or have been suffering over time, you don't need to go through it on your own. I would be happy to help you navigate from how things are, to how you would like them to be. I look forward to working with you in my calm, supportive and non-judgmental environment.
Whether you're dealing with an issue that recently began or have been suffering over time, you don't need to go through it on your own. I would be happy to help you navigate from how things are, to how you would like them to be. I look forward to working with you in my calm, supportive and non-judgmental environment.
(419) 987-4183 View (419) 987-4183
Photo of Lindsay Gregorin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Lindsay Gregorin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
1 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
Accepting clients for Monday afternoons,Thursdays or biweekly Saturday appointments. My goal as a trauma therapist is to provide an environment where you can be your true, authentic self. I want my clients to feel comfortable with the therapeutic process so they can start exploring their core needs and begin their healing journey. I have 13 years of experience with mental health, substance use, crisis intervention and chronic physical health issues. I utilize a holistic approach to tailor sessions specifically to your individual needs. I've been trained in EMDR since 2021 and earned my masters degree in social work from BGSU.
Accepting clients for Monday afternoons,Thursdays or biweekly Saturday appointments. My goal as a trauma therapist is to provide an environment where you can be your true, authentic self. I want my clients to feel comfortable with the therapeutic process so they can start exploring their core needs and begin their healing journey. I have 13 years of experience with mental health, substance use, crisis intervention and chronic physical health issues. I utilize a holistic approach to tailor sessions specifically to your individual needs. I've been trained in EMDR since 2021 and earned my masters degree in social work from BGSU.
(419) 406-4723 View (419) 406-4723
Photo of Diana Lynn Theiss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, PhD
Diana Lynn Theiss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, PhD
Sylvania, OH 43560
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be hard and sometimes we need help. Some challenges develop over time and then reach a crisis point. Work stress, anxiety, parenting and discipline problems, or marital problems are examples of these. Some of us must cope with long-term conditions or problems, like trauma, depression, or loss. I am here to bring my educational background, personal insight, compassion, and problem-solving skills to work with you on the issues or problems that are interfering with your happiness and quality of life.
Life can be hard and sometimes we need help. Some challenges develop over time and then reach a crisis point. Work stress, anxiety, parenting and discipline problems, or marital problems are examples of these. Some of us must cope with long-term conditions or problems, like trauma, depression, or loss. I am here to bring my educational background, personal insight, compassion, and problem-solving skills to work with you on the issues or problems that are interfering with your happiness and quality of life.
(419) 318-1894 View (419) 318-1894
Photo of Rebecca Neeley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Rebecca Neeley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Sylvania, OH 43560
Hello, I am a compassionate and dedicated licensed social worker (LSW) with a master's degree in social work (MSW) and specialized training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). With over a decade of experience, I have devoted my career to supporting individuals facing addiction and mental health concerns. Having been personally connected to the first responder community as the spouse of a retired law enforcement officer, I can empathize with the unique challenges and stressors that this population often faces. I also briefly served in the military and come from a family of military veterans.
Hello, I am a compassionate and dedicated licensed social worker (LSW) with a master's degree in social work (MSW) and specialized training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). With over a decade of experience, I have devoted my career to supporting individuals facing addiction and mental health concerns. Having been personally connected to the first responder community as the spouse of a retired law enforcement officer, I can empathize with the unique challenges and stressors that this population often faces. I also briefly served in the military and come from a family of military veterans.
(419) 912-5208 x13 View (419) 912-5208 x13
Photo of Allison Kuhr, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Allison Kuhr
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor licensed in both Ohio and Michigan specializing in treating trauma, perinatal mental health (mental health needs that arise during and after pregnancy) and working with the LGBTQ+ population. I am certified in EMDR therapy and am also a registered dance/movement therapist.
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor licensed in both Ohio and Michigan specializing in treating trauma, perinatal mental health (mental health needs that arise during and after pregnancy) and working with the LGBTQ+ population. I am certified in EMDR therapy and am also a registered dance/movement therapist.
(419) 326-8045 View (419) 326-8045
Photo of Paul J Haslinger, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Paul J Haslinger
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Sylvania, OH 43560
Hello! Between work, life, and trying to eat a vegetable once in a while, balance can be tricky. My focus is to provide a laid back, kind and judgement free environment for individuals so that they can feel comfortable in counseling. Whether you are coming to counseling for the first time or returning to counseling, I find it is important for clients to feel calm and respected in their journey so that they can begin to heal.
Hello! Between work, life, and trying to eat a vegetable once in a while, balance can be tricky. My focus is to provide a laid back, kind and judgement free environment for individuals so that they can feel comfortable in counseling. Whether you are coming to counseling for the first time or returning to counseling, I find it is important for clients to feel calm and respected in their journey so that they can begin to heal.
(567) 320-1378 View (567) 320-1378
Photo of Caitlin Keener, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Caitlin Keener
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Sylvania, OH 43560
Warm, accepting, inclusive, and practical. These are the words that best describe my therapeutic style. I’m a licensed master’s level social worker with 11 years of experience supporting children, adolescents/ teens, and adults through mental health challenges, school stressors, and crisis situations. I value genuine connection, careful listening, and helping clients recognize their strengths. I foster a comfortable space by connecting with their interests and ensuring transparency in confidentiality to build trust.
Warm, accepting, inclusive, and practical. These are the words that best describe my therapeutic style. I’m a licensed master’s level social worker with 11 years of experience supporting children, adolescents/ teens, and adults through mental health challenges, school stressors, and crisis situations. I value genuine connection, careful listening, and helping clients recognize their strengths. I foster a comfortable space by connecting with their interests and ensuring transparency in confidentiality to build trust.
(419) 827-3474 View (419) 827-3474
Photo of Riann Tippett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Riann Tippett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
1 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
Not accepting new clients
Hi there, I'm Riann, and I believe each person has a unique and powerful voice. I am passionate about meeting my clients within their unique experiences and to further develop a clearer understanding of themselves. All people deserve unconditional acceptance, compassion, and empathy, and this sits at the heart of my work as a therapist. My clients appreciate the ability to connect with me in real way; my direct and compassionate approach, laced with a little dark humor, tend to come through in sessions. Throughout this journey, you have me as your guide. When healing gets hard, we will laugh (and maybe cry) together.
Hi there, I'm Riann, and I believe each person has a unique and powerful voice. I am passionate about meeting my clients within their unique experiences and to further develop a clearer understanding of themselves. All people deserve unconditional acceptance, compassion, and empathy, and this sits at the heart of my work as a therapist. My clients appreciate the ability to connect with me in real way; my direct and compassionate approach, laced with a little dark humor, tend to come through in sessions. Throughout this journey, you have me as your guide. When healing gets hard, we will laugh (and maybe cry) together.
(419) 869-3810 View (419) 869-3810
Photo of Genevieve Livecchi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Genevieve Livecchi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
2 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am a licensed therapist with 6+ years of experience working with mental health and addiction recovery for older teens and adults. I believe that healing past wounds creates new foundations for growth. I prioritize progress over perfection and I believe direction is more important than speed. If you find that you have a difficult time with perfectionism, control, verbalizing your emotions or needs, vulnerability, relaxation without guilt, high expectations/pressure, and making connections with other people then I might be a good fit to walk with you through your journey.
Hello! I am a licensed therapist with 6+ years of experience working with mental health and addiction recovery for older teens and adults. I believe that healing past wounds creates new foundations for growth. I prioritize progress over perfection and I believe direction is more important than speed. If you find that you have a difficult time with perfectionism, control, verbalizing your emotions or needs, vulnerability, relaxation without guilt, high expectations/pressure, and making connections with other people then I might be a good fit to walk with you through your journey.
(419) 670-7585 View (419) 670-7585
Photo of Breanna DeSandro, Counselor, LPCC, CTRS
Breanna DeSandro
Counselor, LPCC, CTRS
1 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I am honored to be a part of your healing journey. I recognize this takes a leap of faith and courage to venture out onto this path. However, I am committed to providing a warm, genuine, honest, and safe atmosphere, to foster vulnerability and healing. I believe all human beings have inherent worth, thus I am passionate about helping you recognize your worth and developing the ability to embrace all the parts of yourself. My goal as a therapist is to empower you, develop emotional intelligence, and process through memories that keep you stuck and prevent you from living your best life.
Hello! I am honored to be a part of your healing journey. I recognize this takes a leap of faith and courage to venture out onto this path. However, I am committed to providing a warm, genuine, honest, and safe atmosphere, to foster vulnerability and healing. I believe all human beings have inherent worth, thus I am passionate about helping you recognize your worth and developing the ability to embrace all the parts of yourself. My goal as a therapist is to empower you, develop emotional intelligence, and process through memories that keep you stuck and prevent you from living your best life.
(419) 757-3920 View (419) 757-3920
Sandra Kay Cox
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LICDC
Sylvania, OH 43560
Being anxious and down can make us feel stuck causing us to miss out on the joys of life. Sometimes we end up holding grudges, isolating from others, being angry or anxious the majority of the time, and possibly using substances to cope.
Being anxious and down can make us feel stuck causing us to miss out on the joys of life. Sometimes we end up holding grudges, isolating from others, being angry or anxious the majority of the time, and possibly using substances to cope.
(419) 670-6212 View (419) 670-6212
Photo of Ross Chaban, Counselor, LPCC-SC, LICDC-C, OCPC, PC
Ross Chaban
Counselor, LPCC-SC, LICDC-C, OCPC, PC
1 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
I assist individuals, couples and families to address the challenges life provides. You will receive specialized individual attention. No longer do you have to "go it alone" or settle for what has been traditionally available. I will help you get well, and stay well, so you can live the life you have always hoped to have. I specialize in the following: Relationship Challenges: Are you experiencing poor communication with your spouse or children? Have you been affected by an affair, divorce, death of a loved one...? I can help you achieve the home and personal life you desire.
I assist individuals, couples and families to address the challenges life provides. You will receive specialized individual attention. No longer do you have to "go it alone" or settle for what has been traditionally available. I will help you get well, and stay well, so you can live the life you have always hoped to have. I specialize in the following: Relationship Challenges: Are you experiencing poor communication with your spouse or children? Have you been affected by an affair, divorce, death of a loved one...? I can help you achieve the home and personal life you desire.
(419) 580-1034 View (419) 580-1034
Photo of Alexa J Adkins, Counselor, MA, LPCC, LICDC
Alexa J Adkins
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LICDC
1 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
When a person is truly dedicated on working towards change, healing, and growth; amazing things can happen. I understand how difficult it can be to reach out for help, but mental health needs to be a priority - you deserve it. As a therapist, I am strongly dedicated to breaking stigma and normalizing mental health treatment. Whether you are going through a difficult transition, struggling with a substance use or mental health issue, or just working on becoming a happier and more stable version of yourself: I would be privileged to assist you on your journey. My client criteria is simple: be open, be willing, and trust the process.
When a person is truly dedicated on working towards change, healing, and growth; amazing things can happen. I understand how difficult it can be to reach out for help, but mental health needs to be a priority - you deserve it. As a therapist, I am strongly dedicated to breaking stigma and normalizing mental health treatment. Whether you are going through a difficult transition, struggling with a substance use or mental health issue, or just working on becoming a happier and more stable version of yourself: I would be privileged to assist you on your journey. My client criteria is simple: be open, be willing, and trust the process.
(567) 278-9259 View (567) 278-9259
Photo of Tionna M Jackson, Licensed Social Worker, MSSA, LSW
Tionna M Jackson
Licensed Social Worker, MSSA, LSW
1 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
I'm a Masters level social worker with eighteen years' experience in helping individuals and families. I am deeply passionate about fostering healing and growth in individuals from all walks of life. Come as you are. Everyone deserves a safe and non-judgmental space to navigate life's challenges and cultivate well-being. We start where you want to. Whether you are facing stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or navigating complex personal histories, I am here to listen, support, and empower you on your journey towards greater mental and emotional health.
I'm a Masters level social worker with eighteen years' experience in helping individuals and families. I am deeply passionate about fostering healing and growth in individuals from all walks of life. Come as you are. Everyone deserves a safe and non-judgmental space to navigate life's challenges and cultivate well-being. We start where you want to. Whether you are facing stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or navigating complex personal histories, I am here to listen, support, and empower you on your journey towards greater mental and emotional health.
(419) 407-6426 View (419) 407-6426
Photo of Kristin Harris, Psychologist, PhD
Kristin Harris
Psychologist, PhD
Sylvania, OH 43560
Life’s too damn short to just keep surviving day-to-day. If you look like you have it all together on the outside but feel yourself falling apart on the inside, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to keep going through the motions. Maybe you’re wrestling with constant anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, or burnout behind that put-together exterior. It might feel like you’re stuck in overdrive, always taking care of everyone else and barely keeping your head above water. I’m here to tell you it doesn’t have to stay that way. You deserve more than just getting by—let’s get you unstuck and back to truly living.
Life’s too damn short to just keep surviving day-to-day. If you look like you have it all together on the outside but feel yourself falling apart on the inside, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to keep going through the motions. Maybe you’re wrestling with constant anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, or burnout behind that put-together exterior. It might feel like you’re stuck in overdrive, always taking care of everyone else and barely keeping your head above water. I’m here to tell you it doesn’t have to stay that way. You deserve more than just getting by—let’s get you unstuck and back to truly living.
(419) 912-6180 View (419) 912-6180
Photo of Daniel Button, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, IMFT
Daniel Button
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, IMFT
Online Only
Your marriage, your goals, your life—it’s too big to let slip. Maybe it’s tension with your partner, feeling stuck on your own, or just knowing there’s more to reach for. I’m here to help you rediscover what matters—couples and individuals like you rebuild every day, and you can too.
Your marriage, your goals, your life—it’s too big to let slip. Maybe it’s tension with your partner, feeling stuck on your own, or just knowing there’s more to reach for. I’m here to help you rediscover what matters—couples and individuals like you rebuild every day, and you can too.
(419) 506-5535 View (419) 506-5535
Photo of Aisha Snyder, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, MA
Aisha Snyder
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, MA
1 Endorsed
Sylvania, OH 43560
“Healing may not be so much about getting better, as about letting go of everything that isn’t you- all of the expectations, all of the beliefs- and becoming who you are.” -Rachel Naomi Remen. While life is often full of beauty, it also comes with uncertainties, challenges and at times, suffering. Aisha believes therapy is an empowering tool for anyone who may be struggling to navigate through life’s challenges, adjusting to present adversity or processing unhealed trauma. Regardless of the struggle you may be facing, Aisha seeks to promote a non-judgemental and relatable approach to assisting others in establishing autonomy.
“Healing may not be so much about getting better, as about letting go of everything that isn’t you- all of the expectations, all of the beliefs- and becoming who you are.” -Rachel Naomi Remen. While life is often full of beauty, it also comes with uncertainties, challenges and at times, suffering. Aisha believes therapy is an empowering tool for anyone who may be struggling to navigate through life’s challenges, adjusting to present adversity or processing unhealed trauma. Regardless of the struggle you may be facing, Aisha seeks to promote a non-judgemental and relatable approach to assisting others in establishing autonomy.
(419) 763-6343 View (419) 763-6343

See more therapy options for Sylvania

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sylvania, OH

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sylvania, OH who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
85% Self Esteem
82% Trauma and PTSD
80% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
72% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Medical Mutual
82% Paramount
81% Aetna

How Therapists in Sylvania, OH see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
9% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sylvania?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.