Therapists in Richfield, OH

Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Hritz, Psychologist, PhD, MA
Dr. Elizabeth Hritz
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Online Only
Are you looking for improved quality of life with less depression and anxiety? If you’ve wanted more motivation, self-esteem, or better relationships, therapy can help you build a life that feels better. During therapy, we focus on what’s important to you and help make your vision for life become reality. Do you ever spend your energy on what you ‘have to’ or ‘should’ do… and feel like you’re missing out on something better? Therapy is a great place to figure out what you really want and how to get there.
Are you looking for improved quality of life with less depression and anxiety? If you’ve wanted more motivation, self-esteem, or better relationships, therapy can help you build a life that feels better. During therapy, we focus on what’s important to you and help make your vision for life become reality. Do you ever spend your energy on what you ‘have to’ or ‘should’ do… and feel like you’re missing out on something better? Therapy is a great place to figure out what you really want and how to get there.
(234) 540-1649 View (234) 540-1649
Photo of Melissa Seeley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW, SAP, CFRC
Melissa Seeley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW, SAP, CFRC
1 Endorsed
Richfield, OH 44286
Waitlist for new clients
Many people come to a counselor not knowing what to expect. The hardest part about coming to counseling is being willing to open up to an outside person about your most significant struggles and stressors in life. Opening up to a counselor means getting unbiased support and feedback to empower you to make the best decisions for yourself and/or your family. I aim to foster your healing, grow your self-confidence, and improve your self-image.
Many people come to a counselor not knowing what to expect. The hardest part about coming to counseling is being willing to open up to an outside person about your most significant struggles and stressors in life. Opening up to a counselor means getting unbiased support and feedback to empower you to make the best decisions for yourself and/or your family. I aim to foster your healing, grow your self-confidence, and improve your self-image.
(440) 379-8361 View (440) 379-8361
Photo of Matthew Jay McClenahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Matthew Jay McClenahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Richfield, OH 44286
Do you often feel unheard, under-appreciated, and misunderstood in your relationship? Are you and your partner having difficulty communicating, and you feel more like roommates than partners. Maybe you or your partner are dealing with depression or anxiety, and this impacts your relationship and satisfaction with life. If you find conversations with your partner don’t go as planned and would like a professional voice & guide – I’d be glad to serve & support you. Together we will develop communication skills and habits that bring relational closeness and contentment.
Do you often feel unheard, under-appreciated, and misunderstood in your relationship? Are you and your partner having difficulty communicating, and you feel more like roommates than partners. Maybe you or your partner are dealing with depression or anxiety, and this impacts your relationship and satisfaction with life. If you find conversations with your partner don’t go as planned and would like a professional voice & guide – I’d be glad to serve & support you. Together we will develop communication skills and habits that bring relational closeness and contentment.
(234) 204-3430 View (234) 204-3430
Photo of Patricia Shumay, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Patricia Shumay
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who treats a wide variety of issues and life changes, but I specialize in depression, anxiety, cutting, teens, couples and family therapy. I treat individuals ages 6 and older through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I offer therapy tailored to fit your particular needs in a welcoming environment where you will be heard and encouraged while you heal. Therapy is centered around you, the individual, couple or family, at your pace and comfort level.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who treats a wide variety of issues and life changes, but I specialize in depression, anxiety, cutting, teens, couples and family therapy. I treat individuals ages 6 and older through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I offer therapy tailored to fit your particular needs in a welcoming environment where you will be heard and encouraged while you heal. Therapy is centered around you, the individual, couple or family, at your pace and comfort level.
(216) 455-5292 View (216) 455-5292
Photo of Allison Riley, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Allison Riley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Richfield, OH 44286
Searching for help can be overwhelming, especially when you're not feeling your best. Are you looking for a compassionate, non-judgmental, and insightful therapist? Hi, I'm Allison! I'm here to support and guide you on your healing journey. I am fully trained in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) through the Institute of Creative Mindfulness (an EMDRIA-approved EMDR training program), and the Four Blinks Flash Technique - a groundbreaking way to reprocess trauma without doing much talking!
Searching for help can be overwhelming, especially when you're not feeling your best. Are you looking for a compassionate, non-judgmental, and insightful therapist? Hi, I'm Allison! I'm here to support and guide you on your healing journey. I am fully trained in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) through the Institute of Creative Mindfulness (an EMDRIA-approved EMDR training program), and the Four Blinks Flash Technique - a groundbreaking way to reprocess trauma without doing much talking!
(440) 274-9185 View (440) 274-9185
Photo of Vladimir Mordashov, Counselor, LPCC
Vladimir Mordashov
Counselor, LPCC
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Certified Trauma Professional who specializes in trauma, anxiety, and depression. Rather than simply managing the symptoms, the therapy aims to solve core causes that are often carried for many years. Due to this, most of my clients frequently see significant improvement within 3 to 6 sessions. As a trauma focused counselor, I do not ask my clients to share the details and re-experience their wounds.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Certified Trauma Professional who specializes in trauma, anxiety, and depression. Rather than simply managing the symptoms, the therapy aims to solve core causes that are often carried for many years. Due to this, most of my clients frequently see significant improvement within 3 to 6 sessions. As a trauma focused counselor, I do not ask my clients to share the details and re-experience their wounds.
(234) 742-4185 View (234) 742-4185
Photo of Esam Joshua Pietras, Counselor, LPCC, STS, PMP
Esam Joshua Pietras
Counselor, LPCC, STS, PMP
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor providing in person therapy in Richfield Ohio and online services throughout Ohio & Florida. I treat a wide range of issues and has an expertise in: marital therapy, trauma, anxiety/depression, social anxiety, phobias, personality disorders and Christian counseling. I am trained as a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist as well as in EMDR with a focus on Trauma. Your treatment plan will be tailored to fit your individual needs while working in a non-empathetic setting where you will be encouraged and given the knowledge to heal. We also offer a social anxiety support group.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor providing in person therapy in Richfield Ohio and online services throughout Ohio & Florida. I treat a wide range of issues and has an expertise in: marital therapy, trauma, anxiety/depression, social anxiety, phobias, personality disorders and Christian counseling. I am trained as a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist as well as in EMDR with a focus on Trauma. Your treatment plan will be tailored to fit your individual needs while working in a non-empathetic setting where you will be encouraged and given the knowledge to heal. We also offer a social anxiety support group.
(234) 222-4030 View (234) 222-4030
Photo of Angie McClenahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Angie McClenahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Richfield, OH 44286
Do you feel like your worry is taking over? Do you tend to think about everything? Does this sometimes lead you to spend inordinate amounts of time researching only to find yourself paralyzed by indecision or so exhausted you don't have the energy to implement what you learned. I help people manage anxiety because if it has a chance, it will take over! Relationships, kids, work, life can feel like too much even for the healthiest among us. You can find relief, you can get back to a place that feels more free.
Do you feel like your worry is taking over? Do you tend to think about everything? Does this sometimes lead you to spend inordinate amounts of time researching only to find yourself paralyzed by indecision or so exhausted you don't have the energy to implement what you learned. I help people manage anxiety because if it has a chance, it will take over! Relationships, kids, work, life can feel like too much even for the healthiest among us. You can find relief, you can get back to a place that feels more free.
(330) 946-5863 View (330) 946-5863
Photo of Rosanna Gustafson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rosanna Gustafson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Richfield, OH 44286
Yes, I would welcome your call … but am I right for you? I am a mother/grandmother and a two-time cancer survivor. I believe the relationship with ourself will determine our quality of relationship with others. We have intrinsic, untapped power to change thoughts and behaviors that rob us of the joy, peace and acceptance we so very much desire. I am a LCSW with more than 15 years of experience helping others with life transitions; health concerns, career challenges, marriage, divorce, childhood trauma, PTSD, anxiety & depression. If we are a good fit, I’d love to be your coach, educator, and counselor.
Yes, I would welcome your call … but am I right for you? I am a mother/grandmother and a two-time cancer survivor. I believe the relationship with ourself will determine our quality of relationship with others. We have intrinsic, untapped power to change thoughts and behaviors that rob us of the joy, peace and acceptance we so very much desire. I am a LCSW with more than 15 years of experience helping others with life transitions; health concerns, career challenges, marriage, divorce, childhood trauma, PTSD, anxiety & depression. If we are a good fit, I’d love to be your coach, educator, and counselor.
(909) 430-1420 View (909) 430-1420
Photo of Carolyn Erbaugh, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, RYT
Carolyn Erbaugh
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, RYT
Serves Area
A warm welcome to all seekers. Do you struggle with anxiety/social anxiety, stage of life changes, grief, low self worth, confidence, assertiveness, boundaries, identity, or relationships? I would love to help you get unstuck and reconnect to your wisdom, self compassion, and courageousness. There is a path to finding greater mental and emotional resilience, psychological flexibility which is found by turning toward the connection between body and mind. I am a down to earth, direct/dynamic, experienced, holistic provider who will help you to help yourself cope, accept what is difficult, process trauma and find peace.
A warm welcome to all seekers. Do you struggle with anxiety/social anxiety, stage of life changes, grief, low self worth, confidence, assertiveness, boundaries, identity, or relationships? I would love to help you get unstuck and reconnect to your wisdom, self compassion, and courageousness. There is a path to finding greater mental and emotional resilience, psychological flexibility which is found by turning toward the connection between body and mind. I am a down to earth, direct/dynamic, experienced, holistic provider who will help you to help yourself cope, accept what is difficult, process trauma and find peace.
(330) 510-4900 View (330) 510-4900
Photo of Desiree Untch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Desiree Untch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a clinical social worker with a specialized focus in the treatment of OCD, anxiety, and the related disorders. As a clinician, I recognize that OCD and anxiety can often consume our thoughts and force us to avoid people, places, and things while causing us to miss out on positive life experiences.
I am a clinical social worker with a specialized focus in the treatment of OCD, anxiety, and the related disorders. As a clinician, I recognize that OCD and anxiety can often consume our thoughts and force us to avoid people, places, and things while causing us to miss out on positive life experiences.
(330) 331-6296 View (330) 331-6296
Photo of Dr. Rachael Muster, Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Dr. Rachael Muster
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Have you tried therapy before but struggled to find the right fit? Do you feel frustrated by approaches that focus solely on problem-solving without truly addressing the root cause of your pain? Are you ready to move beyond the struggle, explore new perspectives, and embrace the mind-body connection on your healing journey? If you are ready to tap into your innate healing power, you’re in the right place. Through a holistic, trauma-informed lens, I can help you recover from stress/trauma and learn to regulate your nervous system. And the best part? I can get you in for an appointment quickly!
Have you tried therapy before but struggled to find the right fit? Do you feel frustrated by approaches that focus solely on problem-solving without truly addressing the root cause of your pain? Are you ready to move beyond the struggle, explore new perspectives, and embrace the mind-body connection on your healing journey? If you are ready to tap into your innate healing power, you’re in the right place. Through a holistic, trauma-informed lens, I can help you recover from stress/trauma and learn to regulate your nervous system. And the best part? I can get you in for an appointment quickly!
(216) 279-8104 View (216) 279-8104
Photo of Dr. Kimberly Fuller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, MEd, LISW-S, CST
Dr. Kimberly Fuller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, MEd, LISW-S, CST
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
What's your story? Each person has their own unique story filled with struggle, pain, triumph,and success. I find myself lucky enough to have people share their stories with me every day. I seek to help people create better relationships with others through individual, relationship, or sex therapy. I look forward to helping you understand and re-write your story to gain better relationships. I am also trained in EMDR, which can help us get at some of the deep rooted trauma affecting you today. I provide couples and EMDR intensives.
What's your story? Each person has their own unique story filled with struggle, pain, triumph,and success. I find myself lucky enough to have people share their stories with me every day. I seek to help people create better relationships with others through individual, relationship, or sex therapy. I look forward to helping you understand and re-write your story to gain better relationships. I am also trained in EMDR, which can help us get at some of the deep rooted trauma affecting you today. I provide couples and EMDR intensives.
(440) 762-7332 View (440) 762-7332
Photo of Lynne Cardilino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DDiv, MSSA, LISW-S, CIMHP
Lynne Cardilino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DDiv, MSSA, LISW-S, CIMHP
Online Only
Are you at a crossroads in your life, and feeling stuck, anxious or depressed? Or maybe you are struggling with issues like pregnancy/postpartum mood disorders, grief and loss, health issues or phase of life concerns? Do you have a desire for positive change, and are you open to looking at multiple aspects of your life? I am ready when you are! I work with the above niche populations, as well as general mental health issues for men and women ages 18 and up. I also offer group workshops in person and remotely on various dates. Check my website for updates at Stony Hill Holistic Mental Wellness.
Are you at a crossroads in your life, and feeling stuck, anxious or depressed? Or maybe you are struggling with issues like pregnancy/postpartum mood disorders, grief and loss, health issues or phase of life concerns? Do you have a desire for positive change, and are you open to looking at multiple aspects of your life? I am ready when you are! I work with the above niche populations, as well as general mental health issues for men and women ages 18 and up. I also offer group workshops in person and remotely on various dates. Check my website for updates at Stony Hill Holistic Mental Wellness.
(330) 921-0594 View (330) 921-0594
Photo of Edward T Novak - Edward T Novak, LPCC, Counselor, LPCC
Edward T Novak, LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Serves Area
My form of therapy is designed to deal with emotional suffering through a comprehensive examination of both the symptoms and sources of the problems. Through understanding the origins and sources of your emotional suffering, we can go beyond mere symptom relief and work to heal and transform your suffering. Symptom relief and deeper self-exploration are not mutually exclusive however, and both are addressed in the forms of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy that I offer.
My form of therapy is designed to deal with emotional suffering through a comprehensive examination of both the symptoms and sources of the problems. Through understanding the origins and sources of your emotional suffering, we can go beyond mere symptom relief and work to heal and transform your suffering. Symptom relief and deeper self-exploration are not mutually exclusive however, and both are addressed in the forms of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy that I offer.
(330) 574-8872 View (330) 574-8872
Photo of Kara Klein, Counselor, PCC
Kara Klein
Counselor, PCC
Serves Area
In my practice I develop a trusting, professional relationship with the client. Many of the issues they present with include depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, grief, feelings of being overwhelmed, unhealthy coping skills and overall life dissatisfaction. I work best with a client ready to accept responsibility to feel better.
In my practice I develop a trusting, professional relationship with the client. Many of the issues they present with include depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, grief, feelings of being overwhelmed, unhealthy coping skills and overall life dissatisfaction. I work best with a client ready to accept responsibility to feel better.
(234) 407-0893 View (234) 407-0893
Photo of Lauren Craig, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Lauren Craig
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a newly licensed counselor, I provide a warm, supportive space grounded in cultural sensitivity and a person-centered approach. I work collaboratively with clients facing depression, anxiety, self-esteem challenges, life transitions, and the need for stronger coping skills. My goal is to honor each individual's unique background and empower them to build insight, resilience, and lasting change.
As a newly licensed counselor, I provide a warm, supportive space grounded in cultural sensitivity and a person-centered approach. I work collaboratively with clients facing depression, anxiety, self-esteem challenges, life transitions, and the need for stronger coping skills. My goal is to honor each individual's unique background and empower them to build insight, resilience, and lasting change.
(740) 685-4908 View (740) 685-4908

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Euriel Merrick, Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Euriel Merrick
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Hudson, OH 44236
Dr. Merrick earned his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, with a Specialty in Clinical Neuropsychology from Pacific Graduate School of Psychology at Palo Alto University in 2003. He has taught numerous courses in various areas of psychology and neuroscience, and he is a member of American Psychological Association, National Academy of Neuropsychology, and National Science Foundation. He is trained to conduct psychological and neuropsychological evaluations (under the supervision of a licensed psychologist) to assess, diagnose, and treat children, adolescents, and adults with congenital and acquired brain and psychiatric disorders.
Dr. Merrick earned his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, with a Specialty in Clinical Neuropsychology from Pacific Graduate School of Psychology at Palo Alto University in 2003. He has taught numerous courses in various areas of psychology and neuroscience, and he is a member of American Psychological Association, National Academy of Neuropsychology, and National Science Foundation. He is trained to conduct psychological and neuropsychological evaluations (under the supervision of a licensed psychologist) to assess, diagnose, and treat children, adolescents, and adults with congenital and acquired brain and psychiatric disorders.
(234) 595-2347 View (234) 595-2347
Photo of Maria Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Maria Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Congratulations on taking the first step towards working on your mental and emotional wellness! I am proud of you for starting this journey. I know this journey is not easy, but you are worth it. I started my counseling journey in community mental health. I have worked with Adults and Couples on a wide range of concerns including anxiety, depression, anger management, PTSD, grief, communication, conflict resolution and emotional regulation. I believe counseling is a journey we take walking side by side. Together, we will work on helping you reach your goals to achieve and maintain mental and emotional wellness.
Congratulations on taking the first step towards working on your mental and emotional wellness! I am proud of you for starting this journey. I know this journey is not easy, but you are worth it. I started my counseling journey in community mental health. I have worked with Adults and Couples on a wide range of concerns including anxiety, depression, anger management, PTSD, grief, communication, conflict resolution and emotional regulation. I believe counseling is a journey we take walking side by side. Together, we will work on helping you reach your goals to achieve and maintain mental and emotional wellness.
(440) 771-1808 View (440) 771-1808
Photo of Jennifer Seelie, MSN, PMHNPBC
Jennifer Seelie
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131
Jenny Seelie is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in Ohio who has been practicing since 2022. She graduated from Walden University with a 4.0, Magna Cum Laude. Jenny helps clients through diagnosing, medication management, and psychotherapy. She specializes in bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, substance abuse, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Outside of work, Jenny enjoys fishing year-round, spending time with her kids, and anything outdoors.
Jenny Seelie is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in Ohio who has been practicing since 2022. She graduated from Walden University with a 4.0, Magna Cum Laude. Jenny helps clients through diagnosing, medication management, and psychotherapy. She specializes in bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, substance abuse, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Outside of work, Jenny enjoys fishing year-round, spending time with her kids, and anything outdoors.
(216) 284-9584 View (216) 284-9584

See more therapy options for Richfield

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richfield, OH

10+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Richfield, OH who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
65% Divorce
59% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
75% Medical Mutual

How Therapists in Richfield, OH see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.