Therapists in Pepper Pike, OH

Photo of Carol Masso, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Carol Masso
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
Not accepting new clients
I have experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds who are healing from depression, complex PTSD, anxiety, life-adjustment issues, grief and interpersonal difficulties, Although I work with all issues, some specialties are relationship issues, narcissistic and relational abuse, and trauma. I have specialized training and several years experience working with addiction in treatment centers and helping families of addicts.
I have experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds who are healing from depression, complex PTSD, anxiety, life-adjustment issues, grief and interpersonal difficulties, Although I work with all issues, some specialties are relationship issues, narcissistic and relational abuse, and trauma. I have specialized training and several years experience working with addiction in treatment centers and helping families of addicts.
(216) 616-1712 View (216) 616-1712
Photo of Susan Kahan, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Susan Kahan
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
Life can be a struggle and feel overwhelming sometimes. We all need to have a safe place to process our unique experiences and our feelings. I work with people who are suffering from the impacts of daily stressors, anxiety, loss, relationship conflicts, or work issues. I also help people who want to begin a journey of self-reflection and development, Together we will set your personal goals and find solutions to achieve your goals, aspirations and enhance your happiness. I work with clients to identify daily stressors as well as past experiences that can interfere in living their authentic self.
Life can be a struggle and feel overwhelming sometimes. We all need to have a safe place to process our unique experiences and our feelings. I work with people who are suffering from the impacts of daily stressors, anxiety, loss, relationship conflicts, or work issues. I also help people who want to begin a journey of self-reflection and development, Together we will set your personal goals and find solutions to achieve your goals, aspirations and enhance your happiness. I work with clients to identify daily stressors as well as past experiences that can interfere in living their authentic self.
(216) 868-7666 View (216) 868-7666
Photo of Gila Shapiro, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CST
Gila Shapiro
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CST
Verified Verified
Online Only
My holistic approach integrates cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness practices and direct interventions that are based on your needs in the moment. I work with issues ranging from anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and sexual difficulties (couples and individuals). I help people develop emotional insight and clarity and we learn new skills to facilitate growth and balance. My purpose is to help people live more authentically, with intention and meaning. It can be difficult to find the right therapist, so I am happy to talk with you briefly to see if I am the right fit for you and can be of help.
My holistic approach integrates cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness practices and direct interventions that are based on your needs in the moment. I work with issues ranging from anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and sexual difficulties (couples and individuals). I help people develop emotional insight and clarity and we learn new skills to facilitate growth and balance. My purpose is to help people live more authentically, with intention and meaning. It can be difficult to find the right therapist, so I am happy to talk with you briefly to see if I am the right fit for you and can be of help.
(216) 677-9379 View (216) 677-9379
Photo of Tara Lemasters, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, (L)PC, CMAT, CSAT-S
Tara Lemasters
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, (L)PC, CMAT, CSAT-S
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
I guide clients to gain insight and soulutions to their issues; emotions, life/relationship challenges and stressors. My experience and training uniquely qualify me to help guide individuals, spouses/partners, and couples struggling with sexual compulsivity issues, sexuality issues, affairs, co-dependency, and trauma. Also, I have extensive experience assisting clients navigate through the process of healing from divorce/relationship break-up. My approach with clients is empathic, solution focused and validating.
I guide clients to gain insight and soulutions to their issues; emotions, life/relationship challenges and stressors. My experience and training uniquely qualify me to help guide individuals, spouses/partners, and couples struggling with sexual compulsivity issues, sexuality issues, affairs, co-dependency, and trauma. Also, I have extensive experience assisting clients navigate through the process of healing from divorce/relationship break-up. My approach with clients is empathic, solution focused and validating.
(216) 245-1722 View (216) 245-1722
Photo of Kate Kortanek, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, LPAT, ATR-BC
Kate Kortanek
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, LPAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
I am dually credentialed as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Professional Art Therapist. I specialize in the treatment of traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. Other concerns I work comfortably with include: general mood and relational difficulty, life adjustments, grief, poor relationship with food, self-esteem/concept, and maladaptive behaviors. It is my belief that we are all worthy of self-love and fulfillment, but may have been hindered in some way in our lives to believe this to be true. If your path feels dark, I am the flashlight that offers guidance and clarity as you find your way through.
I am dually credentialed as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Professional Art Therapist. I specialize in the treatment of traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. Other concerns I work comfortably with include: general mood and relational difficulty, life adjustments, grief, poor relationship with food, self-esteem/concept, and maladaptive behaviors. It is my belief that we are all worthy of self-love and fulfillment, but may have been hindered in some way in our lives to believe this to be true. If your path feels dark, I am the flashlight that offers guidance and clarity as you find your way through.
(216) 238-0824 View (216) 238-0824
Photo of Andie Loiseau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andie Loiseau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life stressors such as anxiety and depression. This client needs a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence. This client needs support, encouragement, and a non-judgmental approach to achieve their goals.
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life stressors such as anxiety and depression. This client needs a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence. This client needs support, encouragement, and a non-judgmental approach to achieve their goals.
(216) 910-5099 View (216) 910-5099
Photo of Rebekah Fink, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Rebekah Fink
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
Are you suffering from trauma & finding it holding you back from living your true, authentic life? From my experience, I can see how challenging a Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis can be on a person, & working with someone open to learning new skills to manage it better can be very rewarding! I enjoy working with people who are suffering from anxiety or depressive disorder as I have seen the progress my clients have made in those areas & I love to watch them start to live a more satisfying life. I am here to assist with any life transitions, relationship issues, grief, or OCD/phobias that are preventing you from your goals.
Are you suffering from trauma & finding it holding you back from living your true, authentic life? From my experience, I can see how challenging a Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis can be on a person, & working with someone open to learning new skills to manage it better can be very rewarding! I enjoy working with people who are suffering from anxiety or depressive disorder as I have seen the progress my clients have made in those areas & I love to watch them start to live a more satisfying life. I am here to assist with any life transitions, relationship issues, grief, or OCD/phobias that are preventing you from your goals.
(216) 424-6373 View (216) 424-6373
Photo of Diana Cofsky, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Diana Cofsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
(216) 677-1868 View (216) 677-1868
Photo of Lisa F Levine - Lisa Farah Levine, Lcsw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW, LISW, Lisw-Cp
Lisa Farah Levine, Lcsw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW, LISW, Lisw-Cp
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
Therapy is an effective way for individuals to make significant personal life changes and increase the ability to become more self aware. I work closely with my clients to process feelings and experiences that are challenging. I will help you to create a course of treatment that identifies realistic goals and expectations for changes. Through the therapeutic relationship we will work together to break unhealthy patterns and create new and more adaptive ways of coping and managing daily life struggles. With mutual trust, honesty and commitment, emotional and functional change is attainable. I am licensed in 3 states, SC, OH, FL.
Therapy is an effective way for individuals to make significant personal life changes and increase the ability to become more self aware. I work closely with my clients to process feelings and experiences that are challenging. I will help you to create a course of treatment that identifies realistic goals and expectations for changes. Through the therapeutic relationship we will work together to break unhealthy patterns and create new and more adaptive ways of coping and managing daily life struggles. With mutual trust, honesty and commitment, emotional and functional change is attainable. I am licensed in 3 states, SC, OH, FL.
(954) 703-1303 View (954) 703-1303
Photo of Macey Hawout, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Macey Hawout
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
Are you a young adult woman experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem issues, and even trauma? Self-discovery and creating/finding identity are goals I work best with. In my most recent job, I have found that domestic violence survivors and women who experience issues specific to being a woman have piqued my interest. As a therapist, the most rewarding thing is to guide women toward embracing themselves for who they are, heal past wounds, and empower them to live fully and authentically. I believe I have been given a purpose in this world to serve others, and that's what I was created to do.
Are you a young adult woman experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem issues, and even trauma? Self-discovery and creating/finding identity are goals I work best with. In my most recent job, I have found that domestic violence survivors and women who experience issues specific to being a woman have piqued my interest. As a therapist, the most rewarding thing is to guide women toward embracing themselves for who they are, heal past wounds, and empower them to live fully and authentically. I believe I have been given a purpose in this world to serve others, and that's what I was created to do.
(216) 616-5904 View (216) 616-5904
Photo of Christina R Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Christina R Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
I enjoy working with clients who may be struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, emotional management, poor self-esteem, experiencing grief and loss; who are motivated and open to change and doing homework, and who desire to be a healthier version of themselves.
I enjoy working with clients who may be struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, emotional management, poor self-esteem, experiencing grief and loss; who are motivated and open to change and doing homework, and who desire to be a healthier version of themselves.
(216) 616-4185 View (216) 616-4185
Photo of Dr. Noriyo Shoji-Schaffner, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Dr. Noriyo Shoji-Schaffner
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
Are you navigating personality disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety & depression, marital & familial conflicts, & grief? Are you ready to explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to improve your well-being by being open to asking tough questions, tackling big issues, and pursuing outcomes with perseverance? My goal is to provide support in improving relationships, managing stress, overcoming trauma, adopting healthier coping skills, & embracing fulfilling life options. My 15 years of clinical experience as a racial/ethnic minority practitioner has allowed me to cultivate expertise to assist racial/ethnic minority groups.
Are you navigating personality disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety & depression, marital & familial conflicts, & grief? Are you ready to explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to improve your well-being by being open to asking tough questions, tackling big issues, and pursuing outcomes with perseverance? My goal is to provide support in improving relationships, managing stress, overcoming trauma, adopting healthier coping skills, & embracing fulfilling life options. My 15 years of clinical experience as a racial/ethnic minority practitioner has allowed me to cultivate expertise to assist racial/ethnic minority groups.
(216) 859-0829 View (216) 859-0829
Photo of Marc Lynn, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Marc Lynn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
It's important to note that I am NOT a Social Media influencer and your therapy will not end up anywhere outside the therapy office! Your feeling comfortable is a goal in therapy. Specifically, I specialize in working with COUPLES IN CRISIS, as well as with Men who are having difficulties in their relationships. I help couples navigate safely and WTHOUT BLAME through relational issues such as reactivity, betrayal, and intimacy issues and work towards a dialogue where both people feel seen and heard. In our work I come from a place that does not see people as problems but rather are suffering the effects of problems.
It's important to note that I am NOT a Social Media influencer and your therapy will not end up anywhere outside the therapy office! Your feeling comfortable is a goal in therapy. Specifically, I specialize in working with COUPLES IN CRISIS, as well as with Men who are having difficulties in their relationships. I help couples navigate safely and WTHOUT BLAME through relational issues such as reactivity, betrayal, and intimacy issues and work towards a dialogue where both people feel seen and heard. In our work I come from a place that does not see people as problems but rather are suffering the effects of problems.
(424) 250-0972 View (424) 250-0972
Photo of Terrance Tufts, Counselor, LPCC
Terrance Tufts
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
I have served those with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, Schizophrenia, Family Issues, etc. My ideal client is motivated to roll up their sleeves and engage in the therapeutic process. They have an open mind and can practice effective coping skills to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. They can challenge themselves to be vulnerable and practice accountability while processing their problematic thinking patterns and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental environment. They wish to engage in therapy because they realize that they need to make a change and are willing to take a leap of faith to make it happen.
I have served those with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, Schizophrenia, Family Issues, etc. My ideal client is motivated to roll up their sleeves and engage in the therapeutic process. They have an open mind and can practice effective coping skills to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. They can challenge themselves to be vulnerable and practice accountability while processing their problematic thinking patterns and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental environment. They wish to engage in therapy because they realize that they need to make a change and are willing to take a leap of faith to make it happen.
(216) 714-1939 View (216) 714-1939
Photo of Matthew Escano, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPCC
Matthew Escano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPCC
Verified Verified
Pepper Pike, OH 44124
I have experience treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, pornography addiction, and autism, & I have worked with many other disorders over my nearly ten years of experience. I specialize in Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Behavior Modification, and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, and I ground my approach in positive psychology. I am growth-oriented and interested in exploring how my clients can achieve full human flourishing from a holistic perspective.
I have experience treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, pornography addiction, and autism, & I have worked with many other disorders over my nearly ten years of experience. I specialize in Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Behavior Modification, and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, and I ground my approach in positive psychology. I am growth-oriented and interested in exploring how my clients can achieve full human flourishing from a holistic perspective.
(216) 616-8505 View (216) 616-8505
Photo of Abby Codron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Abby Codron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I help people take charge of their lives. Emotions can be very powerful. They help form your self-esteem, and ultimately enable you to move forward with your goals or prevent you from achieving them.
I help people take charge of their lives. Emotions can be very powerful. They help form your self-esteem, and ultimately enable you to move forward with your goals or prevent you from achieving them.
(216) 284-4396 View (216) 284-4396
Photo of Jennifer C. Anderson, Psychologist, PhD
Jennifer C. Anderson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My practice is dedicated to helping children, teens, and young adults live satisfying lives, maximizing their successful functioning at home, school, and in their relationships. I diagnose and treat a wide range of emotional and behavioral concerns. I also have specialized expertise in the treatment of adjustment and coping challenges that can accompany medical illness and in evaluation of learning challenges, attention problems, and giftedness. I offer a full range of services, including consultation/evaluation, treatment, and educational/psychological assessment. My face-to-face testing feedback and comprehensive reports provide specific recommendations tailored to the needs of the student.
My practice is dedicated to helping children, teens, and young adults live satisfying lives, maximizing their successful functioning at home, school, and in their relationships. I diagnose and treat a wide range of emotional and behavioral concerns. I also have specialized expertise in the treatment of adjustment and coping challenges that can accompany medical illness and in evaluation of learning challenges, attention problems, and giftedness. I offer a full range of services, including consultation/evaluation, treatment, and educational/psychological assessment. My face-to-face testing feedback and comprehensive reports provide specific recommendations tailored to the needs of the student.
(216) 342-3606 View (216) 342-3606
Photo of Karen Kernberg Bardenstein, Psychologist, PhD
Karen Kernberg Bardenstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My specialties include childhood problems with toileting, sleep, emotional and behavioral adjustment and divorce. I work individually with adults and couples, particularly with relationship issues and divorce. I provide mediation/parenting coordination for high conflict parents. The impact of divorce and death on the family is particularly painful for children and for parents who are trying to navigate their own survival. In addition, my practice provides help for those struggling with anxiety, depression, loss and managing transitions in life using both psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral interventions.
My specialties include childhood problems with toileting, sleep, emotional and behavioral adjustment and divorce. I work individually with adults and couples, particularly with relationship issues and divorce. I provide mediation/parenting coordination for high conflict parents. The impact of divorce and death on the family is particularly painful for children and for parents who are trying to navigate their own survival. In addition, my practice provides help for those struggling with anxiety, depression, loss and managing transitions in life using both psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral interventions.
(216) 365-8658 View (216) 365-8658
Photo of Riley McCormick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Riley McCormick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Therapy is a process that allows for healing and awareness. I practice heart-centered hypnotherapy along with other holistic practices. These experiential practices provide a gateway to release stuck traumas, which ultimately create the habitual patterns that may not be serving your higher self. You can rediscover your personal power and learn how to internally resource, seeing all the choices available to you when challenges in your life are happening. In committing to this process, you can step into your own energy and reclaim your authentic self.
Therapy is a process that allows for healing and awareness. I practice heart-centered hypnotherapy along with other holistic practices. These experiential practices provide a gateway to release stuck traumas, which ultimately create the habitual patterns that may not be serving your higher self. You can rediscover your personal power and learn how to internally resource, seeing all the choices available to you when challenges in your life are happening. In committing to this process, you can step into your own energy and reclaim your authentic self.
(216) 485-3403 View (216) 485-3403
Photo of Cynthia J Tepper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Cynthia J Tepper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy and specialize in treating adults navigating experiences including; women's issues, anxiety, depression, grief/loss, and supporting parents of LGBTQIA+ children. I believe fully in the collaborative nature of the therapeutic relationship. The issues and experiences unique to parents of LGBTQIA+ folks are an area of expertise and interest in my work. I enjoy working with clients to acquire the insight to change ineffective patterns with an emphasis on compassionate understanding, empowerment and affirmation. I believe wholeheartedly in helping clients discover their resiliency and comfort within their unique experiences.
I enjoy and specialize in treating adults navigating experiences including; women's issues, anxiety, depression, grief/loss, and supporting parents of LGBTQIA+ children. I believe fully in the collaborative nature of the therapeutic relationship. The issues and experiences unique to parents of LGBTQIA+ folks are an area of expertise and interest in my work. I enjoy working with clients to acquire the insight to change ineffective patterns with an emphasis on compassionate understanding, empowerment and affirmation. I believe wholeheartedly in helping clients discover their resiliency and comfort within their unique experiences.
(216) 714-8069 View (216) 714-8069
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pepper Pike, OH

50+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Pepper Pike, OH who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
93% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
63% Grief
63% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
68% Optum
62% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Pepper Pike, OH see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pepper Pike?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.