Therapists in Oakwood, OH

Photo of Veronica Saulog, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, NCC, CCMHC
Veronica Saulog
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, NCC, CCMHC
Online Only
My treatment philosophy is based on our capacity to heal. My primary means of treatment is EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). EMDR reprocesses traumatic memories. Our brains use thought patterns to bring ideas, feelings and sensations to the forefront without discrimination. In instances of unresolved trauma, our ability to move forward in our lives is blocked, because thought patterns allow past trauma to continue to be replayed as if happening in the present. I collaborate with my clients via EMDR to reprocess trauma, allowing the brain to let natural healing occur.
My treatment philosophy is based on our capacity to heal. My primary means of treatment is EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). EMDR reprocesses traumatic memories. Our brains use thought patterns to bring ideas, feelings and sensations to the forefront without discrimination. In instances of unresolved trauma, our ability to move forward in our lives is blocked, because thought patterns allow past trauma to continue to be replayed as if happening in the present. I collaborate with my clients via EMDR to reprocess trauma, allowing the brain to let natural healing occur.
(937) 729-2666 View (937) 729-2666
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Gish, Pastoral Counselor, MDiv, ThD
Dr. Elizabeth Gish
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv, ThD
1 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
Have you spent your life overachieving, working hard, taking care of others, doing all the right things, and yet things aren't working out how you expected them to? Are your relationships very often one-sided, where you give a lot but no one takes care of you? I see you. My practice focuses on those who have "done all the right things," and are wondering why things are still so hard. Unfortunately, being hard on ourselves, working hard, achieving all the things, and taking care of everyone around us doesn't often lead to the sort of healing and peace we long for.
Have you spent your life overachieving, working hard, taking care of others, doing all the right things, and yet things aren't working out how you expected them to? Are your relationships very often one-sided, where you give a lot but no one takes care of you? I see you. My practice focuses on those who have "done all the right things," and are wondering why things are still so hard. Unfortunately, being hard on ourselves, working hard, achieving all the things, and taking care of everyone around us doesn't often lead to the sort of healing and peace we long for.
(937) 756-9855 View (937) 756-9855
Photo of Bridgett Sullivan, Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Bridgett Sullivan
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Serves Area
Hello! I'm Bridgett, and I'm glad you're here. My areas of specialty include grief, loss, post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, communication, and relationship issues. Over the years, I've supported adolescents, adults, couples, and families as they've faced challenges and found their way through. It's a privilege to witness clients move beyond 'survival mode' and start thriving again.
Hello! I'm Bridgett, and I'm glad you're here. My areas of specialty include grief, loss, post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, communication, and relationship issues. Over the years, I've supported adolescents, adults, couples, and families as they've faced challenges and found their way through. It's a privilege to witness clients move beyond 'survival mode' and start thriving again.
(937) 999-3871 View (937) 999-3871
Photo of Erin O'Reilly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Erin O'Reilly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Serves Area
Are you doing your best and still not thriving? Are you tired of repeating old patterns, struggling with boundaries, or feeling disconnected from yourself or your values? Are there issues you can no longer ignore? The good news is therapy can help. I provide a compassionate and mindful space where we can explore these patterns together, with curiosity rather than judgment. My goal is to help you deepen self-awareness, build self-compassion, and create a life that truly aligns with who you are. Whether we’re working on managing emotions, trauma processing, or quality of life concerns, I tailor therapy to your unique needs.
Are you doing your best and still not thriving? Are you tired of repeating old patterns, struggling with boundaries, or feeling disconnected from yourself or your values? Are there issues you can no longer ignore? The good news is therapy can help. I provide a compassionate and mindful space where we can explore these patterns together, with curiosity rather than judgment. My goal is to help you deepen self-awareness, build self-compassion, and create a life that truly aligns with who you are. Whether we’re working on managing emotions, trauma processing, or quality of life concerns, I tailor therapy to your unique needs.
(937) 880-3482 View (937) 880-3482
Photo of Bridget Webb, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC-S
Bridget Webb
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC-S
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Change can be both exciting and really hard. Whether you’re heading off to college, starting a new job, becoming a mom, or healing from a breakup, life transitions can leave you feeling anxious, unsure, or disconnected from yourself. You don’t have to figure it all out alone. I love working with young women who want to feel more confident, grounded, and at peace with where they are. Together, we’ll slow things down, explore what’s really going on beneath the surface, and help you reconnect with your values and strengths. My goal is to help you build trust in yourself and find more clarity and calm in your day-to-day life.
Change can be both exciting and really hard. Whether you’re heading off to college, starting a new job, becoming a mom, or healing from a breakup, life transitions can leave you feeling anxious, unsure, or disconnected from yourself. You don’t have to figure it all out alone. I love working with young women who want to feel more confident, grounded, and at peace with where they are. Together, we’ll slow things down, explore what’s really going on beneath the surface, and help you reconnect with your values and strengths. My goal is to help you build trust in yourself and find more clarity and calm in your day-to-day life.
(937) 807-3650 View (937) 807-3650
Photo of Devonna Rogers-Seger, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Devonna Rogers-Seger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
I work with a variety of clients, all having one thing in common: They are unhappy with the direction their life has taken and seek insight so that their lives can change. Whether they are wanting to process a life event and only want to come one or two sessions, or whether they want to make a long-term connection with a counselor, I tailor my therapy to my clients' needs. My approach is interactive, engaging my clients in conversations that help them process past or present events, so that they can find their own path to healing.
I work with a variety of clients, all having one thing in common: They are unhappy with the direction their life has taken and seek insight so that their lives can change. Whether they are wanting to process a life event and only want to come one or two sessions, or whether they want to make a long-term connection with a counselor, I tailor my therapy to my clients' needs. My approach is interactive, engaging my clients in conversations that help them process past or present events, so that they can find their own path to healing.
(937) 421-8449 View (937) 421-8449
Photo of Darcy L. Plunkett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Darcy L. Plunkett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you want to have a better relationship with yourself or with your partner, I am here to help. You're tired of feeling stuck in your head, self critical, off base, or easily triggered. You know you have potential, but you have a hard time reaching it. You want more authentic confidence, and a healthy, lasting, secure relationship. If you are a couple, you might be having conversations that regularly turn into misunderstandings, walk-on eggshells around your partner, feel resentful, lonely or unseen in your relationship, or fear you're 'not enough' or 'too much.' You know you could be better as a couple, but keep stumbling.
Whether you want to have a better relationship with yourself or with your partner, I am here to help. You're tired of feeling stuck in your head, self critical, off base, or easily triggered. You know you have potential, but you have a hard time reaching it. You want more authentic confidence, and a healthy, lasting, secure relationship. If you are a couple, you might be having conversations that regularly turn into misunderstandings, walk-on eggshells around your partner, feel resentful, lonely or unseen in your relationship, or fear you're 'not enough' or 'too much.' You know you could be better as a couple, but keep stumbling.
(937) 634-7636 View (937) 634-7636
Photo of Lucas A Brewer, Counselor, LPCC-S, BSP
Lucas A Brewer
Counselor, LPCC-S, BSP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in working with clients who are ready for deep trauma work, not those seeking introductory therapy or basic coping skills. My practice focuses on complex trauma, PTSD, dissociation, attachment wounds, and long-standing emotional patterns that have not shifted with talk therapy alone. My ideal clients are people who have already done some therapeutic work and are prepared to engage with somatic and experiential trauma processing. This includes veterans, first responders, therapists, and high-functioning adults who are ready to address internal dynamics with honesty and depth.
I specialize in working with clients who are ready for deep trauma work, not those seeking introductory therapy or basic coping skills. My practice focuses on complex trauma, PTSD, dissociation, attachment wounds, and long-standing emotional patterns that have not shifted with talk therapy alone. My ideal clients are people who have already done some therapeutic work and are prepared to engage with somatic and experiential trauma processing. This includes veterans, first responders, therapists, and high-functioning adults who are ready to address internal dynamics with honesty and depth.
(937) 519-3417 View (937) 519-3417
Photo of Matt Heiner, Psychologist, PhD
Matt Heiner
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
My approach to therapy is both focused on finding solutions and gaining understanding. First, I believe it is important to incorporate effective coping skills to mitigate the effects of any mental health concern. It is then often necessary to build insight as to the causes of these concerns in order to change problematic patterns in how we relate to ourselves and others. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship matters - I attempt to foster self-compassion and understanding in order to lighten the burden of difficult life situations.
My approach to therapy is both focused on finding solutions and gaining understanding. First, I believe it is important to incorporate effective coping skills to mitigate the effects of any mental health concern. It is then often necessary to build insight as to the causes of these concerns in order to change problematic patterns in how we relate to ourselves and others. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship matters - I attempt to foster self-compassion and understanding in order to lighten the burden of difficult life situations.
(937) 400-1489 View (937) 400-1489
Photo of Heather Renae Horton, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Heather Renae Horton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
It's time. It's time for you to take that step into the self-discovery and healing that allows you to live your best life. Whether your issues and concerns are with anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, self-harm, relationships, or that of a spiritual nature I offer a safe space that allows you to explore the ins and outs of who you are, why you are, what you are doing and where you are going.
It's time. It's time for you to take that step into the self-discovery and healing that allows you to live your best life. Whether your issues and concerns are with anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, self-harm, relationships, or that of a spiritual nature I offer a safe space that allows you to explore the ins and outs of who you are, why you are, what you are doing and where you are going.
(937) 358-8229 View (937) 358-8229
Photo of Marian M Robinson-Gay - MMRG Professional Mental Health Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
MMRG Professional Mental Health Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I offer a client centered approach to my therapy style. I will assist you to identify and work on your mental health needs in a caring and genuine way. My purpose as a clinician is to build on your strengths and assist with your growth process. I offer a warm an personalized experience for each of my clients to create a healthy and productive theraputic relationship.
I offer a client centered approach to my therapy style. I will assist you to identify and work on your mental health needs in a caring and genuine way. My purpose as a clinician is to build on your strengths and assist with your growth process. I offer a warm an personalized experience for each of my clients to create a healthy and productive theraputic relationship.
(937) 858-1815 View (937) 858-1815
Photo of Dr. Meredith Montgomery, Counselor, EdD, LPCC-S
Dr. Meredith Montgomery
Counselor, EdD, LPCC-S
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I work predominantly, but not exclusively, with male clients. I have been described as pragmatic (definition: "dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations" & "the study of how context contributes to meaning.") My approach in counseling is well captured in these descriptions. We will approach things sensibly and realistically, seeking understanding, clarity, & truth. We will explore language and context to gain insight, guide decision making, and heal old wounds. We will work as partners to identify growth areas, resolve issues, set goals, & affect change.
I work predominantly, but not exclusively, with male clients. I have been described as pragmatic (definition: "dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations" & "the study of how context contributes to meaning.") My approach in counseling is well captured in these descriptions. We will approach things sensibly and realistically, seeking understanding, clarity, & truth. We will explore language and context to gain insight, guide decision making, and heal old wounds. We will work as partners to identify growth areas, resolve issues, set goals, & affect change.
(937) 790-4636 View (937) 790-4636
Photo of Susan C Wawrose, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MSEd, JD, LPCC
Susan C Wawrose
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MSEd, JD, LPCC
Serves Area
My expertise is with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and difficulty adjusting to life changes. Often clients come to me feeling stuck, seeking relief from stress, or feeling disconnected and alone. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental setting where clients feel safe to address these issues. My goal is to help clients gain insight and draw on their strengths to find the best way forward through difficult times.
My expertise is with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and difficulty adjusting to life changes. Often clients come to me feeling stuck, seeking relief from stress, or feeling disconnected and alone. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental setting where clients feel safe to address these issues. My goal is to help clients gain insight and draw on their strengths to find the best way forward through difficult times.
(937) 230-8438 View (937) 230-8438
Photo of Amy Brown, SEP, MS, OD-MRO, ISP, RCST
Amy Brown
Verified Verified
Serves Area
You're wanting to feel alive and comfortable in your own skin, but you find yourself freezing up or overwhelmed with images from the past or stuck in ways you can't explain. While talking about it can be helpful, if you're dealing with a trauma or ingrained stress response, it gets stuck in the body and talking alone doesn't unlock the trauma patterns in the body. Body-based modalities combined with talking really help to unwind trauma patterns. If you come see me, we won't only sit in chairs talking.
You're wanting to feel alive and comfortable in your own skin, but you find yourself freezing up or overwhelmed with images from the past or stuck in ways you can't explain. While talking about it can be helpful, if you're dealing with a trauma or ingrained stress response, it gets stuck in the body and talking alone doesn't unlock the trauma patterns in the body. Body-based modalities combined with talking really help to unwind trauma patterns. If you come see me, we won't only sit in chairs talking.
(513) 995-7020 View (513) 995-7020
Photo of Rachael Liggan, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Rachael Liggan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
I enjoy working with people during any phase of their journey. It's rewarding to connect with couples, adolescents, and adults going through stage of life changes and or trauma. I find joy in collaborating to cultivate peoples' motivations to change in a way that allows them to gain insight into their behaviors and achieve optimal health. I view people through a holistic lens thus seeing the whole person rather than their symptoms.
I enjoy working with people during any phase of their journey. It's rewarding to connect with couples, adolescents, and adults going through stage of life changes and or trauma. I find joy in collaborating to cultivate peoples' motivations to change in a way that allows them to gain insight into their behaviors and achieve optimal health. I view people through a holistic lens thus seeing the whole person rather than their symptoms.
(937) 519-3747 View (937) 519-3747
Photo of Lynda Lee Fenner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Lynda Lee Fenner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Serves Area
Accepting new patients. I'd love to hear from you. Finding a therapist that is the right fit is important. I am an LISW-S with over three decades of experience helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and achieving emotional well-being. During my career I have developed particular expertise in treating anxiety, depression and relationship issues, employing an integrative approach that draws from various therapeutic modalities to meet your unique needs. I create an empathetic, safe and non-judgmental space where as a team we can explore your concerns and work toward a meaningful change.
Accepting new patients. I'd love to hear from you. Finding a therapist that is the right fit is important. I am an LISW-S with over three decades of experience helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and achieving emotional well-being. During my career I have developed particular expertise in treating anxiety, depression and relationship issues, employing an integrative approach that draws from various therapeutic modalities to meet your unique needs. I create an empathetic, safe and non-judgmental space where as a team we can explore your concerns and work toward a meaningful change.
(937) 468-3171 View (937) 468-3171
Photo of Gwen Ashby, Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
Gwen Ashby
Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
Serves Area
Do you repeat self-defeating behaviors but don't know how to stop? Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, or unresolved trauma? Maybe you just feel overwhelmed and can't even name what is wrong. I can help you make sense of the senseless, make peace with shame and blame, and gain the happiness you thought impossible. I provide compassionate, inclusive care for adults, teens (13+), couples, and families. I am LGBTQ+ and multicultural sensitive, offer telehealth, and am accepting new clients. My approach is holistic and client-centered.
Do you repeat self-defeating behaviors but don't know how to stop? Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, or unresolved trauma? Maybe you just feel overwhelmed and can't even name what is wrong. I can help you make sense of the senseless, make peace with shame and blame, and gain the happiness you thought impossible. I provide compassionate, inclusive care for adults, teens (13+), couples, and families. I am LGBTQ+ and multicultural sensitive, offer telehealth, and am accepting new clients. My approach is holistic and client-centered.
(937) 230-8763 View (937) 230-8763
Photo of Ryan R Taylor, Counselor, MRC, CRC, LPCC-S
Ryan R Taylor
Counselor, MRC, CRC, LPCC-S
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Stress, low self-esteem, navigating a life transition, or anxiety and depression? Feel like you need to find your boundaries? Perhaps a trusted person told you it was time to try therapy. We can explore your communication, expectations, and boundaries for a healthy relationship with yourself and others. Choose to work on yourself in a safe environment with no judgment. I'll walk next to you on your journey, helping you to find what works for you so you can pursue your pathway to healing and growth. No diagnosis needed. I operate a private pay office. We accept HSA, FSA, and credit cards. I do not work directly with insurance.
Stress, low self-esteem, navigating a life transition, or anxiety and depression? Feel like you need to find your boundaries? Perhaps a trusted person told you it was time to try therapy. We can explore your communication, expectations, and boundaries for a healthy relationship with yourself and others. Choose to work on yourself in a safe environment with no judgment. I'll walk next to you on your journey, helping you to find what works for you so you can pursue your pathway to healing and growth. No diagnosis needed. I operate a private pay office. We accept HSA, FSA, and credit cards. I do not work directly with insurance.
(937) 595-0078 View (937) 595-0078
Photo of Frances M Duncan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
Frances M Duncan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I feel it is important to offer expert quality care that is compassionate, and tailored to each person's uniqueness as an individual. I have 33 years of clinical experience working with children, teens, families, and adults facing various life challenges. Time passes quickly. We often spend our days unhappy, and stressed. Sometimes it can be difficult to see beyond the hardships, and realize what matters most to us. If you can't change a situation, change your perspective.
I feel it is important to offer expert quality care that is compassionate, and tailored to each person's uniqueness as an individual. I have 33 years of clinical experience working with children, teens, families, and adults facing various life challenges. Time passes quickly. We often spend our days unhappy, and stressed. Sometimes it can be difficult to see beyond the hardships, and realize what matters most to us. If you can't change a situation, change your perspective.
(937) 210-4625 View (937) 210-4625
Photo of Sarah Yenkevich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Sarah Yenkevich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
32 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel like your are constantly struggling? Do you feel like you have waited way too long to reach out for help? It’s never too late. I believe everyone has the right to be happy and I work hard to achieve that with all of my clients. Depression hurts! Anxiety sucks! Stress can get the best of you and past traumas can debilitate you. Maybe you have picked up some negative coping skills you are not proud of. Or maybe you are doing absolutely nothing because it hurts so bad. Getting the motivation to do this is hard. But since you are here reading this I know you have it in you and together we can make it through.
Do you feel like your are constantly struggling? Do you feel like you have waited way too long to reach out for help? It’s never too late. I believe everyone has the right to be happy and I work hard to achieve that with all of my clients. Depression hurts! Anxiety sucks! Stress can get the best of you and past traumas can debilitate you. Maybe you have picked up some negative coping skills you are not proud of. Or maybe you are doing absolutely nothing because it hurts so bad. Getting the motivation to do this is hard. But since you are here reading this I know you have it in you and together we can make it through.
(440) 578-9978 View (440) 578-9978

See more therapy options for Oakwood

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakwood, OH

20+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Oakwood, OH who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
96% Depression
96% Anxiety
83% Coping Skills
79% Self Esteem
79% Stress
75% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
82% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Anthem

How Therapists in Oakwood, OH see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakwood?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.