Therapists in Lorain County, OH

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Photo of Leanne Hardy, Counselor, MS, LPCC-S, C-DBT
Leanne Hardy
Counselor, MS, LPCC-S, C-DBT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Struggling with intense emotions, unstable relationships, or falling into the same unhelpful patterns? Maybe you've tried therapy before and it didn't work, or you're hesitant to start. You can find stability and peace. I'm here to help! Together we'll explore how these patterns developed and build practical skills for managing thoughts and feelings, all while wrapped in warm self-compassion. No more just numbing or stuffing it down. We will create those "ah-hah!" moments and real, lasting change.
Struggling with intense emotions, unstable relationships, or falling into the same unhelpful patterns? Maybe you've tried therapy before and it didn't work, or you're hesitant to start. You can find stability and peace. I'm here to help! Together we'll explore how these patterns developed and build practical skills for managing thoughts and feelings, all while wrapped in warm self-compassion. No more just numbing or stuffing it down. We will create those "ah-hah!" moments and real, lasting change.
(440) 457-5586 View (440) 457-5586
Photo of Cefora Rubin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Cefora Rubin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
I offer a safe and confidential environment where your journey to wellness, self discovery, empowerment, self acceptance and peace of mind begins. I offer a unique life mapping technique that facilitates and enhances communication skills, negotiation in reciprocal relationships and fast mood, behavior and emotional regulation that is based on your unique background, personality characteristics that leads to a sense of mastery over your life.
I offer a safe and confidential environment where your journey to wellness, self discovery, empowerment, self acceptance and peace of mind begins. I offer a unique life mapping technique that facilitates and enhances communication skills, negotiation in reciprocal relationships and fast mood, behavior and emotional regulation that is based on your unique background, personality characteristics that leads to a sense of mastery over your life.
(802) 644-7026 View (802) 644-7026
Photo of Melissa Counts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Melissa Counts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
2 Endorsed
Lorain, OH 44053
Therapy offers a supportive, nonjudgmental space for healing, growth, and self-discovery. I take a relational, trauma-informed, and culturally sensitive approach because trust and connection are key to meaningful change. As a certified EMDR therapist trained in the Flash technique, I often integrate mindfulness and awareness of how the body responds to stress. My background spans victim advocacy, community mental health, and college counseling, with extensive experience helping trauma survivors, first responders, and those managing anxiety, depression, or grief.
Therapy offers a supportive, nonjudgmental space for healing, growth, and self-discovery. I take a relational, trauma-informed, and culturally sensitive approach because trust and connection are key to meaningful change. As a certified EMDR therapist trained in the Flash technique, I often integrate mindfulness and awareness of how the body responds to stress. My background spans victim advocacy, community mental health, and college counseling, with extensive experience helping trauma survivors, first responders, and those managing anxiety, depression, or grief.
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Photo of Ellen Brabant, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Ellen Brabant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Avon, OH 44011
You may feel stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain as you navigate life’s challenges. Whether you're dealing with grief, anxiety, or transitions, you deserve a safe space where you can be heard and supported. You want to feel grounded, confident, and aligned with your authentic self, creating a life of purpose and fulfillment. Let’s work together to explore the deeper meanings of your experiences and build the resilience and skills you need to thrive.
You may feel stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain as you navigate life’s challenges. Whether you're dealing with grief, anxiety, or transitions, you deserve a safe space where you can be heard and supported. You want to feel grounded, confident, and aligned with your authentic self, creating a life of purpose and fulfillment. Let’s work together to explore the deeper meanings of your experiences and build the resilience and skills you need to thrive.
(440) 961-1008 View (440) 961-1008
Photo of Salina Stuart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Salina Stuart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
3 Endorsed
Elyria, OH 44035
Owning our story and loving ourselves through that process is the bravest thing that we'll ever do. (Brené Brown) Trust between a provider and their client is key. Salina Stuart certainly emphasizes this trust within her practice, ensuring the client is able to build trust for her process and in turn she trusts that the clients are the experts of their lives. She has a knack for having both a macro and micro-level lens when working with clients, allowing her to not only see them for who they are as individuals with symptoms, but also understand how these symptoms might impact their lived experience.
Owning our story and loving ourselves through that process is the bravest thing that we'll ever do. (Brené Brown) Trust between a provider and their client is key. Salina Stuart certainly emphasizes this trust within her practice, ensuring the client is able to build trust for her process and in turn she trusts that the clients are the experts of their lives. She has a knack for having both a macro and micro-level lens when working with clients, allowing her to not only see them for who they are as individuals with symptoms, but also understand how these symptoms might impact their lived experience.
(440) 588-3213 View (440) 588-3213
Photo of Heather Lambert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Heather Lambert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Avon, OH 44011
Heather Lambert, LCSW, provides compassionate and evidence-based mental health care to individuals and families across Ohio. She helps clients navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, and trauma through personalized therapy sessions tailored to meet their unique needs. Whether clients are experiencing stress related to identity, mood instability, or difficult life transitions, Heather creates a safe, supportive space to explore emotions and build practical coping strategies. She offers both individual and family therapy and is committed to helping clients uncover their inner strength and resilience.
Heather Lambert, LCSW, provides compassionate and evidence-based mental health care to individuals and families across Ohio. She helps clients navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, and trauma through personalized therapy sessions tailored to meet their unique needs. Whether clients are experiencing stress related to identity, mood instability, or difficult life transitions, Heather creates a safe, supportive space to explore emotions and build practical coping strategies. She offers both individual and family therapy and is committed to helping clients uncover their inner strength and resilience.
(775) 628-6056 View (775) 628-6056
Photo of Seth F Nieding, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LICDC
Seth F Nieding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LICDC
North Ridgeville, OH 44039
The mission of Nieding Therapy is: (1) to work with you in order for you to obtain the skills necessary to be able to take control over your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, to learn the skills necessary to overcome your life dominating problems, to improve relationships, and (2) to discover your unique positive gifts/strengths which you can utilize in your daily life. To schedule an initial consultation call Colleen, office manager, direct at 440-748-1207. Day and Saturday appointments.
The mission of Nieding Therapy is: (1) to work with you in order for you to obtain the skills necessary to be able to take control over your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, to learn the skills necessary to overcome your life dominating problems, to improve relationships, and (2) to discover your unique positive gifts/strengths which you can utilize in your daily life. To schedule an initial consultation call Colleen, office manager, direct at 440-748-1207. Day and Saturday appointments.
(440) 520-1339 View (440) 520-1339
Photo of Jennifer Merthe-Grayson, Psychologist, PsyD
Jennifer Merthe-Grayson
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
At the heart of my work is a deep respect for the human experience and our desire to feel understood, connected, and grounded in who we are. I work with adults navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life transitions, relationship challenges, and workplace injury recovery. I also provide psychotherapy services for federal employees through the OWCP/DOL program. My approach is collaborative and humanistic, integrating ACT and mindfulness. I also offer qEEG-guided neurofeedback to support emotional regulation, attention, resilience, and cognitive functioning.
At the heart of my work is a deep respect for the human experience and our desire to feel understood, connected, and grounded in who we are. I work with adults navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life transitions, relationship challenges, and workplace injury recovery. I also provide psychotherapy services for federal employees through the OWCP/DOL program. My approach is collaborative and humanistic, integrating ACT and mindfulness. I also offer qEEG-guided neurofeedback to support emotional regulation, attention, resilience, and cognitive functioning.
(440) 261-5237 View (440) 261-5237
Photo of Katie Koncilja - New Leaf Counseling Services LLC, Counselor, MA, LPCC
New Leaf Counseling Services LLC
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Avon Lake, OH 44012
We all need help at times! Our team of experienced clinicians can provide you with the tools and techniques to overcome problems you may be facing. New Leaf Counseling Services, LLC assists individuals and families within our community to manage their mental health symptoms by providing a non-biased, non-judgmental, therapeutic environment where patients are encouraged to explore and overcome the obstacles to achieving their life goals. Providing quality patient care is our priority! Locations: Avon Lake, Westlake & Amherst
We all need help at times! Our team of experienced clinicians can provide you with the tools and techniques to overcome problems you may be facing. New Leaf Counseling Services, LLC assists individuals and families within our community to manage their mental health symptoms by providing a non-biased, non-judgmental, therapeutic environment where patients are encouraged to explore and overcome the obstacles to achieving their life goals. Providing quality patient care is our priority! Locations: Avon Lake, Westlake & Amherst
(440) 742-1661 View (440) 742-1661
Photo of Kaleigh Mahon, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, CDCA
Kaleigh Mahon
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, CDCA
Elyria, OH 44035
Not accepting new clients
I strive to create an environment where you feel heard and understood. In order to create this environment, I work collaboratively with you to develop goals, and I maintain the belief that you are the expert on yourself and have the answers within. My areas of focus include career-related stress, anxiety, depression, ADHD, processing trauma, gender and sexuality issues, family dynamics, stress, anger, self-esteem, life transitions/adjustment, substance use/addiction, and maladaptive behaviors. Whether you want to focus on the past, present, or future, I am willing to meet you where you are so that you can reach your goals.
I strive to create an environment where you feel heard and understood. In order to create this environment, I work collaboratively with you to develop goals, and I maintain the belief that you are the expert on yourself and have the answers within. My areas of focus include career-related stress, anxiety, depression, ADHD, processing trauma, gender and sexuality issues, family dynamics, stress, anger, self-esteem, life transitions/adjustment, substance use/addiction, and maladaptive behaviors. Whether you want to focus on the past, present, or future, I am willing to meet you where you are so that you can reach your goals.
(440) 517-7531 View (440) 517-7531
Photo of Taylor McVay, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Taylor McVay
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Avon, OH 44011
Taylor McVay is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from John Carroll University. Taylor offers a holistic approach to therapy to aid in clients reaching a better quality of life. She utilizes EMDR therapy, CBT, DBT, and mindfulness to tailor a treatment plan best suited to her clients’ presenting concerns. Taylor works on building a safe environment to meet her clients where they are at and guides them in capitalizing on their strengths to work through adversity.
Taylor McVay is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from John Carroll University. Taylor offers a holistic approach to therapy to aid in clients reaching a better quality of life. She utilizes EMDR therapy, CBT, DBT, and mindfulness to tailor a treatment plan best suited to her clients’ presenting concerns. Taylor works on building a safe environment to meet her clients where they are at and guides them in capitalizing on their strengths to work through adversity.
(440) 652-8313 View (440) 652-8313
Photo of Libni López, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S
Libni López
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My practice is grounded in a humanistic and client-centered approach, which means that you, as the individual, are at the heart of our therapeutic work. I specialize in addressing a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, gender identity exploration, queer-related issues, and the impact of race trauma. I understand that each person's experience is unique, and I am committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental space where your voice is heard and valued. In our work together, we'll focus on processing your thoughts and emotions, helping you gain clarity and understanding.
My practice is grounded in a humanistic and client-centered approach, which means that you, as the individual, are at the heart of our therapeutic work. I specialize in addressing a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, gender identity exploration, queer-related issues, and the impact of race trauma. I understand that each person's experience is unique, and I am committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental space where your voice is heard and valued. In our work together, we'll focus on processing your thoughts and emotions, helping you gain clarity and understanding.
(440) 600-3675 View (440) 600-3675
Photo of Joseph Alto, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Joseph Alto
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
13 Endorsed
Elyria, OH 44035
Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom (Viktor Frankl). Joe is a relatable connector who has worked with many different diagnoses throughout his time in the field. He passionately believes that relationships are powerful, especially the therapy relationship. Specializing in the treatment of grief, anxiety, depression, and spiritual crisis, Joe provides eclectic treatment, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral and Existential Therapies. Possessing a contagious sense of humor, Joe has helped many clients rediscover laughter in life.
Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom (Viktor Frankl). Joe is a relatable connector who has worked with many different diagnoses throughout his time in the field. He passionately believes that relationships are powerful, especially the therapy relationship. Specializing in the treatment of grief, anxiety, depression, and spiritual crisis, Joe provides eclectic treatment, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral and Existential Therapies. Possessing a contagious sense of humor, Joe has helped many clients rediscover laughter in life.
(440) 659-2843 View (440) 659-2843
Photo of Erin Nagle, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Erin Nagle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
13 Endorsed
Online Only
Enjoy being in the process of becoming (Anaïs Nin). Erin Nagle is extremely diligent in employing a person-centered approach to therapy, always striving to provide a session that feels catered to the individual. She specializes in anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorders, as well as PTSD, ASD, and clients experiencing high stress.
Enjoy being in the process of becoming (Anaïs Nin). Erin Nagle is extremely diligent in employing a person-centered approach to therapy, always striving to provide a session that feels catered to the individual. She specializes in anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorders, as well as PTSD, ASD, and clients experiencing high stress.
(440) 613-7859 View (440) 613-7859
Photo of Morgan Truax, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Morgan Truax
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
North Ridgeville, OH 44039
Wanting help is an important step towards building our own self-awareness, but asking for help may be difficult. Asking for help requires being vulnerable. I welcome that vulnerability and as a counselor I will provide support, encouragement, and gently challenge you through your journey into building your own self-awareness and emotional stability. My role is to help create a safe space where people can explore their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors unapologetically and without fear or hesitation. I am a firm believer that small “baby” steps are significant steps towards resolving a problem or achieving a lifelong goal.
Wanting help is an important step towards building our own self-awareness, but asking for help may be difficult. Asking for help requires being vulnerable. I welcome that vulnerability and as a counselor I will provide support, encouragement, and gently challenge you through your journey into building your own self-awareness and emotional stability. My role is to help create a safe space where people can explore their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors unapologetically and without fear or hesitation. I am a firm believer that small “baby” steps are significant steps towards resolving a problem or achieving a lifelong goal.
(440) 689-3203 View (440) 689-3203
Photo of Nicole O'Donnell, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Nicole O'Donnell
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Elyria, OH 44035
There are times in your life when you may feel helpless, depressed, anxious, or even be experiencing conflict with the people you love. You may also see a family member, child, or friend struggling and wonder what you can do to help them work through their negative feelings. When we are in dark places, it can be difficult to understand that healing and hope are possible. As a counselor, I have worked with adults, couples, families, and children. I can help you or your loved ones go from a place of frustration and sadness to healing and growth.
There are times in your life when you may feel helpless, depressed, anxious, or even be experiencing conflict with the people you love. You may also see a family member, child, or friend struggling and wonder what you can do to help them work through their negative feelings. When we are in dark places, it can be difficult to understand that healing and hope are possible. As a counselor, I have worked with adults, couples, families, and children. I can help you or your loved ones go from a place of frustration and sadness to healing and growth.
(440) 271-8854 View (440) 271-8854
Photo of Michael Kerschner, Psychologist, LP
Michael Kerschner
Psychologist, LP
Online Only
I am an highly experienced doctoral-level provider with an Ohio license for clinical psychology. I have been practicing in numerous settings throughout my long career, including working in institutions and in private practice. I am used to effectively treating the vast majority of individuals who walk through my door, giving me a wide-ranging skillset.
I am an highly experienced doctoral-level provider with an Ohio license for clinical psychology. I have been practicing in numerous settings throughout my long career, including working in institutions and in private practice. I am used to effectively treating the vast majority of individuals who walk through my door, giving me a wide-ranging skillset.
(440) 641-4838 View (440) 641-4838
Photo of Colby Love, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Colby Love
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
1 Endorsed
Oberlin, OH 44074
Colby has a passion for working with children/adolescents, the LGBTQ+ community, trauma survivors, and those managing self-harm urges and suicidal ideation. Colby has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in various settings. Colby’s past work experiences include crisis management, IOP/PHP, sexual assault crisis support, and school-based therapy. Colby currently works at Colors+ Counseling, providing outpatient services. Please see the link for more information.
Colby has a passion for working with children/adolescents, the LGBTQ+ community, trauma survivors, and those managing self-harm urges and suicidal ideation. Colby has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in various settings. Colby’s past work experiences include crisis management, IOP/PHP, sexual assault crisis support, and school-based therapy. Colby currently works at Colors+ Counseling, providing outpatient services. Please see the link for more information.
(440) 970-0719 View (440) 970-0719
Photo of Crystal Russell, Counselor, LPCC
Crystal Russell
Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
I enjoy working with people of all ages, but I am passionate about the next generation. Children, adolescents, and young adults have a plethora of information overloading their minds and bodies daily. Often, this information causes sensory overload and produces feelings of distress that manifest as depression, anxiety, social isolation, disconnection, and much more. I believe that by providing a safe space to question, process, and examine the world, children, teens, and young adults can heal from traumatic experiences, grow into their purpose, and become resilient and self-empowered individuals.
I enjoy working with people of all ages, but I am passionate about the next generation. Children, adolescents, and young adults have a plethora of information overloading their minds and bodies daily. Often, this information causes sensory overload and produces feelings of distress that manifest as depression, anxiety, social isolation, disconnection, and much more. I believe that by providing a safe space to question, process, and examine the world, children, teens, and young adults can heal from traumatic experiences, grow into their purpose, and become resilient and self-empowered individuals.
(380) 333-6033 View (380) 333-6033
Photo of Brittany Keating, Counselor, LPCC-S, PMH-C
Brittany Keating
Counselor, LPCC-S, PMH-C
1 Endorsed
Amherst, OH 44001
Hello! I am the owner of Cocoon and Bloom Collective Wondering if it is the baby blues or something more? Not feeling that "instant connection" that you are told comes with being a mother? I'd love to help navigate these feelings with you and work towards understanding them together. Pregnancy and motherhood can be lonely at times, especially coupled with infertility or loss. I'd be honored to be able to support you during any emotional stress you are experiencing. These experiences are not always limited to moms and I offer a safe space for dads to process the change and confusion that can come with this phase of life as well.
Hello! I am the owner of Cocoon and Bloom Collective Wondering if it is the baby blues or something more? Not feeling that "instant connection" that you are told comes with being a mother? I'd love to help navigate these feelings with you and work towards understanding them together. Pregnancy and motherhood can be lonely at times, especially coupled with infertility or loss. I'd be honored to be able to support you during any emotional stress you are experiencing. These experiences are not always limited to moms and I offer a safe space for dads to process the change and confusion that can come with this phase of life as well.
(440) 271-8379 View (440) 271-8379

See more therapy options for Lorain County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lorain County, OH

400+

Average cost per session

$124

Therapists in Lorain County, OH who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
96% Social Anxiety
96% Health Anxiety
96% Driving Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
83% Cigna and Evernorth
76% Anthem

How Therapists in Lorain County, OH see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
15% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lorain County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.