Therapists in Columbus, OH

View neighborhoods in Columbus
Photo of Niki Parker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Niki Parker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Accepting New Clients – 3/10/25 You’re a Christian woman who feels overwhelmed by the weight of anxiety or trauma, stuck in patterns that are holding you back. You want to find peace but are unsure how to break free. Your faith is important to you, but despite praying and seeking support, you feel trapped in the same cycle. You long for healing that aligns with your beliefs—something deeper than surface-level advice. Your relationships are strained, and you're searching for practical tools to move forward. You’re ready for a change, and Christian therapy can help you find the breakthrough you need.
Accepting New Clients – 3/10/25 You’re a Christian woman who feels overwhelmed by the weight of anxiety or trauma, stuck in patterns that are holding you back. You want to find peace but are unsure how to break free. Your faith is important to you, but despite praying and seeking support, you feel trapped in the same cycle. You long for healing that aligns with your beliefs—something deeper than surface-level advice. Your relationships are strained, and you're searching for practical tools to move forward. You’re ready for a change, and Christian therapy can help you find the breakthrough you need.
(380) 208-0221 View (380) 208-0221
Photo of Jennifer Bartosek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LISW
Jennifer Bartosek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LISW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about helping people gain insight and a sense of empowerment as they navigate the transitions and challenges inherent in life. I create a safe and open space for clients to deepen their awareness of themselves and others. With new found insights, a deeper understanding of one's thought process and patterns, I believe clients will be equipped with the knowledge required to make significant change in their lives and relationships. I specialize in working with the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, depression, couples issues, self-esteem, co-dependency, eating disorders, women's issues, and related challenges.
I am passionate about helping people gain insight and a sense of empowerment as they navigate the transitions and challenges inherent in life. I create a safe and open space for clients to deepen their awareness of themselves and others. With new found insights, a deeper understanding of one's thought process and patterns, I believe clients will be equipped with the knowledge required to make significant change in their lives and relationships. I specialize in working with the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, depression, couples issues, self-esteem, co-dependency, eating disorders, women's issues, and related challenges.
(312) 487-4022 View (312) 487-4022
Photo of Madeline Butterly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Madeline Butterly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Clinical Social Worker licensed in New York and Ohio with 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families. I have experience working with clients from various backgrounds with an array of different concerns. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and narrative therapies. I will tailor our time together and work with you to create a treatment plan to meet your specific needs.
I am a Clinical Social Worker licensed in New York and Ohio with 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families. I have experience working with clients from various backgrounds with an array of different concerns. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and narrative therapies. I will tailor our time together and work with you to create a treatment plan to meet your specific needs.
(440) 586-4178 View (440) 586-4178
Photo of Kim Kostelnik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S
Kim Kostelnik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I am so glad you are here! You are courageous for taking the first step on improving your life! My approach to therapy is reflective of a Strengths Based model and is client centered. You know your story best! I develop solution focused goals with my clients and prioritize what they feel is most important in developing a treatment plan. Some therapies I use include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Therapy, Grief Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused and IFST and Christian counseling. My goal is to offer interventions to allow you to be the best version of yourself. You are the author of your story!
Hello! I am so glad you are here! You are courageous for taking the first step on improving your life! My approach to therapy is reflective of a Strengths Based model and is client centered. You know your story best! I develop solution focused goals with my clients and prioritize what they feel is most important in developing a treatment plan. Some therapies I use include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Therapy, Grief Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused and IFST and Christian counseling. My goal is to offer interventions to allow you to be the best version of yourself. You are the author of your story!
(614) 345-8488 View (614) 345-8488
Photo of Annie Stout, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Annie Stout
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43230
Annie is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist who is goal oriented, resourceful, and dedicated to exceeding expectations in clinical practice. Annie holds a Master of Science in Human Development and Family Studies in the Couple and Family Therapy Program from Ohio State University, in addition to a Bachelor of Arts in English from UCLA. Annie enjoys guiding patients in identity development, building healthy self-esteem, cultivating meaningful relationships, and navigating complex transitions, including grief and loss. Annie utilizes her systemic training to channel her passion for treating couple and family systems challenges.
Annie is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist who is goal oriented, resourceful, and dedicated to exceeding expectations in clinical practice. Annie holds a Master of Science in Human Development and Family Studies in the Couple and Family Therapy Program from Ohio State University, in addition to a Bachelor of Arts in English from UCLA. Annie enjoys guiding patients in identity development, building healthy self-esteem, cultivating meaningful relationships, and navigating complex transitions, including grief and loss. Annie utilizes her systemic training to channel her passion for treating couple and family systems challenges.
(614) 656-7025 View (614) 656-7025
Photo of Sarah Newcomer, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, IMFT, LMFT, CST
Sarah Newcomer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, IMFT, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Now accepting New Clients in Ohio, Florida, and New Jersey! Drifting apart from your partner, stuck in the same arguments, or feeling disconnected in the bedroom? You’re not alone, and it doesn’t have to stay this way. As an Independent Marriage & Family Therapists certified in Sex Therapy, I specialize in helping partners break free from relationship ruts and rediscover the closeness they crave.
Now accepting New Clients in Ohio, Florida, and New Jersey! Drifting apart from your partner, stuck in the same arguments, or feeling disconnected in the bedroom? You’re not alone, and it doesn’t have to stay this way. As an Independent Marriage & Family Therapists certified in Sex Therapy, I specialize in helping partners break free from relationship ruts and rediscover the closeness they crave.
(614) 698-1226 View (614) 698-1226
Photo of Karen Schneller, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CEDS
Karen Schneller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CEDS
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43212
You are living a daily battle in your head about what you can eat, how much you should exercise, if you are worthy of taking up space. You are consumed by counting calories and by the negative voice inside that tells you, you’ll never be good enough or thin enough, smart enough or pretty enough. You are fed up with how the society/culture tells you how you should look and feel and behave. Your behaviors have you feeling exhausted and depleted and you wonder how you can go on another day. Others may think you have it all together on the outside, but the mental torture inside is killing you and feel like your life is shrinking.
You are living a daily battle in your head about what you can eat, how much you should exercise, if you are worthy of taking up space. You are consumed by counting calories and by the negative voice inside that tells you, you’ll never be good enough or thin enough, smart enough or pretty enough. You are fed up with how the society/culture tells you how you should look and feel and behave. Your behaviors have you feeling exhausted and depleted and you wonder how you can go on another day. Others may think you have it all together on the outside, but the mental torture inside is killing you and feel like your life is shrinking.
(614) 363-6187 View (614) 363-6187
Photo of Amy Durtschi - Vibe Women's Health Collective™ , Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Vibe Women's Health Collective™
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215
Vibe Women's Health Collective (in partnership with Enliven Health and Wellness) is dedicated to supporting women in their health and life journeys. We are a group of licensed healthcare professionals who know women deserve the highest level of care and attention for overall mental, emotional, and physical wellness. We offer individual and group therapy as in-person or virtual sessions with a certified physician assistant on staff. We accept most insurance plans.
Vibe Women's Health Collective (in partnership with Enliven Health and Wellness) is dedicated to supporting women in their health and life journeys. We are a group of licensed healthcare professionals who know women deserve the highest level of care and attention for overall mental, emotional, and physical wellness. We offer individual and group therapy as in-person or virtual sessions with a certified physician assistant on staff. We accept most insurance plans.
(380) 666-3491 View (380) 666-3491
Photo of Shantel Jackson, Counselor, LPCC
Shantel Jackson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213
I am a trauma informed therapist and specialize in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am EMDR trained and utilize DBT, CBT, person centered, and Attachment Therapeutic approaches to help manage mental health needs.
I am a trauma informed therapist and specialize in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am EMDR trained and utilize DBT, CBT, person centered, and Attachment Therapeutic approaches to help manage mental health needs.
(380) 207-1832 View (380) 207-1832
Photo of Ann Weaver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Ann Weaver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you feel stressed, have problems in your relationships, or just not feeling your best emotionally? Talking with me can help to relieve some of those feelings, and we can find the best ways for you to get the most out of your life, every day. I'm an independently licensed social worker in Ohio and Michigan with a Master's Degree in Social Work as well as Board certification. I have been working in the field for 30 years, and have worked with people who have health problems, mental health problems, or are caregivers for individuals who have health or mental health problems. I'm open, text me at 419-740-0498 so we can talk.
Do you feel stressed, have problems in your relationships, or just not feeling your best emotionally? Talking with me can help to relieve some of those feelings, and we can find the best ways for you to get the most out of your life, every day. I'm an independently licensed social worker in Ohio and Michigan with a Master's Degree in Social Work as well as Board certification. I have been working in the field for 30 years, and have worked with people who have health problems, mental health problems, or are caregivers for individuals who have health or mental health problems. I'm open, text me at 419-740-0498 so we can talk.
(937) 884-2684 View (937) 884-2684
Photo of Ted Bonar, Psychologist, PsyD
Ted Bonar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
With many years of clinical and professional experience, I'm a flexible therapist attuned to the individual, relational, cultural, and problem-solving needs that people bring to sessions. We start with your concerns and your story, and from there we work together to meet your needs. Sometimes, I will recommend some very specific evidence-based approaches based upon cognitive-behavioral therapy. Sometimes, a more open-ended and flexible style of therapy is best. The ultimate approach should meet your expectations and needs, and I'm confident in the collaborative conversations that build the work together.
With many years of clinical and professional experience, I'm a flexible therapist attuned to the individual, relational, cultural, and problem-solving needs that people bring to sessions. We start with your concerns and your story, and from there we work together to meet your needs. Sometimes, I will recommend some very specific evidence-based approaches based upon cognitive-behavioral therapy. Sometimes, a more open-ended and flexible style of therapy is best. The ultimate approach should meet your expectations and needs, and I'm confident in the collaborative conversations that build the work together.
View
Photo of Christina Minoguchi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Christina Minoguchi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello. I'm Christina Minoguchi. I am a licensed therapist in the state of Ohio. My expertise lies in addressing trauma, CPTSD, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. As an experienced EMDR and Brain spotting clinician with over 24 years of practice, I'm dedicated to empowering you. In our initial session, I'll introduce you to remarkable neuroscience techniques that swiftly alleviate symptoms and restore your sense of control in that very first session. I look forward to meeting you and showing you the way.
Hello. I'm Christina Minoguchi. I am a licensed therapist in the state of Ohio. My expertise lies in addressing trauma, CPTSD, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. As an experienced EMDR and Brain spotting clinician with over 24 years of practice, I'm dedicated to empowering you. In our initial session, I'll introduce you to remarkable neuroscience techniques that swiftly alleviate symptoms and restore your sense of control in that very first session. I look forward to meeting you and showing you the way.
(440) 335-5286 View (440) 335-5286
Photo of Karen Corcoran, Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Karen Corcoran
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling anxious, stressed or depressed? Can you benefit from additional support? Seeking therapy services is one of the first steps to helping yourself feel better. I work with individuals who have experienced trauma, who struggle with depression and anxiety, as well as any other various stressors that occur in everyday life. Whether it’s job stress, difficult family dynamics or relationship struggles, things can get tough and complicated. As we work together, we can explore ways to help you feel calm, find ways to cope and to help you move forward in your life with confidence and peace of mind.
Are you feeling anxious, stressed or depressed? Can you benefit from additional support? Seeking therapy services is one of the first steps to helping yourself feel better. I work with individuals who have experienced trauma, who struggle with depression and anxiety, as well as any other various stressors that occur in everyday life. Whether it’s job stress, difficult family dynamics or relationship struggles, things can get tough and complicated. As we work together, we can explore ways to help you feel calm, find ways to cope and to help you move forward in your life with confidence and peace of mind.
(614) 681-8586 View (614) 681-8586
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Cain, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Jennifer Cain
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Would you like to have a closer, more positive relationship with your children? Have you become disconnected from your own needs and wants? My goal is to help you build deeper, stronger connections with your children and with yourself. I specialize in: (1) children/parenting, (2) psychological trauma, and (3) comprehensive psychological evaluation.
Would you like to have a closer, more positive relationship with your children? Have you become disconnected from your own needs and wants? My goal is to help you build deeper, stronger connections with your children and with yourself. I specialize in: (1) children/parenting, (2) psychological trauma, and (3) comprehensive psychological evaluation.
(614) 999-9040 View (614) 999-9040
Photo of Ethan Briggs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Ethan Briggs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43206
Feel like you are the anxious friend? Always feeling like you are freaking out about the world and nobody else is? I do my best work with anxiety and trauma and these feelings are normally resolved with high quality therapy. I incorporate humor in my sessions, but also ensure positive progress toward your goals. I don't want therapy to feel stuffy or robotic and I hope you come as your authentic self. I help with managing anxiety, life transitions, LGBTQ+ concerns, and trauma, including those with religious trauma and those working on deconstruction of their faith beliefs.
Feel like you are the anxious friend? Always feeling like you are freaking out about the world and nobody else is? I do my best work with anxiety and trauma and these feelings are normally resolved with high quality therapy. I incorporate humor in my sessions, but also ensure positive progress toward your goals. I don't want therapy to feel stuffy or robotic and I hope you come as your authentic self. I help with managing anxiety, life transitions, LGBTQ+ concerns, and trauma, including those with religious trauma and those working on deconstruction of their faith beliefs.
View
Photo of Mikelle Powers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Mikelle Powers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
I enjoy working with clients who are open to understanding how adverse life experiences negatively impact thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and are ready to do the work of exploring these connections in therapy. I strive to build relationships with my clients based on the foundations of curiosity and empathy in a collaborative setting that is goal-oriented and relaxed, where their true self can be seen and feel accepted. My overarching hope for clients is that through therapy they would believe they have inherent worth and value as human beings, apart from what they do, have, or what other people think and say about them.
I enjoy working with clients who are open to understanding how adverse life experiences negatively impact thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and are ready to do the work of exploring these connections in therapy. I strive to build relationships with my clients based on the foundations of curiosity and empathy in a collaborative setting that is goal-oriented and relaxed, where their true self can be seen and feel accepted. My overarching hope for clients is that through therapy they would believe they have inherent worth and value as human beings, apart from what they do, have, or what other people think and say about them.
(380) 205-9698 View (380) 205-9698
Photo of Beth Pilous-Smith, Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Beth Pilous-Smith
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Beth Pilous-Smith (Licensed in OHIO and FLORIDA). As a therapist, I am passionate about empowering individuals. I aim to join you in successfully reaching your goals of repairing/resolving conflicts, lessening distress and emotional pain, solving problems, and enhancing your overall well-being. I work hard to create a safe, calm place where my clients feel supported and heard.
My name is Beth Pilous-Smith (Licensed in OHIO and FLORIDA). As a therapist, I am passionate about empowering individuals. I aim to join you in successfully reaching your goals of repairing/resolving conflicts, lessening distress and emotional pain, solving problems, and enhancing your overall well-being. I work hard to create a safe, calm place where my clients feel supported and heard.
(440) 588-8254 View (440) 588-8254
Photo of Antoinette Freter, Counselor, CT
Antoinette Freter
Counselor, CT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43235
Are you a stressed out parent? Hate your job? Maybe you are having conflict in a relationship. Struggling with life's challenges can leave us with anxiety, depression, and feeling like we are drifting through our lives on autopilot, disconnected and alone. Sometimes we need to get back to ourselves, sometimes we need a change. If this sounds familiar, or you are struggling in some other way, I can help.
Are you a stressed out parent? Hate your job? Maybe you are having conflict in a relationship. Struggling with life's challenges can leave us with anxiety, depression, and feeling like we are drifting through our lives on autopilot, disconnected and alone. Sometimes we need to get back to ourselves, sometimes we need a change. If this sounds familiar, or you are struggling in some other way, I can help.
(740) 303-7513 View (740) 303-7513
Photo of Steven Kapela, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICDC
Steven Kapela
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICDC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am Steve Kapela, and I've been in long-term recovery since May 12, 2008. My journey includes overcoming challenges with gambling, alcohol, and drugs, etc. My Recovery transformation has allowed me to heal my family, build a fulfilling career, seek redemption, and repair the damage from 35 years of addiction. In 2016, I earned my Master of Social Work (LISW-S), and by 2017, I received my independent social worker license and Chemical Dependency certification. I was also among the first in Ohio to be certified as a gambling counselor (LICDC-CS-GAMB).
I am Steve Kapela, and I've been in long-term recovery since May 12, 2008. My journey includes overcoming challenges with gambling, alcohol, and drugs, etc. My Recovery transformation has allowed me to heal my family, build a fulfilling career, seek redemption, and repair the damage from 35 years of addiction. In 2016, I earned my Master of Social Work (LISW-S), and by 2017, I received my independent social worker license and Chemical Dependency certification. I was also among the first in Ohio to be certified as a gambling counselor (LICDC-CS-GAMB).
(380) 230-3991 View (380) 230-3991
Photo of S. Lee Tepper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
S. Lee Tepper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43235
Working collaboratively with clients and using a person-centered approach to therapy is central to the care I provide to all clients. I have robust experience and enjoy working with individuals who identify as LGBTQIA+, experience substance use addiction, poly/kink populations, young adults, and those who experience depression, anxiety, and (C)PTSD. As my client, you can expect a confidential, collaborative, and healthy working relationship to best meet your unique goals.
Working collaboratively with clients and using a person-centered approach to therapy is central to the care I provide to all clients. I have robust experience and enjoy working with individuals who identify as LGBTQIA+, experience substance use addiction, poly/kink populations, young adults, and those who experience depression, anxiety, and (C)PTSD. As my client, you can expect a confidential, collaborative, and healthy working relationship to best meet your unique goals.
View
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbus, OH

2,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Columbus, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Self Esteem
64% Stress
63% Relationship Issues
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Columbus, OH see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbus?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.