Therapists in Columbiana, OH

Photo of Darleen Kotas, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Darleen Kotas
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
I have been in the field for 20 years now, in different capacities. I have worked 8n addictions, mental health and developmental disabilities. I work with kids, teenager adults and senior citizens. I have worked with military and with first responders. When you are working with me, your the one who makes the choices such as different types of counseling, and what we talk about on that particular day. I am always learning and growing my skills. I also have a faith based background so we can or do not have to incorporate that into our sessions.
I have been in the field for 20 years now, in different capacities. I have worked 8n addictions, mental health and developmental disabilities. I work with kids, teenager adults and senior citizens. I have worked with military and with first responders. When you are working with me, your the one who makes the choices such as different types of counseling, and what we talk about on that particular day. I am always learning and growing my skills. I also have a faith based background so we can or do not have to incorporate that into our sessions.
(330) 578-7383 View (330) 578-7383
Photo of Rachel Lynn Grant, Licensed Independent Social Worker, MSW, LISW-S, CCM
Rachel Lynn Grant
Licensed Independent Social Worker, MSW, LISW-S, CCM
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
My therapeutic approach is characterized by a direct and open-minded style that prioritizes collaboration and understanding. I utilize solution-focused techniques, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help clients identify and challenge negative thought patterns while developing practical strategies for change. I also incorporate family therapy principles, recognizing the importance of family dynamics in the healing process. I believe that every individual is different and my goal is to find what truly works for each person, fostering resilience and promoting personal growth. Together, we will explore solutions.
My therapeutic approach is characterized by a direct and open-minded style that prioritizes collaboration and understanding. I utilize solution-focused techniques, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help clients identify and challenge negative thought patterns while developing practical strategies for change. I also incorporate family therapy principles, recognizing the importance of family dynamics in the healing process. I believe that every individual is different and my goal is to find what truly works for each person, fostering resilience and promoting personal growth. Together, we will explore solutions.
Photo of Alison Cline, Counselor, MS, LPCC-S
Alison Cline
Counselor, MS, LPCC-S
Columbiana, OH 44408
I'm a neurodivergent therapist who works primarily with neurodivergent women. So I understand both clinically and personally how ADHD, anxiety, and depression show up in real life. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, or frustrated with themselves for not being able to “keep up” in the way they think they should. I specialize in helping neurodivergent individuals better understand their patterns, reduce shame, and develop tools that actually work for their brains—especially in areas like executive functioning, emotional regulation, and burnout.
I'm a neurodivergent therapist who works primarily with neurodivergent women. So I understand both clinically and personally how ADHD, anxiety, and depression show up in real life. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, or frustrated with themselves for not being able to “keep up” in the way they think they should. I specialize in helping neurodivergent individuals better understand their patterns, reduce shame, and develop tools that actually work for their brains—especially in areas like executive functioning, emotional regulation, and burnout.
(330) 341-8532 View (330) 341-8532
Photo of Kristen Lauren Barefield - Metta Wellness Kristen Barefield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW
Metta Wellness Kristen Barefield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW
1 Endorsed
Columbiana, OH 44408
I work with children, adolescents, and adults who are navigating a wide range of life challenges. I specialize in individual therapy, supporting clients with concerns related to parenting and raising children, anxiety, depression, anger management, trauma, and the stress that often comes with life transitions such as college, career changes, and relationship shifts. Therapy is a collaborative process that provides space to explore emotional challenges and relationship patterns in a supportive, nonjudgmental environment. Together, we work to build deeper self-awareness, helping you better understand and identify underlying emotions
I work with children, adolescents, and adults who are navigating a wide range of life challenges. I specialize in individual therapy, supporting clients with concerns related to parenting and raising children, anxiety, depression, anger management, trauma, and the stress that often comes with life transitions such as college, career changes, and relationship shifts. Therapy is a collaborative process that provides space to explore emotional challenges and relationship patterns in a supportive, nonjudgmental environment. Together, we work to build deeper self-awareness, helping you better understand and identify underlying emotions
(330) 295-2066 View (330) 295-2066
Photo of Nancy Ann Bleggi - Nancy A. Bleggi, LPCC, Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Nancy A. Bleggi, LPCC
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
1 Endorsed
Columbiana, OH 44408
I have been working in the Mental Health field since 2007. I work with children, adolescents and adults concerning a variety of issues. I assist clients with becoming empowered through education and skill building. I help clients focus on finding solutions through a variety of resources and skills. I use a combination of approaches including Mindfulness to help clients live more presently with awareness. Also other approaches I utilize help clients to learn to manage their emotions, and build better relationships to foster better outcomes in their lives.
I have been working in the Mental Health field since 2007. I work with children, adolescents and adults concerning a variety of issues. I assist clients with becoming empowered through education and skill building. I help clients focus on finding solutions through a variety of resources and skills. I use a combination of approaches including Mindfulness to help clients live more presently with awareness. Also other approaches I utilize help clients to learn to manage their emotions, and build better relationships to foster better outcomes in their lives.
(330) 515-7308 View (330) 515-7308
Photo of Richard Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Eastern Ohio, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Christian Counseling Associates of Eastern Ohio
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Online Only
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website www.ccaeoh.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website www.ccaeoh.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(330) 331-6069 View (330) 331-6069
Photo of Rita Vennetti, Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S, CCTPII
Rita Vennetti
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S, CCTPII
Columbiana, OH 44408
I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, families and couples for thirty years in different clinical settings such as mental health centers and private agencies. I have experience with treating a wide variety of disorders and I specialize in grief and trauma. My training includes cognitive behavior therapy and EMDR. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and I have training in Critical Incident Debriefing.
I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, families and couples for thirty years in different clinical settings such as mental health centers and private agencies. I have experience with treating a wide variety of disorders and I specialize in grief and trauma. My training includes cognitive behavior therapy and EMDR. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and I have training in Critical Incident Debriefing.
(330) 516-1096 View (330) 516-1096
Photo of Catherine Kucala, Counselor, MAED, LPCC-S
Catherine Kucala
Counselor, MAED, LPCC-S
Columbiana, OH 44408
To know yourself and your choices cultivates a profound sense of joy, achievement, and purpose. Whether you are navigating through family struggles, stress, anxiety, depression, or substance use, you are the expert and author of your story. Please allow me to be your guide, as you forge a new path along life’s journey.
To know yourself and your choices cultivates a profound sense of joy, achievement, and purpose. Whether you are navigating through family struggles, stress, anxiety, depression, or substance use, you are the expert and author of your story. Please allow me to be your guide, as you forge a new path along life’s journey.
(740) 996-3554 View (740) 996-3554
Photo of Kacie Marie Householder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW
Kacie Marie Householder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal client is an adult or older adult feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or navigating anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, or the challenges of aging. Many have spent years caring for others and are now ready to prioritize themselves. They want practical tools to manage emotions, shift unhelpful thought patterns, and develop healthier coping skills. They need a safe, supportive space to feel heard and understood. Their goals are to build resilience, regain confidence, strengthen relationships, and create a life that feels balanced, meaningful, and peaceful.
My ideal client is an adult or older adult feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or navigating anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, or the challenges of aging. Many have spent years caring for others and are now ready to prioritize themselves. They want practical tools to manage emotions, shift unhelpful thought patterns, and develop healthier coping skills. They need a safe, supportive space to feel heard and understood. Their goals are to build resilience, regain confidence, strengthen relationships, and create a life that feels balanced, meaningful, and peaceful.
(330) 646-5383 View (330) 646-5383
Photo of Jessica Oates, Counselor, LPCC-S, PMH-C
Jessica Oates
Counselor, LPCC-S, PMH-C
Columbiana, OH 44408
I am the owner of Insight Clinical Counseling & Wellness. If I can't fit you in my schedule - I have amazing clinicians who can! I focus on meeting clients where they are at, wherever that may be. Psychotherapy can turn hopelessness and distress into clarity and acceptance. By having a strong focus on your goals, collaboratively, we can develop a plan to tailor your care, I work with children, adolescents, adults, families & couples to live their best lives. I am the owner of Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness, LLC private practice in East Liverpool, with a second location in Salem opening on October 1, 2020!
I am the owner of Insight Clinical Counseling & Wellness. If I can't fit you in my schedule - I have amazing clinicians who can! I focus on meeting clients where they are at, wherever that may be. Psychotherapy can turn hopelessness and distress into clarity and acceptance. By having a strong focus on your goals, collaboratively, we can develop a plan to tailor your care, I work with children, adolescents, adults, families & couples to live their best lives. I am the owner of Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness, LLC private practice in East Liverpool, with a second location in Salem opening on October 1, 2020!
(234) 230-7053 View (234) 230-7053
Photo of Dana Kopas, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MAEd, LPCC, IMFT
Dana Kopas
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MAEd, LPCC, IMFT
Serves Area
Growth is painful. Change is painful. But nothing is as painful as staying stuck somewhere you don't belong. - Mandy Hale
Growth is painful. Change is painful. But nothing is as painful as staying stuck somewhere you don't belong. - Mandy Hale
(330) 969-6795 View (330) 969-6795
Photo of Lalita Board, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Lalita Board
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I'm drawn to supporting people who want to understand themselves better and feel more grounded. I offer accessible care in English & Spanish. Many come in feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or tired of repeating the same cycles. Some are navigating stress, anxiety, loses of all types, or relationship challenges; others are trying to rebuild after life has shaken them up. They’re looking for someone who listens without judgment and helps them sort through the noise so they can breathe again. At PATH Therapy Services, we meet people where they are. Through gentle guidance, honest conversations, we help clients reconnect with themselves.
I'm drawn to supporting people who want to understand themselves better and feel more grounded. I offer accessible care in English & Spanish. Many come in feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or tired of repeating the same cycles. Some are navigating stress, anxiety, loses of all types, or relationship challenges; others are trying to rebuild after life has shaken them up. They’re looking for someone who listens without judgment and helps them sort through the noise so they can breathe again. At PATH Therapy Services, we meet people where they are. Through gentle guidance, honest conversations, we help clients reconnect with themselves.
(330) 964-8694 View (330) 964-8694
Photo of Mindy Cardelein, Counselor, LPCC-S
Mindy Cardelein
Counselor, LPCC-S
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Sometimes life can throw overwhelming circumstances and situations at us. Often it can be difficult to find someone who understands and can help you through it. What makes the therapeutic relationship unique is having a place to share and process feelings without judgement. As a counselor I strive to help my clients feel comfortable and provide the best care possible. I work with children, adolescents, and adults providing individual, couples, and family therapy. Whether you are struggling with mood changes, anxiety, trauma, or challenging relationships there is hope and support available!
Sometimes life can throw overwhelming circumstances and situations at us. Often it can be difficult to find someone who understands and can help you through it. What makes the therapeutic relationship unique is having a place to share and process feelings without judgement. As a counselor I strive to help my clients feel comfortable and provide the best care possible. I work with children, adolescents, and adults providing individual, couples, and family therapy. Whether you are struggling with mood changes, anxiety, trauma, or challenging relationships there is hope and support available!
(330) 400-3938 View (330) 400-3938
Photo of Sandra M Quotson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSC
Sandra M Quotson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSC
Serves Area
Hi there! I’m Sandi, an Ohio-based clinical and school counselor. Are you or your child, teen, or young adult feeling overwhelmed by school, anxiety, friendships, or life changes? One may be struggling to manage emotions or just not feeling like themselves. Parents and guardians may be noticing these challenges and looking to build a foundation of support. I work with individuals ages 5–21 on a wide range of concerns, and I welcome parent/guardian collaboration when it’s helpful to the client’s progress.
Hi there! I’m Sandi, an Ohio-based clinical and school counselor. Are you or your child, teen, or young adult feeling overwhelmed by school, anxiety, friendships, or life changes? One may be struggling to manage emotions or just not feeling like themselves. Parents and guardians may be noticing these challenges and looking to build a foundation of support. I work with individuals ages 5–21 on a wide range of concerns, and I welcome parent/guardian collaboration when it’s helpful to the client’s progress.
(330) 594-8118 View (330) 594-8118
Photo of Christopher Arthurs, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Christopher Arthurs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I'm Chris - a Licensed Professional Counselor. I hold a master’s degree in Clinical Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling from West Virginia University; and, I have years of experience working with individuals with substance use disorder and co-occurring mental health conditions. I seek to create a safe, welcoming space that is conducive for fostering personal growth. I utilize evidence-based modalities with a client-centered approach to support you on your journey towards wellness.
I'm Chris - a Licensed Professional Counselor. I hold a master’s degree in Clinical Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling from West Virginia University; and, I have years of experience working with individuals with substance use disorder and co-occurring mental health conditions. I seek to create a safe, welcoming space that is conducive for fostering personal growth. I utilize evidence-based modalities with a client-centered approach to support you on your journey towards wellness.
(330) 654-6537 View (330) 654-6537
Photo of Jessica Oates - Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness, Counselor, LPCC-S
Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness
Counselor, LPCC-S
Online Only
Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness focuses on meeting clients where they are at, wherever that may. Psychotherapy can turn hopelessness and distress into clarity and acceptance. By having a strong focus on your goals, we can develop a plan to tailor your care. Our clinicians work with children, adolescents, adults, families & couples to live their best lives. Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness, LLC has 8 locations across Columbiana, Mahoning and Jefferson counties, along with telehealth services available in Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania!
Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness focuses on meeting clients where they are at, wherever that may. Psychotherapy can turn hopelessness and distress into clarity and acceptance. By having a strong focus on your goals, we can develop a plan to tailor your care. Our clinicians work with children, adolescents, adults, families & couples to live their best lives. Insight Clinical Counseling and Wellness, LLC has 8 locations across Columbiana, Mahoning and Jefferson counties, along with telehealth services available in Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania!
(330) 302-6390 View (330) 302-6390
Photo of Jennifer Lanza - Jennifer Lanza DBA Aura Mind and Body LLC, Counselor, LPCC-S, LPAT
Jennifer Lanza DBA Aura Mind and Body LLC
Counselor, LPCC-S, LPAT
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Are you finding it difficult to find your path in life during this unprecedented time in human history? Are you struggling to cope with the demands of a rapidly changing world post pandemic? Are you questioning your goals and relationships, wondering if they are even want you want in your life anymore? We are living in a collective experience that has been previously unknown to us, causing us to ask many questions, and sometimes struggle to find answers. Now is the time to deeply explore your beliefs about how you live your life. There has never been a better time than NOW to get to know YOU.
Are you finding it difficult to find your path in life during this unprecedented time in human history? Are you struggling to cope with the demands of a rapidly changing world post pandemic? Are you questioning your goals and relationships, wondering if they are even want you want in your life anymore? We are living in a collective experience that has been previously unknown to us, causing us to ask many questions, and sometimes struggle to find answers. Now is the time to deeply explore your beliefs about how you live your life. There has never been a better time than NOW to get to know YOU.
(234) 320-3022 View (234) 320-3022
Photo of Alexis McAndrew, Counselor, LPCC-S
Alexis McAndrew
Counselor, LPCC-S
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life can feel overwhelming at times, and you don't have to navigate it alone. I strive to create a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered to make meaningful changes. Whether you're experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationship challenges, or simply feeling stuck, we'll work together to identify your strengths, build effective coping skills, and help you move toward the life you want. My goal is to meet you where you are and provide compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to your unique needs.
Life can feel overwhelming at times, and you don't have to navigate it alone. I strive to create a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered to make meaningful changes. Whether you're experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationship challenges, or simply feeling stuck, we'll work together to identify your strengths, build effective coping skills, and help you move toward the life you want. My goal is to meet you where you are and provide compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to your unique needs.
(330) 748-3066 View (330) 748-3066

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Nicole M Hyland, Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Nicole M Hyland
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
1 Endorsed
Canfield, OH 44406
I am passionate about treating individuals in the Mahoning Valley who are experiencing distress due to changes in their lives or symptoms that have become unmanageable. I focus on a collaborative approach in identifying behaviors that no longer serve you and assist in replacing them with coping strategies and interventions suited to your needs. Each session is tailored to the individual and presenting problems in order to best address what you need and what fits into your lifestyle. I received my undergraduate degree in Psychology and Sociology from The Ohio State University, and Master's degree in Counseling from Youngstown State.
I am passionate about treating individuals in the Mahoning Valley who are experiencing distress due to changes in their lives or symptoms that have become unmanageable. I focus on a collaborative approach in identifying behaviors that no longer serve you and assist in replacing them with coping strategies and interventions suited to your needs. Each session is tailored to the individual and presenting problems in order to best address what you need and what fits into your lifestyle. I received my undergraduate degree in Psychology and Sociology from The Ohio State University, and Master's degree in Counseling from Youngstown State.
(234) 414-2387 View (234) 414-2387
Photo of Kareem Ash, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Kareem Ash
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Pennsylvania. I received my master's degree from Bowling Green State University and have 25 years of experience in the mental health field. My experience ranges from working with children, adults and families. I look forward to working with those who are currently struggling with anxiety and depression. Are you ready to become a better you? Great! I am here for it. We’ve got work to do. Let’s go! During the first session, is where I’ll have an opportunity to get to know you! It’s where I open the door to explore how we can work together to accomplish your overall goals.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Pennsylvania. I received my master's degree from Bowling Green State University and have 25 years of experience in the mental health field. My experience ranges from working with children, adults and families. I look forward to working with those who are currently struggling with anxiety and depression. Are you ready to become a better you? Great! I am here for it. We’ve got work to do. Let’s go! During the first session, is where I’ll have an opportunity to get to know you! It’s where I open the door to explore how we can work together to accomplish your overall goals.
(330) 403-1269 View (330) 403-1269

See more therapy options for Columbiana

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbiana, OH

10+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Columbiana, OH who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Social Anxiety
100% Health Anxiety
100% Driving Anxiety
83% Stress
78% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% Aetna
88% Cigna and Evernorth
88% Anthem

How Therapists in Columbiana, OH see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbiana?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.