There are no results for therapists in Scotland

Check out therapists located nearby or offering teletherapy in Pennsylvania below.

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mikala Morrow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Mikala Morrow
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
If your emotions feel overwhelming, and they're trying to signal you that they need your attention, I am here to help you. I provide a safe, comfortable space to explore who you are and work with you to provide a better understanding of you. I am here to help you learn to identify and access your feelings. I offer encouragement to help you get to your goals. With me, you can speak openly and fully about your anxieties and fears. I'd love to help you find your purpose in life by helping you recognize your strengths.
If your emotions feel overwhelming, and they're trying to signal you that they need your attention, I am here to help you. I provide a safe, comfortable space to explore who you are and work with you to provide a better understanding of you. I am here to help you learn to identify and access your feelings. I offer encouragement to help you get to your goals. With me, you can speak openly and fully about your anxieties and fears. I'd love to help you find your purpose in life by helping you recognize your strengths.
(223) 217-2317 View (223) 217-2317
Photo of Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(814) 212-5439 View (814) 212-5439
David R Miller
Psychologist, PhD, MSPHARM
Verified Verified
Shippensburg, PA 17257
Waitlist for new clients
Hello. I have over 20 yrs of clinical experience with children, teens, and adults. I grew up in central Pennsylvania and attended Penn State for undergraduate schooling. I then earned a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Central Michigan University and later a masters degree in Psychopharmacology from Argosy University. I also completed a two year fellowship in Clinical Child Psychology to work with children, teens, and families. I enjoy working with all age groups. Whether you are a parent wanting support for your child or teenager or an adult I would be happy to help you.
Hello. I have over 20 yrs of clinical experience with children, teens, and adults. I grew up in central Pennsylvania and attended Penn State for undergraduate schooling. I then earned a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Central Michigan University and later a masters degree in Psychopharmacology from Argosy University. I also completed a two year fellowship in Clinical Child Psychology to work with children, teens, and families. I enjoy working with all age groups. Whether you are a parent wanting support for your child or teenager or an adult I would be happy to help you.
(717) 954-0293 View (717) 954-0293

Online Therapists

Photo of Todd Shirley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Todd Shirley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
Waiting lists are long, situations are urgent, and help can be hard to find. Compassionate and successful therapeautic care for you or your struggling teen is available through the counseling services I offer. If you or someone you know is struggling with issues like depression, anxiety, academic struggles, obsessive compulsive disorder, ADHD, self injury, sexual orientation, gender identity, or suicidal ideation reach out to set up an appointment or brief introductory virtual meeting. Weekend and evening appointment times are available. I know first hand how scary it can be to watch an adolescent you love struggle and suffer.
Waiting lists are long, situations are urgent, and help can be hard to find. Compassionate and successful therapeautic care for you or your struggling teen is available through the counseling services I offer. If you or someone you know is struggling with issues like depression, anxiety, academic struggles, obsessive compulsive disorder, ADHD, self injury, sexual orientation, gender identity, or suicidal ideation reach out to set up an appointment or brief introductory virtual meeting. Weekend and evening appointment times are available. I know first hand how scary it can be to watch an adolescent you love struggle and suffer.
(610) 557-8332 View (610) 557-8332
Photo of TriCounty Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
TriCounty Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, CSP
Verified Verified
Morgantown, PA 19543
Children, Adolecents, and Adults: ADHD, ADD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and OCD.
Thank you for considering my professional counseling services. No matter what has brought you here today, you have just taken your first step toward a successful change in your life. If you are suffering from a divorce, illness or loss, depression, anxiety, ADD, developmental issues, anger, or a disruption or transition in your life or your child's life; allow me to help you. As a therapist, I will utilize a warm, confidential, non-judgemental approach to assisting you with your issue. I enjoy helping children, adolescents and adults understand and cope with their issues. Together, we find solutions so you can meet your goals.
Children, Adolecents, and Adults: ADHD, ADD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and OCD.
Thank you for considering my professional counseling services. No matter what has brought you here today, you have just taken your first step toward a successful change in your life. If you are suffering from a divorce, illness or loss, depression, anxiety, ADD, developmental issues, anger, or a disruption or transition in your life or your child's life; allow me to help you. As a therapist, I will utilize a warm, confidential, non-judgemental approach to assisting you with your issue. I enjoy helping children, adolescents and adults understand and cope with their issues. Together, we find solutions so you can meet your goals.
(484) 271-6738 View (484) 271-6738
Photo of Christine DiPrinzio Guerrero, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Christine DiPrinzio Guerrero
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAADC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Shillington, PA 19607
Life is full of challenges and sometimes you need help to feel your best. I use a solution-focused approach that can result in rapid progress for depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, anger management, problem gambling, drug/alcohol, process addictions, codependency, DUI's, and Relationship/Marital issues. Hypnotherapy is available for in-person clients, and I can personalize it for almost any treatment issue, including anxiety, phobias, and smoking cessation. Call for more information. Evening hours available.
Life is full of challenges and sometimes you need help to feel your best. I use a solution-focused approach that can result in rapid progress for depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, anger management, problem gambling, drug/alcohol, process addictions, codependency, DUI's, and Relationship/Marital issues. Hypnotherapy is available for in-person clients, and I can personalize it for almost any treatment issue, including anxiety, phobias, and smoking cessation. Call for more information. Evening hours available.
(610) 810-1273 View (610) 810-1273
Photo of Advanced Counseling and Research Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Advanced Counseling and Research Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC-FL, CCMHC, CCTP, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17603
Advanced Counseling and Research Services provides a comprehensive array of professional counseling services to the greater Lancaster community. In general terms, these clinical services help clients address problematic issues in their lives that are impacting on their daily lives. Throughout the counseling experience, the counselor and client work collaboratively to address problems presented by the client. The overall purpose of counseling can be summarized in the following objectives: To identify the problematic issues facing each individual client seeking counseling. To identify secondary issues contributing to problem.
Advanced Counseling and Research Services provides a comprehensive array of professional counseling services to the greater Lancaster community. In general terms, these clinical services help clients address problematic issues in their lives that are impacting on their daily lives. Throughout the counseling experience, the counselor and client work collaboratively to address problems presented by the client. The overall purpose of counseling can be summarized in the following objectives: To identify the problematic issues facing each individual client seeking counseling. To identify secondary issues contributing to problem.
(717) 964-8581 View (717) 964-8581
Photo of Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Blairsville, PA 15717
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website at www.ccawpa.com for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(814) 788-2022 View (814) 788-2022
Photo of Dr Mary Berge & Associates, Psychologist in Scotland, PA
Dr Mary Berge & Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnstown, PA 15905  (Online Only)
At Dr. Mary Berge and Associates, you will be provided with the best care in the region, in our serene, and confidential, private practice setting. Our highly trained mental health specialists are ready to help you & your family, so don't wait another day to start changing your life... call now for an appointment.
At Dr. Mary Berge and Associates, you will be provided with the best care in the region, in our serene, and confidential, private practice setting. Our highly trained mental health specialists are ready to help you & your family, so don't wait another day to start changing your life... call now for an appointment.
(814) 247-0994 View (814) 247-0994
Photo of Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Christian Counseling Associates of Western PA
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Latrobe, PA 15650
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling, as well as intensive group therapy when desired. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling, as well as intensive group therapy when desired. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(724) 230-8263 View (724) 230-8263
Photo of ACTS for Kids, Counselor in Scotland, PA
ACTS for Kids
Counselor, PsyD, LPC, CSP, ABSNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17601
The end of the school year is coming fast. Do you want to get help for your child before summer? Looking for a clinician that specializes in treating & evaluating individuals (preschool through college-aged)? ACTS is an evidenced-based practice (use therapy proven effective; i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy). We have 2 convenient Locations; Wyomissing (Berks) & Mannheim Township (Lancaster). We want success for your child's cognitive & emotional wellness. We provide solutions for all types of cognitive, emotional or behavioral challenges, call today. We specialize in Counseling, Testing & Neurofeedback.
The end of the school year is coming fast. Do you want to get help for your child before summer? Looking for a clinician that specializes in treating & evaluating individuals (preschool through college-aged)? ACTS is an evidenced-based practice (use therapy proven effective; i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy). We have 2 convenient Locations; Wyomissing (Berks) & Mannheim Township (Lancaster). We want success for your child's cognitive & emotional wellness. We provide solutions for all types of cognitive, emotional or behavioral challenges, call today. We specialize in Counseling, Testing & Neurofeedback.
(717) 454-2315 View (717) 454-2315
Photo of Weicker, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scotland, PA
Weicker
Pre-Licensed Professional, MD*, MBA, CCTP
Verified Verified
Sinking Spring, PA 19608
Dr. Weicker was originally trained as a medical doctor " La Sapienza" University of Rome Italy in 1988. After moving to the United States in 1989, she embarked upon a new career in brain and colon cancer research at RI Hospital- Brown University for 4 years and a Thomas Jefferson for 2 years. Dr. Weicker also has been a College Professor in Anatomy and Physiology Pathophysiology, Nutrition and Herbs and Medicine college courses for 20 years, Penn State, Alvernia University, and Lehigh Carbon Community College. She has since earned a Master's Degree in Health Care from Alvernia University in 2004
Dr. Weicker was originally trained as a medical doctor " La Sapienza" University of Rome Italy in 1988. After moving to the United States in 1989, she embarked upon a new career in brain and colon cancer research at RI Hospital- Brown University for 4 years and a Thomas Jefferson for 2 years. Dr. Weicker also has been a College Professor in Anatomy and Physiology Pathophysiology, Nutrition and Herbs and Medicine college courses for 20 years, Penn State, Alvernia University, and Lehigh Carbon Community College. She has since earned a Master's Degree in Health Care from Alvernia University in 2004
(610) 670-8800 View (610) 670-8800
Photo of Stephen Michael Schuch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scotland, PA
Stephen Michael Schuch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Palmyra, PA 17078
With over 30 years of clinical practice, extensive continuing education, and an emphasis on what works rather than on what’s wrong, I tailor my approach to the specific needs of each individual, couple, family, and group for whom I provide service. Using proven methods, I am able to offer, among others, supportive, interactional, brief problem-solving, cognitive-behavioral, including trauma focused cognitive-behavioral, and relational psychotherapies. Common themes among my clients are concerns related to relationship difficulties, bereavement, mood disorders including depression, anxiety, childhood behavioral problems, eating disorders, compulsive and additive behaviors, and difficulties related to specific life circumstances.
With over 30 years of clinical practice, extensive continuing education, and an emphasis on what works rather than on what’s wrong, I tailor my approach to the specific needs of each individual, couple, family, and group for whom I provide service. Using proven methods, I am able to offer, among others, supportive, interactional, brief problem-solving, cognitive-behavioral, including trauma focused cognitive-behavioral, and relational psychotherapies. Common themes among my clients are concerns related to relationship difficulties, bereavement, mood disorders including depression, anxiety, childhood behavioral problems, eating disorders, compulsive and additive behaviors, and difficulties related to specific life circumstances.
(717) 229-7295 View (717) 229-7295
Photo of Mount North, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scotland, PA
Mount North, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Grampian, PA 16838
Stressed? Overwhelmed? Ready to feel better? You have started the process, the hardest part is the next step, reaching out and making an appointment. In the chaotic world we live in today, it is hard to reach that place of healing, self-fulfillment and achievement - but just because it is hard, that doesn't mean it is impossible. Whether it's the day-to-day stresses, traumatic events that haunt you or concerns for your children or loved ones - we are all vulnerable to the struggles of human existence and we don't have to walk our journeys alone. We utilize the best evidence-based practices from neurofeedback to talk therapy.
Stressed? Overwhelmed? Ready to feel better? You have started the process, the hardest part is the next step, reaching out and making an appointment. In the chaotic world we live in today, it is hard to reach that place of healing, self-fulfillment and achievement - but just because it is hard, that doesn't mean it is impossible. Whether it's the day-to-day stresses, traumatic events that haunt you or concerns for your children or loved ones - we are all vulnerable to the struggles of human existence and we don't have to walk our journeys alone. We utilize the best evidence-based practices from neurofeedback to talk therapy.
(814) 247-2792 View (814) 247-2792
Photo of Advanced Counseling and Testing Solutions, LLC., Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Advanced Counseling and Testing Solutions, LLC.
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, ABSNP
Verified Verified
Lancaster, PA 17601
Spring is here and the weather is changing, are you? ACTS is accepting new clients for Counseling/Psychotherapy, Neurofeedback, and Testing. ACTS is a reputable practice with a seasoned group of professionals with a long-standing reputation for helping clients achieve results. Whether you are lonely, experiencing turmoil or simply need solutions to life's challenges, ACTS is here! Stressed, depressed, anxious, feel overwhelmed; child having learning or behavioral challenges? ACTS excels at creating solutions to life's problems, in a caring & empathic environment. As Easter arrives and the weather changes, so should you...call now.
Spring is here and the weather is changing, are you? ACTS is accepting new clients for Counseling/Psychotherapy, Neurofeedback, and Testing. ACTS is a reputable practice with a seasoned group of professionals with a long-standing reputation for helping clients achieve results. Whether you are lonely, experiencing turmoil or simply need solutions to life's challenges, ACTS is here! Stressed, depressed, anxious, feel overwhelmed; child having learning or behavioral challenges? ACTS excels at creating solutions to life's problems, in a caring & empathic environment. As Easter arrives and the weather changes, so should you...call now.
(717) 523-9273 View (717) 523-9273
Photo of Amy Titzer Professional Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Amy Titzer Professional Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CHT
Verified Verified
Lancaster, PA 17601  (Online Only)
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders as well as life adjustment issues. I am also certified in clinical hypnosis to treat weight loss, smoking, sleep, confidence, and pain management. I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist in the mental health field. Although I have much experience and knowledge as a therapist, I believe people won't care how much you know until they know how much you care. We all need to be seen, heard, and understood, and so much healing happens then. I believe in the mind/body/spirit connection and I individualize my approach with each unique person.
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders as well as life adjustment issues. I am also certified in clinical hypnosis to treat weight loss, smoking, sleep, confidence, and pain management. I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist in the mental health field. Although I have much experience and knowledge as a therapist, I believe people won't care how much you know until they know how much you care. We all need to be seen, heard, and understood, and so much healing happens then. I believe in the mind/body/spirit connection and I individualize my approach with each unique person.
(717) 415-5287 View (717) 415-5287
Photo of Chris W Blough, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scotland, PA
Chris W Blough
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lemoyne, PA 17043
As an experienced therapist, I approach each client as an individual, with unique stories, experiences, and struggles; it is my intention to help each person develop a deeper and more postive understanding of themselves, and hopefully the world around them, including their relationships and activities; I believe we are all given gifts and abilties and my goal ultimately as a therapist is to assist in others discovery and developing the qualites that make them unique and can lead to a satisfactory and meaningful existence. I believe in learning about clients in a non-judgemental and person centered manner.
As an experienced therapist, I approach each client as an individual, with unique stories, experiences, and struggles; it is my intention to help each person develop a deeper and more postive understanding of themselves, and hopefully the world around them, including their relationships and activities; I believe we are all given gifts and abilties and my goal ultimately as a therapist is to assist in others discovery and developing the qualites that make them unique and can lead to a satisfactory and meaningful existence. I believe in learning about clients in a non-judgemental and person centered manner.
(717) 401-3551 View (717) 401-3551
Photo of Michelle Batz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scotland, PA
Michelle Batz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palmyra, PA 17078
Hello. I offer both online and in person sessions. Welcome to your journey towards healing. In my practice we look to understand. There is no judgment. You cannot get there before you get there or know something before you know it. We focus on releasing the dysregulation we carry so there is more room for joy. My process is to teach people about their nervous system, how and why we become dysregulated, for example anxious or depressed, and offer ways to self-regulate and release the dysregulation through EMDR, Somatic Experiencing and other supporting approaches.
Hello. I offer both online and in person sessions. Welcome to your journey towards healing. In my practice we look to understand. There is no judgment. You cannot get there before you get there or know something before you know it. We focus on releasing the dysregulation we carry so there is more room for joy. My process is to teach people about their nervous system, how and why we become dysregulated, for example anxious or depressed, and offer ways to self-regulate and release the dysregulation through EMDR, Somatic Experiencing and other supporting approaches.
(717) 949-7380 View (717) 949-7380
Photo of Mind Matters Counseling & Psychological Associates, Psychologist in Scotland, PA
Mind Matters Counseling & Psychological Associates
Psychologist, PsyD, LCSW, NCSP, ABSNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orwigsburg, PA 17961
Mind Matters is a private outpatient mental health practice serving Schuylkill and Berks County, as well as the Lehigh Valley. Our vision is to help bring peace of mind, growth, and healing to those struggling with matters of the mind. Our mission is to guide others on their life journey and help them understand that the mind matters. We also hope to assist other’s in the growth and transformation of their mind, heart, and soul. We strive to offer a safe place where people feel loved and cared for so that they can reach their personal and professional life goals. At Mind Matters, we believe that every mind matters!
Mind Matters is a private outpatient mental health practice serving Schuylkill and Berks County, as well as the Lehigh Valley. Our vision is to help bring peace of mind, growth, and healing to those struggling with matters of the mind. Our mission is to guide others on their life journey and help them understand that the mind matters. We also hope to assist other’s in the growth and transformation of their mind, heart, and soul. We strive to offer a safe place where people feel loved and cared for so that they can reach their personal and professional life goals. At Mind Matters, we believe that every mind matters!
(570) 678-1831 View (570) 678-1831
Photo of April Barry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scotland, PA
April Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hershey, PA 17033  (Online Only)
Do you seek a deeper understanding of why you do the things you do? Are you struggling but you’re not exactly sure why or what to do about it? Taking the step to explore a better understanding of yourself in therapy, is empowering, purposeful, and courageous. Through an authentic connection and openness, I believe change, growth, and healing can occur. Together, we identify areas that are impacting your thinking, behavior, and relationships, seek out and examine their origin, find meaning, and work towards achieving and practicing new, healthier ways of relating and understanding.
Do you seek a deeper understanding of why you do the things you do? Are you struggling but you’re not exactly sure why or what to do about it? Taking the step to explore a better understanding of yourself in therapy, is empowering, purposeful, and courageous. Through an authentic connection and openness, I believe change, growth, and healing can occur. Together, we identify areas that are impacting your thinking, behavior, and relationships, seek out and examine their origin, find meaning, and work towards achieving and practicing new, healthier ways of relating and understanding.
(717) 837-3507 View (717) 837-3507
Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Therapists

How long does OCD treatment take?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often treated on a weekly or twice-weekly schedule, depending on symptom severity and the client’s preferences. Some clients may start to see a noticeable improvement in symptoms in as little as six weeks, but it’s also possible, especially in more severe cases, for treatment to take several months to a year before significant progress is made.

What happens if OCD is not treated?

Some people with OCD, especially those with mild symptoms, may find that they are able to adapt reasonably well to life with the condition, even if their symptoms never resolve completely. However, many people, particularly those whose symptoms are severe at the outset, find that their obsessions and compulsions grow more intrusive with time, making it harder to maintain relationships, hold down a job, or navigate the world successfully.

Are there medications for OCD?

Medication can be used to treat OCD. The class of drugs most often prescribed are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which include fluvoxamine (under the brand name Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft), among others. In cases of treatment-resistant OCD, other classes of medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants or atypical antipsychotics, may be prescribed. Medication is frequently used in conjunction with therapy.

Can OCD come back after treatment?

Yes. Major life transitions, periods of stress, or other factors can cause symptoms to return or, if they were never fully eradicated, to ramp back up in intensity. For some, these relapses are brief and do not require additional treatment; identifying specific triggers and practicing the skills learned in therapy can help speed their course. For others, returning to therapy for a brief period can help address the underlying stress and strengthen coping mechanisms.