Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Salima Shah, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Salima Shah
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104
You’ve gotten this far because your behaviors or beliefs provided a sense of safety and self-regulation at one point. Some of them may not work anymore or they’re no longer serving you in the way you want, so let’s work on meeting your needs in a different way. On top of doing trauma work, reframing negative thoughts, and giving you realistic coping skills, I put a large emphasis on educating you so you better understand why you are struggling with the things that cause you distress. I find that providing you with this type of knowledge is a form of empowerment!
You’ve gotten this far because your behaviors or beliefs provided a sense of safety and self-regulation at one point. Some of them may not work anymore or they’re no longer serving you in the way you want, so let’s work on meeting your needs in a different way. On top of doing trauma work, reframing negative thoughts, and giving you realistic coping skills, I put a large emphasis on educating you so you better understand why you are struggling with the things that cause you distress. I find that providing you with this type of knowledge is a form of empowerment!
(267) 574-9657 View (267) 574-9657
Photo of Beatrice Desir in Philadelphia, PA
Beatrice Desir
DO
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19134  (Online Only)
Dr. Desir is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who completed her undergraduate training at The University of Scranton followed by medical school at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine. She completed her psychiatry residency at Nassau University Medical Center where she served as the Administrative Chief Resident in her final year. Dr. Desir has been in practice for 4 years and has provided patients with compassionate psychiatric care. She is experienced in treating various psychiatric illnesses including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and ADHD.
Dr. Desir is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who completed her undergraduate training at The University of Scranton followed by medical school at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine. She completed her psychiatry residency at Nassau University Medical Center where she served as the Administrative Chief Resident in her final year. Dr. Desir has been in practice for 4 years and has provided patients with compassionate psychiatric care. She is experienced in treating various psychiatric illnesses including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and ADHD.
(267) 361-2038 View (267) 361-2038
Photo of Ellen J Siegel, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Ellen J Siegel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
It's not easy to find the right psychotherapist. You want someone who is empathic while remaining professional, intuitive as well as smart, compassionate without sacrificing competence, warm but able to remain clear and focused. Someone you "click" with, someone you can trust and have confidence in, someone who will be your ally in figuring out the puzzle that is you. With over 30 years' experience as a licensed Clinical Psychologist in Center City Philadelphia, I may be the psychotherapist you seek. I specialize in treating individual adults and couples with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, or life transitions.
It's not easy to find the right psychotherapist. You want someone who is empathic while remaining professional, intuitive as well as smart, compassionate without sacrificing competence, warm but able to remain clear and focused. Someone you "click" with, someone you can trust and have confidence in, someone who will be your ally in figuring out the puzzle that is you. With over 30 years' experience as a licensed Clinical Psychologist in Center City Philadelphia, I may be the psychotherapist you seek. I specialize in treating individual adults and couples with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, or life transitions.
(215) 995-0037 View (215) 995-0037
Photo of Kyle Schultz, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Kyle Schultz
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Good therapeutic experiences are created through a balance of support and challenge in the context of a good therapeutic relationship. As a therapist, I try to create support by listening carefully, trying hard to understand, highlighting your strengths, validating your experiences, and celebrating your growth. I try to provide challenge by encouraging you to develop insight into your your situation, presenting concerns. thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and considering what, if anything, you want to change about these things. (Currently taking EMDR clients)
Good therapeutic experiences are created through a balance of support and challenge in the context of a good therapeutic relationship. As a therapist, I try to create support by listening carefully, trying hard to understand, highlighting your strengths, validating your experiences, and celebrating your growth. I try to provide challenge by encouraging you to develop insight into your your situation, presenting concerns. thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and considering what, if anything, you want to change about these things. (Currently taking EMDR clients)
(215) 607-7668 View (215) 607-7668
Photo of Francesca Papazis, LPC Intern in Philadelphia, PA
Francesca Papazis
LPC Intern, MSEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I believe you know yourself better than anyone else. I also believe humans are built for connection, and when you find a therapist that is the right fit for your needs, therapy can be healing. I encourage safety and empowerment during sessions, while compassionately challenging you to work toward your individual goals and embrace your intuitive sense of self.
I believe you know yourself better than anyone else. I also believe humans are built for connection, and when you find a therapist that is the right fit for your needs, therapy can be healing. I encourage safety and empowerment during sessions, while compassionately challenging you to work toward your individual goals and embrace your intuitive sense of self.
(267) 651-0660 View (267) 651-0660
Photo of Laura Geftman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Laura Geftman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19106  (Online Only)
I am here for you. When times are tough, it’s important to have the right support to nurture hope, focus on strength, and harness the power of uncertainty. You can stop surviving and start living again. Together we can explore the darkness & the light, and find your way thru it. We will tailor an approach to support your intentions, needs, and goals. You will become more aware of your core beliefs and better understand your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. You’ll find our work to discover insight, self-acceptance, and freedom challenging but also profoundly supportive.
I am here for you. When times are tough, it’s important to have the right support to nurture hope, focus on strength, and harness the power of uncertainty. You can stop surviving and start living again. Together we can explore the darkness & the light, and find your way thru it. We will tailor an approach to support your intentions, needs, and goals. You will become more aware of your core beliefs and better understand your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. You’ll find our work to discover insight, self-acceptance, and freedom challenging but also profoundly supportive.
(267) 550-5130 View (267) 550-5130
Photo of Tatiana Kryzhanovskaya-Lutsik, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Tatiana Kryzhanovskaya-Lutsik
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Tatiana, a licensed professional counselor and a certified Gestalt therapist in Pennsylvania. I have been licensed since 2008 and I have a Master of Science in Psychology, a Post-Master certification in Clinical psychology, and a certification in Gestalt therapy from the Gestalt Training Institute of Philadelphia.
Hello, I'm Tatiana, a licensed professional counselor and a certified Gestalt therapist in Pennsylvania. I have been licensed since 2008 and I have a Master of Science in Psychology, a Post-Master certification in Clinical psychology, and a certification in Gestalt therapy from the Gestalt Training Institute of Philadelphia.
(484) 207-6765 View (484) 207-6765
Photo of Abby Alderfer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Abby Alderfer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19134  (Online Only)
I am here to walk beside you and assist you with meeting your goals. I work with individuals seeking to change what is not working for them or wanting something different so that they can pursue their goals, function on a daily basis, and live their life to the fullest potential.
I am here to walk beside you and assist you with meeting your goals. I work with individuals seeking to change what is not working for them or wanting something different so that they can pursue their goals, function on a daily basis, and live their life to the fullest potential.
(267) 641-5737 View (267) 641-5737
Photo of Joseph Gary Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Joseph Gary Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19131
I am a highly qualified psychotherapist-counselor and licensed clinical social worker. I have extensive experience in mental health and have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of the human mind. I am committed to helping people navigate complex emotional and psychological issues. If you’re struggling with any kind of mental health issue, I am here to help you.
I am a highly qualified psychotherapist-counselor and licensed clinical social worker. I have extensive experience in mental health and have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of the human mind. I am committed to helping people navigate complex emotional and psychological issues. If you’re struggling with any kind of mental health issue, I am here to help you.
(484) 559-7349 View (484) 559-7349
Photo of Christina Belknap, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Christina Belknap
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My ideal client aims to engage in an active partnership to build self-awareness and take action to make a change. I will give you feedback and challenge you, which is not everyone’s cup of tea! I work best with those suffering from anxiety, panic attacks, overwhelm, trauma, or emotional flooding. Many of my clients report that our work helped them shift from survival mode to a sense of thriving. I suggest homework; your progress is based on your willingness to practice. The ideal client for my strengths is someone who wants to learn and shift by discovering tangible skills and techniques they can use in their own lives.
My ideal client aims to engage in an active partnership to build self-awareness and take action to make a change. I will give you feedback and challenge you, which is not everyone’s cup of tea! I work best with those suffering from anxiety, panic attacks, overwhelm, trauma, or emotional flooding. Many of my clients report that our work helped them shift from survival mode to a sense of thriving. I suggest homework; your progress is based on your willingness to practice. The ideal client for my strengths is someone who wants to learn and shift by discovering tangible skills and techniques they can use in their own lives.
(267) 551-5146 View (267) 551-5146
Photo of Jessica Pavelka, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jessica Pavelka
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CYT
Verified Verified
31 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Do you often feel anxious or overwhelmed? Is a lack of motivation keeping you from doing the things you want to do? Whether you're dealing with feelings of sadness, anger, irritability, or using unhealthy coping strategies, I'm here to accompany you on your journey toward inner wellness. What does fulfillment mean to you, and what barriers hinder you from achieving it? In our sessions, we will explore these topics alongside your goals. I will offer valuable insights, tools, and unwavering support. My multi-faceted approach is tailored to meet your unique needs.
Do you often feel anxious or overwhelmed? Is a lack of motivation keeping you from doing the things you want to do? Whether you're dealing with feelings of sadness, anger, irritability, or using unhealthy coping strategies, I'm here to accompany you on your journey toward inner wellness. What does fulfillment mean to you, and what barriers hinder you from achieving it? In our sessions, we will explore these topics alongside your goals. I will offer valuable insights, tools, and unwavering support. My multi-faceted approach is tailored to meet your unique needs.
(267) 733-6437 View (267) 733-6437
Photo of K & K Holistic Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
K & K Holistic Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
Navigating the complexities of being human can be as rewarding as it is complicated. Our journeys are filled with moments that require us to muster resilience, practice self-compassion, and foster hope—even when the path seems unclear. It's not uncommon to find ourselves ensnared in cycles of negative thinking that foster shame, grappling with emotional regulation that impacts our relationships, or struggling to stay anchored in the present, affecting our decision-making abilities. At K & K Holistic Counseling, we are dedicated to guiding you through these challenges, helping you cultivate a life of significance and joy.
Navigating the complexities of being human can be as rewarding as it is complicated. Our journeys are filled with moments that require us to muster resilience, practice self-compassion, and foster hope—even when the path seems unclear. It's not uncommon to find ourselves ensnared in cycles of negative thinking that foster shame, grappling with emotional regulation that impacts our relationships, or struggling to stay anchored in the present, affecting our decision-making abilities. At K & K Holistic Counseling, we are dedicated to guiding you through these challenges, helping you cultivate a life of significance and joy.
(267) 729-9590 View (267) 729-9590
Photo of Orchid Mental Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Orchid Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
At Orchid Mental Health, we understand how challenging it can be to seek support for mental health concerns. We want to assure you that our team is here to help you navigate this journey with compassion and expertise. As a dedicated mental health professional, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions.
At Orchid Mental Health, we understand how challenging it can be to seek support for mental health concerns. We want to assure you that our team is here to help you navigate this journey with compassion and expertise. As a dedicated mental health professional, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions.
(267) 494-0508 View (267) 494-0508
Photo of Alisa Stamps, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Alisa Stamps
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
You look in the mirror and see the "bad" traits. That you're not thin enough, not righteous enough, not "good" enough. You realize that these traits were projected there by someone else--a partner, or maybe even a parent. You want to recover from perhaps a lifetime of emotional pain and narcissistic abuse but you don't know where to begin...I specialize in treating adult children of narcissists, cult abuse/religious trauma survivors, and those struggling with disordered eating and body image issues. I can support you in developing your inner strengths so that when you look in the mirror it will be your true self staring back at you.
You look in the mirror and see the "bad" traits. That you're not thin enough, not righteous enough, not "good" enough. You realize that these traits were projected there by someone else--a partner, or maybe even a parent. You want to recover from perhaps a lifetime of emotional pain and narcissistic abuse but you don't know where to begin...I specialize in treating adult children of narcissists, cult abuse/religious trauma survivors, and those struggling with disordered eating and body image issues. I can support you in developing your inner strengths so that when you look in the mirror it will be your true self staring back at you.
(267) 642-5396 View (267) 642-5396
Photo of Jacqueline Falkenheim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Jacqueline Falkenheim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Why seek psychotherapy? Are you feeling uncomfortable in your relationships, misunderstood, overwhelmed, helpless, depressed, or anxious, and unable to fulfill your needs and desires? I have spent many years assisting people grow and make emotional changes that help them feel more buoyant, successful and expansive in all aspects of their lives. I aim to create an environment that is nurturing, tender, safe and conducive to the exploration of your wishes, resources, disappointments and fears. My goal is to attend to the complexity of a person's experience, offering you the time and space to become known contentedly to yourself and others.
Why seek psychotherapy? Are you feeling uncomfortable in your relationships, misunderstood, overwhelmed, helpless, depressed, or anxious, and unable to fulfill your needs and desires? I have spent many years assisting people grow and make emotional changes that help them feel more buoyant, successful and expansive in all aspects of their lives. I aim to create an environment that is nurturing, tender, safe and conducive to the exploration of your wishes, resources, disappointments and fears. My goal is to attend to the complexity of a person's experience, offering you the time and space to become known contentedly to yourself and others.
(610) 915-8252 View (610) 915-8252
Photo of Marquia Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Marquia Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
An ideal client for me is someone who has difficulty managing their emotions, engages in frequent negative thinking, and has trouble communicating their needs with family and friends. They want to decrease their anxious or depressive behaviors but have little knowledge of how to begin regulating their emotions.
An ideal client for me is someone who has difficulty managing their emotions, engages in frequent negative thinking, and has trouble communicating their needs with family and friends. They want to decrease their anxious or depressive behaviors but have little knowledge of how to begin regulating their emotions.
(267) 313-5042 View (267) 313-5042
Dr. Laura Windham (Chrysalis)
Psychologist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Chrysalis invites professional women interested in understanding themselves better to improve their relationships, change unhealthy patterns and ultimately discover their highest potential. Having worked primarily with professional and high profile women for the over 20 years, my expertise includes most any work or life struggle which women face. I tend to be quite casual in my approach and I am also very active and directive with my patients.
Chrysalis invites professional women interested in understanding themselves better to improve their relationships, change unhealthy patterns and ultimately discover their highest potential. Having worked primarily with professional and high profile women for the over 20 years, my expertise includes most any work or life struggle which women face. I tend to be quite casual in my approach and I am also very active and directive with my patients.
(267) 362-9980 View (267) 362-9980
Photo of Monica Santiago, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Monica Santiago
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19123  (Online Only)
Seeking help and support is a sign of personal strength, not an admission of weakness. However, this is not the message we always receive from those around us. Engaging in therapy can be a scary thing to sign up for. I take this into account when meeting with my clients. I believe in providing my clients with a sincere effort to build a therapeutic relationship by getting to know each person and providing professional, honest feedback to move forward towards their personal growth. I believe in addressing personal goals and checking in on where the client’s mindset is, as life tends to throw us unexpected changes at unexpected times.
Seeking help and support is a sign of personal strength, not an admission of weakness. However, this is not the message we always receive from those around us. Engaging in therapy can be a scary thing to sign up for. I take this into account when meeting with my clients. I believe in providing my clients with a sincere effort to build a therapeutic relationship by getting to know each person and providing professional, honest feedback to move forward towards their personal growth. I believe in addressing personal goals and checking in on where the client’s mindset is, as life tends to throw us unexpected changes at unexpected times.
(267) 574-9345 View (267) 574-9345
Photo of Liora Schneider, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Liora Schneider
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
If anxiety, depression, substance use, trauma or relationship issues are in your way, you are not alone. If you were raised in a chaotic family system, you are not alone. There are so many ways we get derailed in life and I would love to help you find your truest self. I am an integrative psychologist and use Mindfulness, DBT, Psychodynamic and Trauma-focused orientation to help uncover the joy that is missing in your life. We all deserve a chance to heal and find our passion and contentment in life. My work with you is collaborative and focused on changing what is possible to change so that you feel good about yourself.
If anxiety, depression, substance use, trauma or relationship issues are in your way, you are not alone. If you were raised in a chaotic family system, you are not alone. There are so many ways we get derailed in life and I would love to help you find your truest self. I am an integrative psychologist and use Mindfulness, DBT, Psychodynamic and Trauma-focused orientation to help uncover the joy that is missing in your life. We all deserve a chance to heal and find our passion and contentment in life. My work with you is collaborative and focused on changing what is possible to change so that you feel good about yourself.
(484) 746-5082 View (484) 746-5082
Photo of Carole Showell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Carole Showell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19129  (Online Only)
For the past decade, my goal as a clinician has been to support others with marginalized identities in their journey of healing from trauma and navigating the challenges of daily life. I have 9 years of experience working in community mental health clinics and LGBTQIA+ health centers. I work with a diverse range of clients, from adolescents to seniors and individuals from a multitude of ethnicities and cultures. I specialize in the use of proven, evidence-based treatments to support clients in their recovery from trauma/Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), managing depression, anxiety, other mood disorders.
For the past decade, my goal as a clinician has been to support others with marginalized identities in their journey of healing from trauma and navigating the challenges of daily life. I have 9 years of experience working in community mental health clinics and LGBTQIA+ health centers. I work with a diverse range of clients, from adolescents to seniors and individuals from a multitude of ethnicities and cultures. I specialize in the use of proven, evidence-based treatments to support clients in their recovery from trauma/Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), managing depression, anxiety, other mood disorders.
(215) 515-2684 View (215) 515-2684

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.