Photo of Dr. John G. Kuna and Associates, Psychologist in Danville, PA
Dr. John G. Kuna and Associates
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Danville, PA 17821
In a confidential and compassionate environment, we provide evidence-based, counseling/therapy services to individuals, couples, families, children, teens, and adults for a variety of issues. We also provide neuro-psychological testing and evaluation that may be needed for a variety of reasons: determination of a possible learning disability (AHDH, Autism), fitness for medical procedures (bariatric), Fitness for duty/Lethal weapons testing (Act 235/Act 120) . We accept most (private and state) insurances, have 12 convenient locations, and offer evening and weekend appointments. Please visit out website for more information on our therapists, location, and how we can help you.
In a confidential and compassionate environment, we provide evidence-based, counseling/therapy services to individuals, couples, families, children, teens, and adults for a variety of issues. We also provide neuro-psychological testing and evaluation that may be needed for a variety of reasons: determination of a possible learning disability (AHDH, Autism), fitness for medical procedures (bariatric), Fitness for duty/Lethal weapons testing (Act 235/Act 120) . We accept most (private and state) insurances, have 12 convenient locations, and offer evening and weekend appointments. Please visit out website for more information on our therapists, location, and how we can help you.
(570) 437-0985 View (570) 437-0985

Online Therapists

Photo of The Anxiety & OCD Treatment Center of Central PA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Danville, PA
The Anxiety & OCD Treatment Center of Central PA
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Camp Hill, PA 17011
Our specialized experience in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety disorders, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, BFRBs, and specific phobias will help you meet your goals and improve your life. We can also help with other life issues. Our approach to treatment involves collaborative goal-setting with clients to determine areas for intervention and the use of evidence-based treatment methods tailored to each individual. We provide in-office, in-home services, intensive outpatient OCD treatment, group, and virtual sessions.
Our specialized experience in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety disorders, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, BFRBs, and specific phobias will help you meet your goals and improve your life. We can also help with other life issues. Our approach to treatment involves collaborative goal-setting with clients to determine areas for intervention and the use of evidence-based treatment methods tailored to each individual. We provide in-office, in-home services, intensive outpatient OCD treatment, group, and virtual sessions.
(717) 647-5270 View (717) 647-5270
Photo of Dr. Monir F Morgan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Danville, PA
Dr. Monir F Morgan
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD , PhD , LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
Norristown, PA 19401
I have wide experience and extensive training in working with clients presenting with addiction, anxiety, ADHD, anger management, behavioral issues, depression, family issues, grief /loss, infidelity, mood disorders, OCD, oppositional defiance, parenting challenges, relationship issues, PTSD, self-esteem issues, socialization issues, and thought disorders.
I am a passionate, client-centered, and skilled Licensed Professional Counselor. I strive to meet my clients wherever they happen to be in the moment of seeking therapy and help them get to where they want to be through using evidence-based interventions, encouragement, support, and empowerment. It is my privilege to offer help and hope to my clients who are facing challenges in their life’s journey. I strongly believe that clients are the expert on their own lives and they have the answers to their own questions. My role is to work with my clients to find those answers, and help them become the best version of themselves.
I have wide experience and extensive training in working with clients presenting with addiction, anxiety, ADHD, anger management, behavioral issues, depression, family issues, grief /loss, infidelity, mood disorders, OCD, oppositional defiance, parenting challenges, relationship issues, PTSD, self-esteem issues, socialization issues, and thought disorders.
I am a passionate, client-centered, and skilled Licensed Professional Counselor. I strive to meet my clients wherever they happen to be in the moment of seeking therapy and help them get to where they want to be through using evidence-based interventions, encouragement, support, and empowerment. It is my privilege to offer help and hope to my clients who are facing challenges in their life’s journey. I strongly believe that clients are the expert on their own lives and they have the answers to their own questions. My role is to work with my clients to find those answers, and help them become the best version of themselves.
(484) 218-2652 View (484) 218-2652
Photo of Promising Pathways Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Danville, PA
Promising Pathways Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BSL, CCATP, CTMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
King Of Prussia, PA 19406  (Online Only)
SECURE ONLINE SESSIONS PROVIDED. Life's challenges can be quite overwhelming and may leave you or a family member feeling lost and alone not knowing where to turn. Pause for a moment and know I hear you and I can help!!! By working together, you will learn coping skills and strategies to meet your specific needs. My background includes working with children, adolescents, and adults who are struggling with issues such as: Anxiety, grief, self-esteem issues, confidence, symptoms of OCD, anger management, and social skills. My goal is for you to regain that feeling of happiness, self-control, inner peace, and HOPE.
SECURE ONLINE SESSIONS PROVIDED. Life's challenges can be quite overwhelming and may leave you or a family member feeling lost and alone not knowing where to turn. Pause for a moment and know I hear you and I can help!!! By working together, you will learn coping skills and strategies to meet your specific needs. My background includes working with children, adolescents, and adults who are struggling with issues such as: Anxiety, grief, self-esteem issues, confidence, symptoms of OCD, anger management, and social skills. My goal is for you to regain that feeling of happiness, self-control, inner peace, and HOPE.
(484) 649-6064 View (484) 649-6064
Photo of Goody Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Danville, PA
Goody Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LGPC, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
York, PA 17404  (Online Only)
We provide expert-level treatment with varying levels of intensity to treat Anxiety Disorders, Depression and other Mood Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRB's), Trauma, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), major life transitions, and other introspective aspirations.
We understand that each person approaches treatment with a unique set of circumstances and obstacles. Good Counseling Services provides a comprehensive, individually-tailored approach to you and your needs.
We provide expert-level treatment with varying levels of intensity to treat Anxiety Disorders, Depression and other Mood Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRB's), Trauma, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), major life transitions, and other introspective aspirations.
We understand that each person approaches treatment with a unique set of circumstances and obstacles. Good Counseling Services provides a comprehensive, individually-tailored approach to you and your needs.
(833) 244-5224 View (833) 244-5224
Photo of Cornerstone Therapy and Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Danville, PA
Cornerstone Therapy and Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Malvern, PA 19355
Your full-service psychotherapy practice offering counseling, psychiatry, psychological testing and nutritional services for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Our goal is to partner with you in “building the foundation for healthy living,” through providing quality, comprehensive care. Our practice is designed to make quality mental health care as accessible and stress-free as possible. We will streamline care from aligning you with the appropriate therapist to meet your individual needs.
Your full-service psychotherapy practice offering counseling, psychiatry, psychological testing and nutritional services for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Our goal is to partner with you in “building the foundation for healthy living,” through providing quality, comprehensive care. Our practice is designed to make quality mental health care as accessible and stress-free as possible. We will streamline care from aligning you with the appropriate therapist to meet your individual needs.
(610) 616-5935 View (610) 616-5935
Theodore Fallon
MD, FAACAP, FABP
Verified Verified
Radnor, PA 19087
I have over 30 years experience as a child and adult psychotherapist and psychiatrist. I practice primarily psychotherapy, addressing a full range of issues from emotional strains, trauma, loss and anxiety to developmental issues including autistic spectrum presentations, and psychosis. I am former Chair of the Child and Adolescent Psychoanalytic Training Program at the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia. During this time of COVID and with the myriad of changes in our world, lives become unsettled at home, in our work, in our families and in our personal relationships. I work with children, adults, families, parents and infants.
I have over 30 years experience as a child and adult psychotherapist and psychiatrist. I practice primarily psychotherapy, addressing a full range of issues from emotional strains, trauma, loss and anxiety to developmental issues including autistic spectrum presentations, and psychosis. I am former Chair of the Child and Adolescent Psychoanalytic Training Program at the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia. During this time of COVID and with the myriad of changes in our world, lives become unsettled at home, in our work, in our families and in our personal relationships. I work with children, adults, families, parents and infants.
(610) 616-5909 View (610) 616-5909
Photo of Dr. Sarah Caverly, Psychologist in Danville, PA
Dr. Sarah Caverly
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansdale, PA 19446
There are many reasons why people struggle in their daily lives, which leads them to seek out therapy. Sometimes, it's because people want to learn more about themselves or cope with stressors and relationships; other times, it's due to specific issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, etc.) that are starting to significantly impact their lives and functioning. We will work together to get to the root of the issue and learn ways to cope with these challenges so you can find fulfillment in your life. It is incredibly meaningful to me to help others learn about themselves and grow through the therapeutic process.
There are many reasons why people struggle in their daily lives, which leads them to seek out therapy. Sometimes, it's because people want to learn more about themselves or cope with stressors and relationships; other times, it's due to specific issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, etc.) that are starting to significantly impact their lives and functioning. We will work together to get to the root of the issue and learn ways to cope with these challenges so you can find fulfillment in your life. It is incredibly meaningful to me to help others learn about themselves and grow through the therapeutic process.
(267) 459-4030 View (267) 459-4030
Photo of Dr Tina Gonzales, LLC, Psychologist in Danville, PA
Dr Tina Gonzales, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist and I work specifically with children, adolescents, young adults and families who are interested in navigating life's challenges, gaining new perspective, and building better relationships. My therapeutic approach is integrative as I integrate evidence-based practices with client focused goals to produce meaningful results.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist and I work specifically with children, adolescents, young adults and families who are interested in navigating life's challenges, gaining new perspective, and building better relationships. My therapeutic approach is integrative as I integrate evidence-based practices with client focused goals to produce meaningful results.
(267) 263-7873 View (267) 263-7873
Photo of Authentic Therapy Services LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Danville, PA
Authentic Therapy Services LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC-S
Verified Verified
York, PA 17401  (Online Only)
Authentic Therapy Services provides neurodiversity- affirming, LGBTQIA-affirming, and trauma- informed virtual mental health counseling and assessment services for clients 18+ in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Owned by an openly Autistic and ADHD therapist, Authentic Therapy Services offers person-centered support guided by values of authenticity, curiosity, compassion, and self- advocacy that emphasizes clients as the ultimate authority on their own lived experiences. Practice specializations include Autism, ADHD, late diagnosis/identification, complex trauma, demand avoidance, neurodivergent burnout recovery, and identity exploration.
Authentic Therapy Services provides neurodiversity- affirming, LGBTQIA-affirming, and trauma- informed virtual mental health counseling and assessment services for clients 18+ in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Owned by an openly Autistic and ADHD therapist, Authentic Therapy Services offers person-centered support guided by values of authenticity, curiosity, compassion, and self- advocacy that emphasizes clients as the ultimate authority on their own lived experiences. Practice specializations include Autism, ADHD, late diagnosis/identification, complex trauma, demand avoidance, neurodivergent burnout recovery, and identity exploration.
(717) 510-1369 View (717) 510-1369
Photo of Michael Clemente, Licensed Professional Counselor in Danville, PA
Michael Clemente
Licensed Professional Counselor, BCBA, LPC, NCC, LBS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19128
My name is Michael and I am the owner of the Behavior & Counseling Center, Board Certified Behavior Analyst, Licensed Professional Counselor, National Certified Counselor, and Licensed Behavior Specialist. I have extensive experience working within the field of ABA/behavior modification as well as within the field of clinical counseling. I work within the framework of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) while incorporating a person-centered approach for my psychotherapy clients, and intertwine Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and (CBT) for my children and adolescent clients.
My name is Michael and I am the owner of the Behavior & Counseling Center, Board Certified Behavior Analyst, Licensed Professional Counselor, National Certified Counselor, and Licensed Behavior Specialist. I have extensive experience working within the field of ABA/behavior modification as well as within the field of clinical counseling. I work within the framework of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) while incorporating a person-centered approach for my psychotherapy clients, and intertwine Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and (CBT) for my children and adolescent clients.
(215) 544-2706 View (215) 544-2706
Photo of Kristine V. Spano, Psychologist in Danville, PA
Kristine V. Spano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Paoli, PA 19301
Rittenhouse Psychiatric Associates is a private practice comprised of over 20 psychiatrists, psychiatric nurse practitioners and psychotherapists who perform in-office and virtual Telehealth psychiatric evaluations, medication management and psychotherapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in Pennsylvania. and New York. My job is to help clients identify how they feel about themselves and circumstances in their lives and to assist in the navigation of these experiences. In addition to psychotherapy, I perform comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations for accommodations for work and school.
Rittenhouse Psychiatric Associates is a private practice comprised of over 20 psychiatrists, psychiatric nurse practitioners and psychotherapists who perform in-office and virtual Telehealth psychiatric evaluations, medication management and psychotherapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in Pennsylvania. and New York. My job is to help clients identify how they feel about themselves and circumstances in their lives and to assist in the navigation of these experiences. In addition to psychotherapy, I perform comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations for accommodations for work and school.
(267) 358-6099 View (267) 358-6099
Photo of ACTS for Kids, Counselor in Danville, PA
ACTS for Kids
Counselor, PsyD, LPC, CSP, ABSNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17601
The end of the school year is coming fast. Do you want to get help for your child before summer? Looking for a clinician that specializes in treating & evaluating individuals (preschool through college-aged)? ACTS is an evidenced-based practice (use therapy proven effective; i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy). We have 2 convenient Locations; Wyomissing (Berks) & Mannheim Township (Lancaster). We want success for your child's cognitive & emotional wellness. We provide solutions for all types of cognitive, emotional or behavioral challenges, call today. We specialize in Counseling, Testing & Neurofeedback.
The end of the school year is coming fast. Do you want to get help for your child before summer? Looking for a clinician that specializes in treating & evaluating individuals (preschool through college-aged)? ACTS is an evidenced-based practice (use therapy proven effective; i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy). We have 2 convenient Locations; Wyomissing (Berks) & Mannheim Township (Lancaster). We want success for your child's cognitive & emotional wellness. We provide solutions for all types of cognitive, emotional or behavioral challenges, call today. We specialize in Counseling, Testing & Neurofeedback.
(717) 454-2315 View (717) 454-2315
Photo of Jennifer Nickels, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Danville, PA
Jennifer Nickels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
My ideal client will need support for struggling with Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, Depression, Family or Relationship issues, social skills, anger management and other needs. Their goals will be rooted in understanding the conflict and learning tools to manage daily stressors and engage successfully overcoming individual challenges. My ideal client wants to enjoy the joys in life with an enhanced sense of confidence, accomplishment, strength and joy.
My ideal client will need support for struggling with Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, Depression, Family or Relationship issues, social skills, anger management and other needs. Their goals will be rooted in understanding the conflict and learning tools to manage daily stressors and engage successfully overcoming individual challenges. My ideal client wants to enjoy the joys in life with an enhanced sense of confidence, accomplishment, strength and joy.
(484) 309-5850 View (484) 309-5850
Photo of VITA Counseling Partners, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Danville, PA
VITA Counseling Partners
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palmerton, PA 18071
VITA Counseling Partners is an outpatient, private practice committed to providing a broad range of effective, client-centered and solution-focused evaluation and treatment services for managing issues of everyday life for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Our mission is to help clients learn about themselves and guide them towards more productive and fulfilling lives. We view the relationship between counselor and client as a partnership, working together to set realistic and achievable goals to help you overcome your most complex personal hardships in a comfortable and confidential setting.
VITA Counseling Partners is an outpatient, private practice committed to providing a broad range of effective, client-centered and solution-focused evaluation and treatment services for managing issues of everyday life for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Our mission is to help clients learn about themselves and guide them towards more productive and fulfilling lives. We view the relationship between counselor and client as a partnership, working together to set realistic and achievable goals to help you overcome your most complex personal hardships in a comfortable and confidential setting.
(855) 826-8482 View (855) 826-8482
Photo of Dr. Dianne Marino-Surovcik Phd Dms Psychological Services Llc, Psychologist in Danville, PA
Dr. Dianne Marino-Surovcik Phd Dms Psychological Services Llc
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Center Valley, PA 18034
Waitlist for new clients
As a Counseling Psychologist I am searching to find health or “ego strength“ in a person. People are capable of having internal positive and negative aspects in play at all times. Working from a psychodynamic model to see the whole clinical picture, I believe insight is crucial but it doesn’t guarantee behavior change. To that end I work from a cognitive and behavioral model to build strength.
As a Counseling Psychologist I am searching to find health or “ego strength“ in a person. People are capable of having internal positive and negative aspects in play at all times. Working from a psychodynamic model to see the whole clinical picture, I believe insight is crucial but it doesn’t guarantee behavior change. To that end I work from a cognitive and behavioral model to build strength.
(484) 270-6692 View (484) 270-6692
Photo of Evan R. Griffin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Danville, PA
Evan R. Griffin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CDMDTP, ASDCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18020
Hello and Welcome! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with extensive experience and specialized training in optimizing mental wellness, developing healthy relationships, and cultivating confidence.  Based firmly in neuroscience, evidence-based practice, and psychodynamic therapy techniques, I guide my patients every step of the way in developing new attitudes towards life's most complex matters. Allow me to help you manage your anxiety, conquer your depression, overcome your trauma, and improve your relationship(s).
Hello and Welcome! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with extensive experience and specialized training in optimizing mental wellness, developing healthy relationships, and cultivating confidence.  Based firmly in neuroscience, evidence-based practice, and psychodynamic therapy techniques, I guide my patients every step of the way in developing new attitudes towards life's most complex matters. Allow me to help you manage your anxiety, conquer your depression, overcome your trauma, and improve your relationship(s).
(484) 382-3253 View (484) 382-3253
Photo of K. D. Ferrari, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Danville, PA
K. D. Ferrari
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Gladwyne, PA 19035
I'm Dr. Kate Ferrari and am here to assist you with difficulties you may be encountering in your life through a compassionate, non-judgmental approach. Regardless of the problems you are experiencing, my goal is to provide support, work with you to set goals for your future and develop tools to reach them. I believe in a holistic perspective to mental well-being, and am a proponent of neurodiversity, who will help you on your personal path towards the life you would like to live. Please note that all services are provided virtually and are tailored to fit your individual needs.
I'm Dr. Kate Ferrari and am here to assist you with difficulties you may be encountering in your life through a compassionate, non-judgmental approach. Regardless of the problems you are experiencing, my goal is to provide support, work with you to set goals for your future and develop tools to reach them. I believe in a holistic perspective to mental well-being, and am a proponent of neurodiversity, who will help you on your personal path towards the life you would like to live. Please note that all services are provided virtually and are tailored to fit your individual needs.
(814) 317-0350 View (814) 317-0350
Photo of AHA! Studio for Integrated Therapies LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Danville, PA
AHA! Studio for Integrated Therapies LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, BC-DMT, LPC
Verified Verified
Silverdale, PA 18962
Feeling stuck and out of balance with no way out can feel paralyzing emotionally and lead to all kinds of thoughts and reactions that can leave you feeling overwhelmed, panicked, defensive, alone and anxious. This is what we at AHA! refer to as the "Discomfort Zone" and sometimes it takes reaching this place to realize, there IS a way beyond this! And if you are here, I imagine you are ready for some new skills and a fresh perspective that takes you or a child you love beyond the fight or flight mode of just surviving life.
Feeling stuck and out of balance with no way out can feel paralyzing emotionally and lead to all kinds of thoughts and reactions that can leave you feeling overwhelmed, panicked, defensive, alone and anxious. This is what we at AHA! refer to as the "Discomfort Zone" and sometimes it takes reaching this place to realize, there IS a way beyond this! And if you are here, I imagine you are ready for some new skills and a fresh perspective that takes you or a child you love beyond the fight or flight mode of just surviving life.
(267) 888-5146 View (267) 888-5146
Photo of Elizabeth Roberts, Licensed Professional Counselor in Danville, PA
Elizabeth Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) with a Master of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from Eastern University, graduate certificate in applied behavior analysis from Capella University, a license as a Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania and am able to diagnose ADHD, anxiety and mood related disorders.
I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) with a Master of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from Eastern University, graduate certificate in applied behavior analysis from Capella University, a license as a Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania and am able to diagnose ADHD, anxiety and mood related disorders.
(610) 572-3477 View (610) 572-3477

See more therapy options for Danville

Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Therapists

How long does OCD treatment take?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often treated on a weekly or twice-weekly schedule, depending on symptom severity and the client’s preferences. Some clients may start to see a noticeable improvement in symptoms in as little as six weeks, but it’s also possible, especially in more severe cases, for treatment to take several months to a year before significant progress is made.

What happens if OCD is not treated?

Some people with OCD, especially those with mild symptoms, may find that they are able to adapt reasonably well to life with the condition, even if their symptoms never resolve completely. However, many people, particularly those whose symptoms are severe at the outset, find that their obsessions and compulsions grow more intrusive with time, making it harder to maintain relationships, hold down a job, or navigate the world successfully.

Are there medications for OCD?

Medication can be used to treat OCD. The class of drugs most often prescribed are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which include fluvoxamine (under the brand name Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft), among others. In cases of treatment-resistant OCD, other classes of medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants or atypical antipsychotics, may be prescribed. Medication is frequently used in conjunction with therapy.

Can OCD come back after treatment?

Yes. Major life transitions, periods of stress, or other factors can cause symptoms to return or, if they were never fully eradicated, to ramp back up in intensity. For some, these relapses are brief and do not require additional treatment; identifying specific triggers and practicing the skills learned in therapy can help speed their course. For others, returning to therapy for a brief period can help address the underlying stress and strengthen coping mechanisms.