Amy L Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clarion, PA 16214
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who works with adults, children and adolescents with OCD and other anxiety disorders. I also work with athletes as a mental performance coach. I have experience working with a variety of disorders and adjustment issues in adults and children. I utilize Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy, Play Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy to address these issues and help clients to begin to recover and feel better about the things they are struggling with in daily life. I am able to see clients in-person in my Clarion office and via telehealth for Erie clients.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who works with adults, children and adolescents with OCD and other anxiety disorders. I also work with athletes as a mental performance coach. I have experience working with a variety of disorders and adjustment issues in adults and children. I utilize Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy, Play Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy to address these issues and help clients to begin to recover and feel better about the things they are struggling with in daily life. I am able to see clients in-person in my Clarion office and via telehealth for Erie clients.
(814) 954-1162 View (814) 954-1162
Photo of Derek Oberlander, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Derek Oberlander
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Clarion, PA 16214
What we think, affects how we feel, which influences the way that we behave! My name is Derek and I am passionate about helping people to recover and regain from the issues that they are facing today so that they can thrive. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Master of Arts degree in Professional Counseling. I have over nine years of counseling experience working on a variety of issues that people may be struggling with to include addictions, adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, family conflict, infidelity, loss and grief, relationship issues, and trauma/PTSD.
What we think, affects how we feel, which influences the way that we behave! My name is Derek and I am passionate about helping people to recover and regain from the issues that they are facing today so that they can thrive. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Master of Arts degree in Professional Counseling. I have over nine years of counseling experience working on a variety of issues that people may be struggling with to include addictions, adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, family conflict, infidelity, loss and grief, relationship issues, and trauma/PTSD.
(814) 531-8131 View (814) 531-8131
Photo of Life Walk Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Life Walk Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NBCC, EMDR, CCTP, CCDPD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clarion, PA 16214
Life can bring us many experiences, even ones we wish would have never happened, such as trauma. Healing from trauma can seem scary and difficult; however, with the support of a Specialist who is trained And has personal experience, I am hoping your life walk towards healing can seem less scary. We will work together to explore unhealed wounds & identify the parts that keep you stuck. I will meet you where you are and we will walk your healing journey together. Affirming and welcoming therapist. You are a beautiful mosaic meant to illuminate light; allow your healing to begin.
Life can bring us many experiences, even ones we wish would have never happened, such as trauma. Healing from trauma can seem scary and difficult; however, with the support of a Specialist who is trained And has personal experience, I am hoping your life walk towards healing can seem less scary. We will work together to explore unhealed wounds & identify the parts that keep you stuck. I will meet you where you are and we will walk your healing journey together. Affirming and welcoming therapist. You are a beautiful mosaic meant to illuminate light; allow your healing to begin.
(814) 310-9060 View (814) 310-9060
Photo of AIBDT Psychological Services , Psychologist in Clarion, PA
AIBDT Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Clarion, PA 16214
We are here to help you! AIBDT Psychological Services is a large Pittsburgh-based practice available to you through Telehealth. Our seasoned psychologists and therapists have been serving children, adults, and families for 15 years, helping clients overcome life challenges and improve wellbeing. We are here to help you meet your goals and achieve improved mood, relationships, mental health and life satisfaction. It is a privilege to serve you!
We are here to help you! AIBDT Psychological Services is a large Pittsburgh-based practice available to you through Telehealth. Our seasoned psychologists and therapists have been serving children, adults, and families for 15 years, helping clients overcome life challenges and improve wellbeing. We are here to help you meet your goals and achieve improved mood, relationships, mental health and life satisfaction. It is a privilege to serve you!
(724) 538-7811 View (724) 538-7811
Photo of Dr. John E. Neyman Jr., Pastoral Counselor in Clarion, PA
Dr. John E. Neyman Jr.
Pastoral Counselor, MA, ThD, BCPC
Verified Verified
Clarion, PA 16214
John Neyman has been teaching families for the last 40 years. He is a Therapist/Counselor/ Behavioral Specialist and that specializes in Marriage, Depression, Anger Management, Parenting "special needs children", Addiction, Anxiety Disorders, Panic Attacks, and such. Dr. John has created The Neyman Strategy that combines Observational Science and Universal Laws that transforms lives. If you are struggling and have not found freedom perhaps The Neyman Strategy is just the program for you. If you have "anxiety problems" Call JDr. ohn Neyman. John is a member AACC.
John Neyman has been teaching families for the last 40 years. He is a Therapist/Counselor/ Behavioral Specialist and that specializes in Marriage, Depression, Anger Management, Parenting "special needs children", Addiction, Anxiety Disorders, Panic Attacks, and such. Dr. John has created The Neyman Strategy that combines Observational Science and Universal Laws that transforms lives. If you are struggling and have not found freedom perhaps The Neyman Strategy is just the program for you. If you have "anxiety problems" Call JDr. ohn Neyman. John is a member AACC.
(724) 812-5311 View (724) 812-5311

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Makin Wellness | Online Therapy & Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Makin Wellness | Online Therapy & Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Shippenville, PA 16254  (Online Only)
We are welcoming new clients now & can help schedule your first session within a few business days with one of our expert providers at Makin Wellness! Do you worry all the time? Is it hard for you to turn your thoughts off? Would you like to enjoy the present moment, but feel like it's impossible because you are so focused on the future or past? So many people live their lives filled with negative thoughts, traumas & depression that eventually affect their work, relationships, and even health. They are unsure of how to let go of their troublesome thoughts or have tried things that made their problems even worse.
We are welcoming new clients now & can help schedule your first session within a few business days with one of our expert providers at Makin Wellness! Do you worry all the time? Is it hard for you to turn your thoughts off? Would you like to enjoy the present moment, but feel like it's impossible because you are so focused on the future or past? So many people live their lives filled with negative thoughts, traumas & depression that eventually affect their work, relationships, and even health. They are unsure of how to let go of their troublesome thoughts or have tried things that made their problems even worse.
(412) 866-2926 View (412) 866-2926

Online Therapists

Photo of Carla J Sandy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion, PA
Carla J Sandy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPA
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
Perhaps you are looking for relief from: depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, eating disorders, addiction, grief, or obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
There is no need to suffer in silence. Over the years I have heard people say, "I regret that I waited so long to come to counseling." When people struggle with life's challenges alone, they usually have little success. This solitary method often results in a deep sense of hopelessness and unhappiness. At the Samaritan Counseling Center, it has been my privilege to empower men, women and adolescents to make their lives more fulfilling. During counseling sessions, you will experience a safe environment to tell your story-and then together, we will begin the journey to hope and healing.
Perhaps you are looking for relief from: depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, eating disorders, addiction, grief, or obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
There is no need to suffer in silence. Over the years I have heard people say, "I regret that I waited so long to come to counseling." When people struggle with life's challenges alone, they usually have little success. This solitary method often results in a deep sense of hopelessness and unhappiness. At the Samaritan Counseling Center, it has been my privilege to empower men, women and adolescents to make their lives more fulfilling. During counseling sessions, you will experience a safe environment to tell your story-and then together, we will begin the journey to hope and healing.
(412) 307-4570 View (412) 307-4570
Photo of Nariesh R Paltoo, Pastoral Counselor in Clarion, PA
Nariesh R Paltoo
Pastoral Counselor, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Cheswick, PA 15024  (Online Only)
I believe that the foundation of a strong Marriage and family begins with healthy communication and understanding. Through our counseling sessions, I help families develop effective communication skills, build deeper spiritual connections, and work through any conflicts or challenges that may arise. As a Christian Counselor specializing in Marriage and family, I can empathize with most people when dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, ADD, ADHD, OCD, and bipolar disorders.
I believe that the foundation of a strong Marriage and family begins with healthy communication and understanding. Through our counseling sessions, I help families develop effective communication skills, build deeper spiritual connections, and work through any conflicts or challenges that may arise. As a Christian Counselor specializing in Marriage and family, I can empathize with most people when dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, ADD, ADHD, OCD, and bipolar disorders.
(646) 713-1813 View (646) 713-1813
Photo of Alexandra Major, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Alexandra Major
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Indiana, PA 15701
I have a special interest in OCD, as well as psychological trauma.
If you are looking for a therapist who can help you feel more in control of your life and your emotions, you are at the right place. I have experience working with people suffering from anxiety, depression, and difficult life transitions. Getting to know yourself deeper is a primary goal of therapy, as it will allow you to figure out what you might need in life: your relationships, work life, hobbies. You will discover healthy ways to cope with things outside of your control, instead of using self-destructive ways. I will assist you by offering a space free of judgment and stigma.
I have a special interest in OCD, as well as psychological trauma.
If you are looking for a therapist who can help you feel more in control of your life and your emotions, you are at the right place. I have experience working with people suffering from anxiety, depression, and difficult life transitions. Getting to know yourself deeper is a primary goal of therapy, as it will allow you to figure out what you might need in life: your relationships, work life, hobbies. You will discover healthy ways to cope with things outside of your control, instead of using self-destructive ways. I will assist you by offering a space free of judgment and stigma.
(724) 201-3808 View (724) 201-3808
Photo of Alexandra Dimoff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Alexandra Dimoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Mars, PA 16046
Accepting new clients! Sometimes our journey requires a detour. It may feel mentally and physically overwhelming. Having someone to help navigate anxiety, depression, uncertainty, relationships, work, and day-to-day life is the first step in helping you reach your final destination. I believe in finding joy in the journey, and the therapeutic relationship is a vital component of the healing process in the journey. Let me help guide you in your journey. I have trainings in and utilize Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Person-Centered, mindfulness, play, and family therapies for treating anxiety, depression, and OCD.
Accepting new clients! Sometimes our journey requires a detour. It may feel mentally and physically overwhelming. Having someone to help navigate anxiety, depression, uncertainty, relationships, work, and day-to-day life is the first step in helping you reach your final destination. I believe in finding joy in the journey, and the therapeutic relationship is a vital component of the healing process in the journey. Let me help guide you in your journey. I have trainings in and utilize Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment, Person-Centered, mindfulness, play, and family therapies for treating anxiety, depression, and OCD.
(724) 546-5302 View (724) 546-5302
Photo of Valerie Bojarski, Counselor in Clarion, PA
Valerie Bojarski
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
I have worked with survivors of domestic violence, people experiencing mood disorders, OCD, and survivors of trauma.
Fred Rogers says, "Anything that's human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable. When we talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting, and less scary." I would love to work with you if you are ready to make your problems mentionable, and together we can work towards making them manageable.
I have worked with survivors of domestic violence, people experiencing mood disorders, OCD, and survivors of trauma.
Fred Rogers says, "Anything that's human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable. When we talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting, and less scary." I would love to work with you if you are ready to make your problems mentionable, and together we can work towards making them manageable.
(412) 528-6221 View (412) 528-6221
Photo of Rebecca Wagner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion, PA
Rebecca Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Allison Park, PA 15101
I often receive and treat the following concerns: anxiety, social anxiety, OCD, women's issues, ADHD and school anxiety.
Welcome! I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based interventions to help my clients manage everything from day to day stressors to major life change. I have provided therapy services for over 25 years.
I often receive and treat the following concerns: anxiety, social anxiety, OCD, women's issues, ADHD and school anxiety.
Welcome! I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based interventions to help my clients manage everything from day to day stressors to major life change. I have provided therapy services for over 25 years.
(412) 693-6558 View (412) 693-6558
Photo of Brian Dougherty, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Brian Dougherty
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16507  (Online Only)
Our counselors are experienced in working with persons experiencing Anxiety, Anger, Trauma, OCD and Communication Skills.
At Mental Health Care Associates, our clients differ widely in reasons for choosing therapy. Major life changes such as unemployment, divorce, new job, these events can cause anxiety or depression. Others have experienced trauma. When these issues begin to interfere with daily life functioning, we can help. Our goal is a calmer, happier, and more fulfilled life for our clients. Call today. Qualified licensed counselors will work closely with you to identify underlying factors affecting your mental health and work with you to build and pathway to happiness.
Our counselors are experienced in working with persons experiencing Anxiety, Anger, Trauma, OCD and Communication Skills.
At Mental Health Care Associates, our clients differ widely in reasons for choosing therapy. Major life changes such as unemployment, divorce, new job, these events can cause anxiety or depression. Others have experienced trauma. When these issues begin to interfere with daily life functioning, we can help. Our goal is a calmer, happier, and more fulfilled life for our clients. Call today. Qualified licensed counselors will work closely with you to identify underlying factors affecting your mental health and work with you to build and pathway to happiness.
(814) 498-4560 View (814) 498-4560
Photo of Claire Thomas, Licensed Social Worker in Clarion, PA
Claire Thomas
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Wexford, PA 15090
Are you tired of feeling trapped and helpless by the overwhelming effects of OCD and/or trauma? You deserve to live a life free from the constraints of these conditions, and that's where I can help! With the use of evidence-based practices rooted in compassion and empathy, I am dedicated to helping people find healing and empowerment in the face of adversity. I am an LGBTQIA+, body, kink, and polyamorous positive individual. I am private pay but I do accept Pennsylvania Victims Compensation Assistance Program (VCAP) reimbursement for survivors of sexual assault that occurred in PA. Please see my website for more information.
Are you tired of feeling trapped and helpless by the overwhelming effects of OCD and/or trauma? You deserve to live a life free from the constraints of these conditions, and that's where I can help! With the use of evidence-based practices rooted in compassion and empathy, I am dedicated to helping people find healing and empowerment in the face of adversity. I am an LGBTQIA+, body, kink, and polyamorous positive individual. I am private pay but I do accept Pennsylvania Victims Compensation Assistance Program (VCAP) reimbursement for survivors of sexual assault that occurred in PA. Please see my website for more information.
(412) 301-7224 View (412) 301-7224
Photo of Maggi Kessler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Maggi Kessler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
I appreciate the opportunity to help people learn how to manage general anxiety to OCD, depression, relationship issues, traumatic experiences and PTSD.
If you are an adult, and struggling with anxiety or depression, the first step is reaching out for support. Therapy is about identifying the behaviors that are not helping us, and learning to make small changes that help to create happiness and content.
I appreciate the opportunity to help people learn how to manage general anxiety to OCD, depression, relationship issues, traumatic experiences and PTSD.
If you are an adult, and struggling with anxiety or depression, the first step is reaching out for support. Therapy is about identifying the behaviors that are not helping us, and learning to make small changes that help to create happiness and content.
(833) 674-6345 View (833) 674-6345
Photo of Amy Valoski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Amy Valoski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Moon Township, PA 15108
As a deeply intuitive person and natural helper, I believe taking the time to build an authentic and trusting therapeutic relationship is essential to successful therapy. I have over 18 years of counseling experience working with preteens, teens, and adults with a variety of mental health diagnoses. I enjoy working with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, life transitions, and underlying trauma. My strengths are relationship building and creating a safe, supportive, and relaxed environment for individuals to learn more about themselves, ask the deeper questions, and improve their lives.
As a deeply intuitive person and natural helper, I believe taking the time to build an authentic and trusting therapeutic relationship is essential to successful therapy. I have over 18 years of counseling experience working with preteens, teens, and adults with a variety of mental health diagnoses. I enjoy working with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, life transitions, and underlying trauma. My strengths are relationship building and creating a safe, supportive, and relaxed environment for individuals to learn more about themselves, ask the deeper questions, and improve their lives.
(412) 386-0227 View (412) 386-0227
Photo of Rachel Diaz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion, PA
Rachel Diaz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15236
If you are feeling lost and out of control, or if you want to learn better ways to manage your emotions and behaviors, I can provide you with the help you need! I work with those suffering from addiction, dual diagnosis, stress-related disorders, eating disorders, OCD, anxiety, depression, adult ADHD, life transitions, trauma, grief, and mood disorders.
I am currently accepting new clients, please contact me via EMAIL ONLY. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC). My goal is to provide you with a safe and trusting environment where you can feel fully heard and validated. I will help you learn how to create goals, process emotions, build effective coping skills, and develop the strength necessary to face and defeat your obstacles. I will support you while you create meaning out of the things you once thought you'd never overcome.
If you are feeling lost and out of control, or if you want to learn better ways to manage your emotions and behaviors, I can provide you with the help you need! I work with those suffering from addiction, dual diagnosis, stress-related disorders, eating disorders, OCD, anxiety, depression, adult ADHD, life transitions, trauma, grief, and mood disorders.
I am currently accepting new clients, please contact me via EMAIL ONLY. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC). My goal is to provide you with a safe and trusting environment where you can feel fully heard and validated. I will help you learn how to create goals, process emotions, build effective coping skills, and develop the strength necessary to face and defeat your obstacles. I will support you while you create meaning out of the things you once thought you'd never overcome.
(878) 444-2920 View (878) 444-2920
Photo of Bethanne Petrylak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Clarion, PA
Bethanne Petrylak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Greensburg, PA 15601
I also treat co-occurring diagnoses such as anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and depression.
My passion is working with clients who struggle with eating concerns and body image issues. I have experience with anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. I can also help if you feel that your relationship with food and/or exercise is complicated but have not been diagnosed with an eating disorder. I practice from a Health at Every Size perspective and offer an inclusive space for all. I value being empathetic while challenging my clients to step outside of their comfort zone and unlock their strengths. Taking the first step to get help and support can be intimidating but it can lead to growth and change!
I also treat co-occurring diagnoses such as anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and depression.
My passion is working with clients who struggle with eating concerns and body image issues. I have experience with anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. I can also help if you feel that your relationship with food and/or exercise is complicated but have not been diagnosed with an eating disorder. I practice from a Health at Every Size perspective and offer an inclusive space for all. I value being empathetic while challenging my clients to step outside of their comfort zone and unlock their strengths. Taking the first step to get help and support can be intimidating but it can lead to growth and change!
(878) 645-3667 View (878) 645-3667
Photo of Eliza Fixler in Clarion, PA
Eliza Fixler
LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
I am an LSW clinician with experience working with adolescents, teens, and adults with a variety of mental health concerns. Common areas of focus in my sessions include symptoms of OCD, phobias, panic disorder and other anxiety disorders, PTSD, depression, and grief. I am also passionate about working with clients experiencing relationship conflict, communication issues, and destabilizing life transitions. I am allied with the trans and nonbinary communities. I enjoy working with clients to explore social and medical transitions, and can write surgery referral letters for gender affirming surgeries.
I am an LSW clinician with experience working with adolescents, teens, and adults with a variety of mental health concerns. Common areas of focus in my sessions include symptoms of OCD, phobias, panic disorder and other anxiety disorders, PTSD, depression, and grief. I am also passionate about working with clients experiencing relationship conflict, communication issues, and destabilizing life transitions. I am allied with the trans and nonbinary communities. I enjoy working with clients to explore social and medical transitions, and can write surgery referral letters for gender affirming surgeries.
(412) 910-2361 View (412) 910-2361
Photo of Shana Bennett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion, PA
Shana Bennett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
Welcoming new clients, I provide mental health therapy, specializing in working with children and teens, along with their family members, as well as couples, young adults and adults. Areas of specialty include those struggling with adjustment issues, anxiety disorders, OCD, eating disorders, depression, mood disorders, grief and loss, anger, self & body image issues, sexual identity issues, relationship issues, cutting/self harm, peer concerns and women's issues, just to name a few. I believe that the only way to get past our problems is to go through them, and I empower others to partake on this difficult, yet rewarding journey!
Welcoming new clients, I provide mental health therapy, specializing in working with children and teens, along with their family members, as well as couples, young adults and adults. Areas of specialty include those struggling with adjustment issues, anxiety disorders, OCD, eating disorders, depression, mood disorders, grief and loss, anger, self & body image issues, sexual identity issues, relationship issues, cutting/self harm, peer concerns and women's issues, just to name a few. I believe that the only way to get past our problems is to go through them, and I empower others to partake on this difficult, yet rewarding journey!
(814) 596-4826 View (814) 596-4826

See more therapy options for Clarion

Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Therapists

How long does OCD treatment take?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often treated on a weekly or twice-weekly schedule, depending on symptom severity and the client’s preferences. Some clients may start to see a noticeable improvement in symptoms in as little as six weeks, but it’s also possible, especially in more severe cases, for treatment to take several months to a year before significant progress is made.

What happens if OCD is not treated?

Some people with OCD, especially those with mild symptoms, may find that they are able to adapt reasonably well to life with the condition, even if their symptoms never resolve completely. However, many people, particularly those whose symptoms are severe at the outset, find that their obsessions and compulsions grow more intrusive with time, making it harder to maintain relationships, hold down a job, or navigate the world successfully.

Are there medications for OCD?

Medication can be used to treat OCD. The class of drugs most often prescribed are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which include fluvoxamine (under the brand name Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft), among others. In cases of treatment-resistant OCD, other classes of medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants or atypical antipsychotics, may be prescribed. Medication is frequently used in conjunction with therapy.

Can OCD come back after treatment?

Yes. Major life transitions, periods of stress, or other factors can cause symptoms to return or, if they were never fully eradicated, to ramp back up in intensity. For some, these relapses are brief and do not require additional treatment; identifying specific triggers and practicing the skills learned in therapy can help speed their course. For others, returning to therapy for a brief period can help address the underlying stress and strengthen coping mechanisms.