Therapists in Grymes Hill, Staten Island, NY

Photo of Lucia Bove, Psychologist, PhD
Lucia Bove
Psychologist, PhD
Grymes Hill, Staten Island, NY 10301
Do you have a sense that you are capable of more, that some things are just outside of reach and you don't know why, or that you are in discomfort for reasons obscure to you? Are you confronted with difficult situations that feel impossible to deal with or that cause you conflict, anguish or confusion? Psychotherapy can help to identify the inconsistencies, resistances, behaviors, styles of living, stresses and other factors that impede optimal functioning, effectiveness and experience.
Do you have a sense that you are capable of more, that some things are just outside of reach and you don't know why, or that you are in discomfort for reasons obscure to you? Are you confronted with difficult situations that feel impossible to deal with or that cause you conflict, anguish or confusion? Psychotherapy can help to identify the inconsistencies, resistances, behaviors, styles of living, stresses and other factors that impede optimal functioning, effectiveness and experience.
(718) 853-3176 View (718) 853-3176
Photo of Marina Krugolets, Counselor, LMHC, CDP
Marina Krugolets
Counselor, LMHC, CDP
Serves Area
Have you felt stressed, anxious, grief stricken, panicky, or depressed? Are relationships causing you conflict and it's as if no one understands you? You have made the first step to bettering yourself and I appreciate you. I am here to provide my experience, training and empathic approach to give you the tools to overcome your challenges. We will do this together. My almost 2 decades of being a psychotherapist has taught me great patience, compassion, empathy and understanding of our unique situations. I am looking forward to helping you overcome your difficulties in life and spreading your wings of emotional and inner freedom!
Have you felt stressed, anxious, grief stricken, panicky, or depressed? Are relationships causing you conflict and it's as if no one understands you? You have made the first step to bettering yourself and I appreciate you. I am here to provide my experience, training and empathic approach to give you the tools to overcome your challenges. We will do this together. My almost 2 decades of being a psychotherapist has taught me great patience, compassion, empathy and understanding of our unique situations. I am looking forward to helping you overcome your difficulties in life and spreading your wings of emotional and inner freedom!
(646) 813-7284 View (646) 813-7284
Photo of Jeane Rajacic-Poppe, Psychologist, PhD, LMHC, CASAC
Jeane Rajacic-Poppe
Psychologist, PhD, LMHC, CASAC
Serves Area
Dr. Jeane Rajacic-Poppe is a licensed Clinical Health Psychologist in private practice who provides psychological services for general mental health concerns, in addition to, specializing in Substance-Related Disorders. Dr. Poppe provides Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to individual, couples' and families. Dr. Poppe holds faculty appointment at Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology and is a Clinical Supervisor to doctoral level Psychologists in training. She holds a M.A. degree from Columbia University, a Ph.D degree from Yeshiva University, a mental health counseling license and CASAC certification for Substance Related Disorders.
Dr. Jeane Rajacic-Poppe is a licensed Clinical Health Psychologist in private practice who provides psychological services for general mental health concerns, in addition to, specializing in Substance-Related Disorders. Dr. Poppe provides Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to individual, couples' and families. Dr. Poppe holds faculty appointment at Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology and is a Clinical Supervisor to doctoral level Psychologists in training. She holds a M.A. degree from Columbia University, a Ph.D degree from Yeshiva University, a mental health counseling license and CASAC certification for Substance Related Disorders.
(201) 693-4513 View (201) 693-4513
Anna Lorusso-Moramarco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-R
Serves Area
I firmly believe clinicians can provide good treatment if they approach the therapeutic work with compassion, patience, empathy, skills & commitment to growth. In treatment, there can not be effective emotional connectedness without understanding. I attempt to enter my clients inner worlds not solely from an impassive theoretical arena but to actually walk, see & feel their pains and traumas. Hold my hand, TOGETHER we can successfully walk through this journey. My practice delves into client stressors such as depression, anxiety, family issues & social problems as well as specializing in traumatic issues such as incest, rape, panic disorders, PTSD, grief & loss.
I firmly believe clinicians can provide good treatment if they approach the therapeutic work with compassion, patience, empathy, skills & commitment to growth. In treatment, there can not be effective emotional connectedness without understanding. I attempt to enter my clients inner worlds not solely from an impassive theoretical arena but to actually walk, see & feel their pains and traumas. Hold my hand, TOGETHER we can successfully walk through this journey. My practice delves into client stressors such as depression, anxiety, family issues & social problems as well as specializing in traumatic issues such as incest, rape, panic disorders, PTSD, grief & loss.
(718) 838-9377 View (718) 838-9377
Photo of Sarah Khan, Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Sarah Khan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
You may be feeling stuck or overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or self-doubt. Perhaps you're struggling with relationship issues, intrusive thoughts, trauma, or navigating a life transition. Maybe you have no idea what's going on, but something just doesn't feel good! Whatever your challenge, you're here, seeking support and ready for change. Congratulations, half the job is done! When you’re ready. I will be here to begin this journey with you. I invite you to trust me, let me in, and allow me to create your safe space. I look forward to meeting you!
You may be feeling stuck or overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or self-doubt. Perhaps you're struggling with relationship issues, intrusive thoughts, trauma, or navigating a life transition. Maybe you have no idea what's going on, but something just doesn't feel good! Whatever your challenge, you're here, seeking support and ready for change. Congratulations, half the job is done! When you’re ready. I will be here to begin this journey with you. I invite you to trust me, let me in, and allow me to create your safe space. I look forward to meeting you!
(347) 851-1401 View (347) 851-1401
Photo of Judy F Scher, Psychologist, PsyD
Judy F Scher
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
I believe that treatment works best when it is tailored to the personality and individual needs of each client. Rather than relying on one theoretical perspective, I use a multi-modal approach, utilizing interpersonal, behavioral, and solution-focused techniques. I have extensive experience dealing with a variety of psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, as well as work-related, phase of life, marital, and family issues. In addition, I specialize in focusing on parenting concerns, divorce issues, infertility issues, and dealing with special needs children. I provide individual, couple, family, and group counseling for adults
I believe that treatment works best when it is tailored to the personality and individual needs of each client. Rather than relying on one theoretical perspective, I use a multi-modal approach, utilizing interpersonal, behavioral, and solution-focused techniques. I have extensive experience dealing with a variety of psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, as well as work-related, phase of life, marital, and family issues. In addition, I specialize in focusing on parenting concerns, divorce issues, infertility issues, and dealing with special needs children. I provide individual, couple, family, and group counseling for adults
(718) 673-9703 View (718) 673-9703
Photo of Seema Shifer - Seema Shifer Mental Health Counseling , Counselor, LMHC
Seema Shifer Mental Health Counseling
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a mental health counselor, I strive to create a therapeutic environment that is both welcoming and encouraging for all clients. Often times, individuals may feel hesitant about beginning therapy, however, my approach to therapy provides each client with an individualized treatment plan in accordance with their preferred pace, as well as establishing a secure and trusting environment. I am passionate in sharing my knowledge within the field, as well as providing the tools necessary for my clients to achieve their therapeutic goals through a collaborative and personalized relationship.
As a mental health counselor, I strive to create a therapeutic environment that is both welcoming and encouraging for all clients. Often times, individuals may feel hesitant about beginning therapy, however, my approach to therapy provides each client with an individualized treatment plan in accordance with their preferred pace, as well as establishing a secure and trusting environment. I am passionate in sharing my knowledge within the field, as well as providing the tools necessary for my clients to achieve their therapeutic goals through a collaborative and personalized relationship.
(929) 732-7289 View (929) 732-7289
Photo of Michael Zampella, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC, ICADC
Michael Zampella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC, ICADC
Serves Area
In Office and Telehealth Sessions Available .  I am an experienced clinician who understands the essential role that both compassion and dedication play in effective therapy. My  practice focuses on working with adolescents and adults struggling with behavioral and emotional challenges, particularly those stemming from or exacerbated by substance misuse. I believe these factors coupled with motivation of the client makes for a situation filled with hope and possibility of change.
In Office and Telehealth Sessions Available .  I am an experienced clinician who understands the essential role that both compassion and dedication play in effective therapy. My  practice focuses on working with adolescents and adults struggling with behavioral and emotional challenges, particularly those stemming from or exacerbated by substance misuse. I believe these factors coupled with motivation of the client makes for a situation filled with hope and possibility of change.
(718) 569-7076 View (718) 569-7076
Photo of Charles Miezejeski, Psychologist, PhD
Charles Miezejeski
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
Change touches every part of life—and even positive change can bring stress, anxiety, or a sense of imbalance. I work with caring, capable people navigating life transitions: career change, relationship shifts, loss, or new beginnings. You may feel accomplished yet unsettled, confident yet unsure of what’s next. Together, we’ll create a calm, supportive space for insight, healing, and renewed confidence—so you can move forward with clarity, balance, and peace of mind.
Change touches every part of life—and even positive change can bring stress, anxiety, or a sense of imbalance. I work with caring, capable people navigating life transitions: career change, relationship shifts, loss, or new beginnings. You may feel accomplished yet unsettled, confident yet unsure of what’s next. Together, we’ll create a calm, supportive space for insight, healing, and renewed confidence—so you can move forward with clarity, balance, and peace of mind.
(929) 732-6732 View (929) 732-6732
Photo of Christina Heike, MS, MEd, CCTS-I, NDT, YT
Christina Heike
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
The practice New Decision Therapy was designed to heal those who have less than ideal relationships with themselves and others. When trauma happens to us, these memories embed themselves in our bodies on a cellular level. This is what leads to our particular types of behavior, personalities and affects our reactions and relationships. When we feel overwhelmed, unhappy, alone and disconnected, this is a matter of suppressed trauma and previous pain. NDT goes into the memory, back to where the pain or trauma initially happened, and removes that old memory and pain through taking a New Decision which only happens through forgiveness.
The practice New Decision Therapy was designed to heal those who have less than ideal relationships with themselves and others. When trauma happens to us, these memories embed themselves in our bodies on a cellular level. This is what leads to our particular types of behavior, personalities and affects our reactions and relationships. When we feel overwhelmed, unhappy, alone and disconnected, this is a matter of suppressed trauma and previous pain. NDT goes into the memory, back to where the pain or trauma initially happened, and removes that old memory and pain through taking a New Decision which only happens through forgiveness.
(646) 920-5827 View (646) 920-5827
Photo of Frances Meléndez, Psychologist, PsyD
Frances Meléndez
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Clearly you have taken the first step into your wellbeing. As a psychologist, I will respect your narrative working alongside you to explore the barriers keeping you stuck. I commit to be with as you explore and challenge concerns, barriers, deepening your self-awareness so that you may live your authentic life. I received my PhD in Clinical Psychology from the Graduate School of The City University of New York. I am a licensed clinical psychologist in the State of New York.
Clearly you have taken the first step into your wellbeing. As a psychologist, I will respect your narrative working alongside you to explore the barriers keeping you stuck. I commit to be with as you explore and challenge concerns, barriers, deepening your self-awareness so that you may live your authentic life. I received my PhD in Clinical Psychology from the Graduate School of The City University of New York. I am a licensed clinical psychologist in the State of New York.
(585) 378-5758 View (585) 378-5758
Photo of Dr. Marko Lamela, PhD
Dr. Marko Lamela
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Therapy can feel like a big step, and sometimes even overwhelming. My goal is to make it feel manageable by walking alongside you through the process. I see therapy as a true collaboration—working together to define what healing and growth look like for you. No matter what you’re facing—anxiety, depression, stress, anger, grief, relationship struggles, ADHD, trauma, OCD, or questions around gender identity—you don’t have to go through it alone. Together, we’ll work toward your goals at a pace that feels right for you, with compassion, acceptance, and understanding at the center of it all.
Therapy can feel like a big step, and sometimes even overwhelming. My goal is to make it feel manageable by walking alongside you through the process. I see therapy as a true collaboration—working together to define what healing and growth look like for you. No matter what you’re facing—anxiety, depression, stress, anger, grief, relationship struggles, ADHD, trauma, OCD, or questions around gender identity—you don’t have to go through it alone. Together, we’ll work toward your goals at a pace that feels right for you, with compassion, acceptance, and understanding at the center of it all.
(646) 450-3064 View (646) 450-3064
Photo of Bethzayda A. Matos, Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC, MSEd, MPA
Bethzayda A. Matos
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC, MSEd, MPA
Online Only
My goal as a therapist is to provide guidance and support to individuals and families to help them strengthen their relationships with themselves, their family members, and community. This will happen by creating a cohesive and trusting therapeutic relationship and guiding the understanding and the meaning of feelings and behaviors.
My goal as a therapist is to provide guidance and support to individuals and families to help them strengthen their relationships with themselves, their family members, and community. This will happen by creating a cohesive and trusting therapeutic relationship and guiding the understanding and the meaning of feelings and behaviors.
(347) 754-3657 View (347) 754-3657
Photo of Casey Fassett, Mental Health Counselor
Casey Fassett
Mental Health Counselor
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you really want to make some lasting changes in your life? I am not one to tell clients that it will be easy or simply tell you what you want to hear. Making real changes takes real effort. I feel that for therapy to be productive, there needs to be a degree of accountability in this regard because, at the end of the day, we want to see positive changes, right? That said, when you are ready to start working towards and achieving your goals, we can make it happen. I have helped many clients achieve breakthroughs and reach their aspirations over the years, and I would love to do the same for you.
Do you really want to make some lasting changes in your life? I am not one to tell clients that it will be easy or simply tell you what you want to hear. Making real changes takes real effort. I feel that for therapy to be productive, there needs to be a degree of accountability in this regard because, at the end of the day, we want to see positive changes, right? That said, when you are ready to start working towards and achieving your goals, we can make it happen. I have helped many clients achieve breakthroughs and reach their aspirations over the years, and I would love to do the same for you.
(914) 340-0578 View (914) 340-0578
Photo of Rosita Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rosita Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
You've got this. This belongs to you and is completely within your control. Happiness. Relief. Feeling whole. We all make mistakes, have felt broken, and it is all right to seek change. I invite you to seek that change, for the healing that you deserve.
You've got this. This belongs to you and is completely within your control. Happiness. Relief. Feeling whole. We all make mistakes, have felt broken, and it is all right to seek change. I invite you to seek that change, for the healing that you deserve.
(914) 246-5524 View (914) 246-5524
Photo of Anna Beskin, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Anna Beskin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a compassionate, client-centered therapist with an approach that emphasizes empathetic listening, narrative exploration, and mindfulness-based practices to help clients slow down, tune inward, and understand the deeper patterns shaping their emotional lives. With a background in education, wellness programming, and student support, I bring attuned communication, thoughtful insight, and a steady, grounded presence to my work with diverse clients. I work with teens and adults struggling with anxiety, life transitions, academic or work stress, as well as individuals dealing with perinatal challenges.
I am a compassionate, client-centered therapist with an approach that emphasizes empathetic listening, narrative exploration, and mindfulness-based practices to help clients slow down, tune inward, and understand the deeper patterns shaping their emotional lives. With a background in education, wellness programming, and student support, I bring attuned communication, thoughtful insight, and a steady, grounded presence to my work with diverse clients. I work with teens and adults struggling with anxiety, life transitions, academic or work stress, as well as individuals dealing with perinatal challenges.
(646) 450-3064 View (646) 450-3064
Photo of Alexis Dada, Counselor, LMHC
Alexis Dada
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
I'm an LMHC, NCC. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, and trauma. However, my counseling style is diverse, and I enjoy being able to help others navigate through a difficult time in their lives. I hope to provide you with great tools and a more positive mindset as we navigate the unpredictability of life. I look forward to assisting you on your journey!
I'm an LMHC, NCC. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, and trauma. However, my counseling style is diverse, and I enjoy being able to help others navigate through a difficult time in their lives. I hope to provide you with great tools and a more positive mindset as we navigate the unpredictability of life. I look forward to assisting you on your journey!
(914) 292-3749 View (914) 292-3749
Photo of Jennifer Ann Lowe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ASCDS, CCPT
Jennifer Ann Lowe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ASCDS, CCPT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Great to meet you! I’m honored to introduce myself as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over eight years of experience supporting individuals through a wide range of emotional and life challenges. I am also a Certified Grief Educator and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and much of my work focuses on helping people navigate grief, trauma, life transitions, and personal growth. My goal is to provide a supportive and compassionate space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered. I believe that healing happens when people feel safe to explore their experiences and discover their strengths.
Great to meet you! I’m honored to introduce myself as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over eight years of experience supporting individuals through a wide range of emotional and life challenges. I am also a Certified Grief Educator and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and much of my work focuses on helping people navigate grief, trauma, life transitions, and personal growth. My goal is to provide a supportive and compassionate space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered. I believe that healing happens when people feel safe to explore their experiences and discover their strengths.
(845) 280-3545 View (845) 280-3545
Photo of Pasqual D'Onofrio, Counselor, MS, LMHC
Pasqual D'Onofrio
Counselor, MS, LMHC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Your life is good on paper; however, behind your eyes you are running on high alert. Your mind constantly scanning, predicting, and problem-solving potential threats before you even notice. A tight chest, a clenched jaw, replaying past conversations, while watching for the next mistake. Everyone says how successful you are and yet you feel guilty, like your worth has to be earned again and again. You say yes when you want to say no, stay available when you are depleted, and left to feel the resentment within your bones. If you want calm, clarity, and a way to feel self-connected while still excelling, you are in the right place.
Your life is good on paper; however, behind your eyes you are running on high alert. Your mind constantly scanning, predicting, and problem-solving potential threats before you even notice. A tight chest, a clenched jaw, replaying past conversations, while watching for the next mistake. Everyone says how successful you are and yet you feel guilty, like your worth has to be earned again and again. You say yes when you want to say no, stay available when you are depleted, and left to feel the resentment within your bones. If you want calm, clarity, and a way to feel self-connected while still excelling, you are in the right place.
(914) 635-2960 View (914) 635-2960
Photo of Andrew Mouldovan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andrew Mouldovan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Individuals and couples who come into therapy are often experiencing some struggle in their life. In therapy with you, my goal is to address these immediate concerns, explore with you how they may stem from longer-term unmet concerns, and work with you toward more effective management and if possible, resolution. My clinical orientation is psychodynamic and interpersonal, and we will also use other therapies including Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral for an eclectic, rounded treatment approach. I have advanced pyschoanalytic training in couples therapy which also informs work with individuals.
Individuals and couples who come into therapy are often experiencing some struggle in their life. In therapy with you, my goal is to address these immediate concerns, explore with you how they may stem from longer-term unmet concerns, and work with you toward more effective management and if possible, resolution. My clinical orientation is psychodynamic and interpersonal, and we will also use other therapies including Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral for an eclectic, rounded treatment approach. I have advanced pyschoanalytic training in couples therapy which also informs work with individuals.
(347) 696-9942 View (347) 696-9942

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grymes Hill, Staten Island, NY

20+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Grymes Hill, Staten Island, NY who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
87% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
78% Grief
65% Trauma and PTSD
65% Self Esteem
65% Marriage Counseling

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
88% Cigna and Evernorth
88% Carelon Behavioral Health

How Therapists in Grymes Hill, Staten Island, NY see their clients

57% Online Only
43% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grymes Hill, Staten Island?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.