Therapists in Rock Stream, NY

Photo of Briana Kreamer, LMHC, Counselor
Briana Kreamer
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rock Stream, NY 14878  (Online Only)
Hi, I am Briana Kreamer, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 4 years of clinical experience. I am comfortable meeting with all types of clients, focusing on depression, anxiety, life stressors, life transitions, and interpersonal concerns. I have worked with various clients with diagnoses, most frequently depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and substance misuse. I pull from different types of therapy that include Cognitive Behavioral, SFBT, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, and Strength-Based. I believe in approaching each client openly and with empathy to help find the best way to help the client meet their goals.
Hi, I am Briana Kreamer, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 4 years of clinical experience. I am comfortable meeting with all types of clients, focusing on depression, anxiety, life stressors, life transitions, and interpersonal concerns. I have worked with various clients with diagnoses, most frequently depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and substance misuse. I pull from different types of therapy that include Cognitive Behavioral, SFBT, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, and Strength-Based. I believe in approaching each client openly and with empathy to help find the best way to help the client meet their goals.
(347) 572-7021 View (347) 572-7021

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Janice Vitale, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janice Vitale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Watkins Glen, NY 14891
Accepting New Clients: I specialize in helping people to reconnect with their sense of purpose. Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed with life and the stresses that go with it. You may be experiencing anxiety or depression and feel like it is time to get help. When we are feeling overwhelmed, stressed, depressed/anxious it can make it hard to feel like a good partner, spouse, parent, employee, family member or friend. When we are in the midst of an emotional storm it can be difficult to find the path out by ourselves.
Accepting New Clients: I specialize in helping people to reconnect with their sense of purpose. Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed with life and the stresses that go with it. You may be experiencing anxiety or depression and feel like it is time to get help. When we are feeling overwhelmed, stressed, depressed/anxious it can make it hard to feel like a good partner, spouse, parent, employee, family member or friend. When we are in the midst of an emotional storm it can be difficult to find the path out by ourselves.
(607) 225-5742 View (607) 225-5742
Photo of Nicole Jordan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Jordan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montour Falls, NY 14865  (Online Only)
My name is Nicole Jordan and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over a decade of experience in a variety of diverse populations, which have included, Families, individuals, criminal background (juvenile and adult), and bariatric clients. My approach to therapy is a collaboration based on individualized solutions. The clients I work with may typically be dealing with anxiety which is interfering with daily life: parents and caregivers of children of all ages; individuals dealing with life cycle changes; individuals dealing with life stressors such as relationships, work, or demanding responsibilities;
My name is Nicole Jordan and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over a decade of experience in a variety of diverse populations, which have included, Families, individuals, criminal background (juvenile and adult), and bariatric clients. My approach to therapy is a collaboration based on individualized solutions. The clients I work with may typically be dealing with anxiety which is interfering with daily life: parents and caregivers of children of all ages; individuals dealing with life cycle changes; individuals dealing with life stressors such as relationships, work, or demanding responsibilities;
(347) 621-6120 View (347) 621-6120
Photo of Carolina 'lina' Leiva, MS, MA, LMHC
Carolina 'lina' Leiva
Mental Health Counselor, MS, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Burdett, NY 14818
My experience in both clinical counseling as well as transpersonal psychology allow me to approach psychotherapy from an eclectic and integrative perspective, guiding individuals to shed layers at their own pace, in pursuit of healing the core of the human being. Whether individuals need help coping with mundane tasks, coping with psychic abilities, or anything in between- I am here to help clients gain insight and perspective on how to live their best life, being mindful of mind, body, and soul in the healing journey.
My experience in both clinical counseling as well as transpersonal psychology allow me to approach psychotherapy from an eclectic and integrative perspective, guiding individuals to shed layers at their own pace, in pursuit of healing the core of the human being. Whether individuals need help coping with mundane tasks, coping with psychic abilities, or anything in between- I am here to help clients gain insight and perspective on how to live their best life, being mindful of mind, body, and soul in the healing journey.
(607) 800-4727 View (607) 800-4727
Photo of Mary Ellen Lourey, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Ellen Lourey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Watkins Glen, NY 14891  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you dealing with something that you are struggling to cope with on your own: stress, a depressed or anxious mood, communication problems with people in your life, trauma, grief/loss, relationship conflict? Counseling can help you find understanding and peace of mind. I am a skilled clinician who will offer you insight, support and understanding, and will be a warm and compassionate guide in your healing process. I am an active therapist, meaning I readily engage in conversation and problem solving, and see it as a privilege to walk with you on your journey to a more contented life.
Are you dealing with something that you are struggling to cope with on your own: stress, a depressed or anxious mood, communication problems with people in your life, trauma, grief/loss, relationship conflict? Counseling can help you find understanding and peace of mind. I am a skilled clinician who will offer you insight, support and understanding, and will be a warm and compassionate guide in your healing process. I am an active therapist, meaning I readily engage in conversation and problem solving, and see it as a privilege to walk with you on your journey to a more contented life.
(607) 218-8593 View (607) 218-8593
Photo of Molly Schamel - Molly Schamel Anchored Roots Therapy, PLLC, LMHC, MEd, Counselor
Molly Schamel Anchored Roots Therapy, PLLC
Counselor, LMHC, MEd
Verified Verified
Burdett, NY 14818
I am a Licenced Mental Health Counselor who has worked extensively with the treatment of trauma, anxiety, college mental health, depression, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, and gender identity and sexual orientation. I believe in cultivating a trusting, collaborative, and affirming therapeutic relationship. I will help you to achieve your goals by improving your self-understanding, processing difficult feelings and experiences, and decreasing self-doubt. I am passionate about working with you through difficult life transitions and helping you navigate life's ups and downs.
I am a Licenced Mental Health Counselor who has worked extensively with the treatment of trauma, anxiety, college mental health, depression, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, and gender identity and sexual orientation. I believe in cultivating a trusting, collaborative, and affirming therapeutic relationship. I will help you to achieve your goals by improving your self-understanding, processing difficult feelings and experiences, and decreasing self-doubt. I am passionate about working with you through difficult life transitions and helping you navigate life's ups and downs.
(607) 527-2719 View (607) 527-2719
Photo of Amy Dake, R-DMT, EMDR, LMHC, Counselor
Amy Dake
Counselor, R-DMT, EMDR, LMHC
Verified Verified
Watkins Glen, NY 14891
Welcome! With over 15 years of diverse experience in mental health & wellness, I am dedicated to establishing supportive relationships and improving your quality of life. I work with all ages facing an array of challenges and circumstances. Some of these struggles include anxiety, depression, grief, goal attainment, stressful life transition, inner-conflict, or trauma. I implement a holistic approach tailored to meet your unique needs. I will help you recognize the connection between your body, mind & emotions. My hope is to mend wounds, find stability, reignite strengths, and remove the stigma behind seeking help.
Welcome! With over 15 years of diverse experience in mental health & wellness, I am dedicated to establishing supportive relationships and improving your quality of life. I work with all ages facing an array of challenges and circumstances. Some of these struggles include anxiety, depression, grief, goal attainment, stressful life transition, inner-conflict, or trauma. I implement a holistic approach tailored to meet your unique needs. I will help you recognize the connection between your body, mind & emotions. My hope is to mend wounds, find stability, reignite strengths, and remove the stigma behind seeking help.
(315) 756-3287 View (315) 756-3287
Photo of John Klenchik, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Klenchik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Watkins Glen, NY 14891
Each individual has unique circumstances and needs and I work with each client to get to the core of their specific issues, to help them establish the life they want and become more emotionally healthy and stable. My practice includes children, teens, adults, couples and families. I work with youth who have behavioral and emotional issues, helping them to learn how to best express their feelings and needs. I also work with adults who have a variety of personal and family issues and do family counseling and mediation. I have over 15 years experience working with individuals with addiction, their families and related issues.
Each individual has unique circumstances and needs and I work with each client to get to the core of their specific issues, to help them establish the life they want and become more emotionally healthy and stable. My practice includes children, teens, adults, couples and families. I work with youth who have behavioral and emotional issues, helping them to learn how to best express their feelings and needs. I also work with adults who have a variety of personal and family issues and do family counseling and mediation. I have over 15 years experience working with individuals with addiction, their families and related issues.
(607) 275-5749 View (607) 275-5749
Photo of Paige Heagerty, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paige Heagerty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bradford, NY 14815  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience treating a wide range of problems including anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, relationship issues, adjustment disorders, and severe mental illness. I primarily use a Cognitive-Behavioral approach to assist clients in conceptualizing their needs and establishing treatment goals. However, I have experience in various treatment modalities and strongly believe in using all of the tools and resources available to ensure a client-centered approach. We will work together to develop a plan that highlights your strengths and aligns with your preferences and needs.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience treating a wide range of problems including anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, relationship issues, adjustment disorders, and severe mental illness. I primarily use a Cognitive-Behavioral approach to assist clients in conceptualizing their needs and establishing treatment goals. However, I have experience in various treatment modalities and strongly believe in using all of the tools and resources available to ensure a client-centered approach. We will work together to develop a plan that highlights your strengths and aligns with your preferences and needs.
(716) 638-3338 View (716) 638-3338
Photo of Tom Callaghan, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tom Callaghan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Watkins Glen, NY 14891
Not accepting new clients
Therapy often targets learning how to make reasonable and realistic expectations of ourselves and the people around us. We can figure that out together. Plus, humor and laughter can provide relief for life's challenges. We'll look at making changes mindfully, from a "could, not should" perspective.
Therapy often targets learning how to make reasonable and realistic expectations of ourselves and the people around us. We can figure that out together. Plus, humor and laughter can provide relief for life's challenges. We'll look at making changes mindfully, from a "could, not should" perspective.
(607) 229-1940 View (607) 229-1940
Photo of Annette Roldan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annette Roldan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Watkins Glen, NY 14891  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Annette Roldan and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of New York with over 7 years of experience. I work with mainly 5 years - 60 years old. The majority of my work has been with people who experience anxiety, depression, and ADHD. I am flexible with modalities based on clients' needs. I find I utilize CBT, DBT, and strengths perspective. I provide a thorough assessment to identify with the client the goals for treatment and like to focus on coping skills, building support systems and improving symptom management.
Hello! My name is Annette Roldan and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of New York with over 7 years of experience. I work with mainly 5 years - 60 years old. The majority of my work has been with people who experience anxiety, depression, and ADHD. I am flexible with modalities based on clients' needs. I find I utilize CBT, DBT, and strengths perspective. I provide a thorough assessment to identify with the client the goals for treatment and like to focus on coping skills, building support systems and improving symptom management.
(718) 571-8817 View (718) 571-8817
Photo of Tony E Scott, MSW, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tony E Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Dundee, NY 14837
I counsel individuals, families and couples from within the Central New York area in my private practice. I welcome clients of ethnic and racial minority ancestry, multi-racial adoptive families, as well as, descendants of Caucasian and European origin
I counsel individuals, families and couples from within the Central New York area in my private practice. I welcome clients of ethnic and racial minority ancestry, multi-racial adoptive families, as well as, descendants of Caucasian and European origin
(607) 821-2880 View (607) 821-2880
Photo of Gabriell Gereau, LMHC, Counselor
Gabriell Gereau
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dundee, NY 14837  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Gabriell (Gabbi) Gereau, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of NY, though I now live in Massachusetts. I love helping others improve their mental health and overall well-being, whether it be through play therapy, mindfulness exercises, talking through past trauma, or focusing on day-to-day stressors. Navigating life as a child, teenager, or young adult can be difficult. You are constantly learning new things, facing new challenges, and trying to adapt to our ever-changing world.
Hello! My name is Gabriell (Gabbi) Gereau, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of NY, though I now live in Massachusetts. I love helping others improve their mental health and overall well-being, whether it be through play therapy, mindfulness exercises, talking through past trauma, or focusing on day-to-day stressors. Navigating life as a child, teenager, or young adult can be difficult. You are constantly learning new things, facing new challenges, and trying to adapt to our ever-changing world.
(914) 491-3831 View (914) 491-3831
Photo of Meghan Gallagher, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meghan Gallagher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Himrod, NY 14842  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Meghan Gallagher, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 15 years of experience. I am currently working via telehealth throughout New York State. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, and loss. My holistic practice is client and strength-based focused, and I utilize a range of evidence-based interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Mindfulness Interventions.
Hi! My name is Meghan Gallagher, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 15 years of experience. I am currently working via telehealth throughout New York State. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, and loss. My holistic practice is client and strength-based focused, and I utilize a range of evidence-based interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Mindfulness Interventions.
(646) 718-1385 View (646) 718-1385
Photo of Angela Burd, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angela Burd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dundee, NY 14837
Offering individual, family & couples therapy services. Ask about my consulting services including individual/group clinical supervision. Also a provider of Alma and Hopscotch.
Offering individual, family & couples therapy services. Ask about my consulting services including individual/group clinical supervision. Also a provider of Alma and Hopscotch.
(315) 640-3570 View (315) 640-3570
Photo of Victoria Waring, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Victoria Waring
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dundee, NY 14837  (Online Only)
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with my MA in Psychology, and I also have a certificate in drug counseling. Who is from and licensed in NY and works with young adults, and adults & has over 15 years of experience with substance abuse, mental health disorders, CBT, DBT, grief & trauma issues. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with my MA in Psychology and also have my certificate in drug counseling and work with young adults and adults & has over 15 years of experience with substance abuse, mental health disorders, CBT, DBT & grief & trauma issues.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with my MA in Psychology, and I also have a certificate in drug counseling. Who is from and licensed in NY and works with young adults, and adults & has over 15 years of experience with substance abuse, mental health disorders, CBT, DBT, grief & trauma issues. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with my MA in Psychology and also have my certificate in drug counseling and work with young adults and adults & has over 15 years of experience with substance abuse, mental health disorders, CBT, DBT & grief & trauma issues.
(646) 718-2158 View (646) 718-2158

Online Therapists

Photo of Janette G Prentice - Samaritan Counseling Center, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samaritan Counseling Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Endicott, NY 13760
Samaritan Counseling is now offering telehealth services for residents of New York State with current appointment openings. Samaritan counselors are clinically trained certified social workers with masters degrees in counseling and psychotherapy. Counseling services are provided for individuals of all ages, couples, and families on a wide variety of mental health issues.
Samaritan Counseling is now offering telehealth services for residents of New York State with current appointment openings. Samaritan counselors are clinically trained certified social workers with masters degrees in counseling and psychotherapy. Counseling services are provided for individuals of all ages, couples, and families on a wide variety of mental health issues.
(607) 284-6579 View (607) 284-6579
Photo of Caroline Kaleda, LMHC, Counselor
Caroline Kaleda
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14221  (Online Only)
My favorite part of being a therapist is the continuously evolving relationship that I foster with my clients. I love learning about my clients— everything that makes them who they are, from their interests to their cultural influences to their friends and family, and how all of this impacts the way they view the world. I am passionate about assisting clients who suffer from anxiety, OCD, and relationship issues but also enjoy working with clients with a variety of other concerns including addictions, self-esteem, trauma, and more. I provide counseling that is culturally competent and LGBTQ+ affirming.
My favorite part of being a therapist is the continuously evolving relationship that I foster with my clients. I love learning about my clients— everything that makes them who they are, from their interests to their cultural influences to their friends and family, and how all of this impacts the way they view the world. I am passionate about assisting clients who suffer from anxiety, OCD, and relationship issues but also enjoy working with clients with a variety of other concerns including addictions, self-esteem, trauma, and more. I provide counseling that is culturally competent and LGBTQ+ affirming.
(646) 845-9620 View (646) 845-9620
Photo of Holly McCormick, LCSWR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly McCormick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR
Verified Verified
Elmira, NY 14904
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing quality therapy in New York since 2000. I have experience that includes work with children to geriatric populations. I have helped clients dealing with a variety of issues such as: depression, anxiety, sexual abuse, relationship issues, health issues, trauma, and to process end of life discussions. I hope that each session my client is able to see things about themselves or their life differently. I strive to help you learn ways to manage life's challenges in ways that are helpful each session. I am open-minded in my work with you towards achieving your goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing quality therapy in New York since 2000. I have experience that includes work with children to geriatric populations. I have helped clients dealing with a variety of issues such as: depression, anxiety, sexual abuse, relationship issues, health issues, trauma, and to process end of life discussions. I hope that each session my client is able to see things about themselves or their life differently. I strive to help you learn ways to manage life's challenges in ways that are helpful each session. I am open-minded in my work with you towards achieving your goals.
(607) 214-9050 View (607) 214-9050
Photo of Danielle Wolfson, LMHC, Counselor
Danielle Wolfson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Livonia, NY 14487
I primarily work with children and adolescents who struggle with anxiety, ADHD, life transitions, sibling difficulties and parent-child relationship challenges. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor I have worked for almost a decade supporting children, adolescents and their caregivers. I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental environment for emotions and thoughts to be explored by children, adolescents and their caregivers.
I primarily work with children and adolescents who struggle with anxiety, ADHD, life transitions, sibling difficulties and parent-child relationship challenges. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor I have worked for almost a decade supporting children, adolescents and their caregivers. I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental environment for emotions and thoughts to be explored by children, adolescents and their caregivers.
(585) 568-7803 View (585) 568-7803

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rock Stream, NY

< 10

Therapists in Rock Stream, NY who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Child
100% Other
100% Autism
100% Substance Use
100% Peer Relationships

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% Oxford

How Therapists in Rock Stream, NY see their clients

100% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rock Stream?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.