Therapists in Park Avenue, Rochester, NY

Photo of Sara Liedtke, LMHC, MT-BC, Counselor
Sara Liedtke
Counselor, LMHC, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
I am currently welcoming new clients for in-person and virtual session! I have over 15 years experience as a clinician, serving adults, adolescents, and children, using a variety of supports. Looking for a therapist can be stressful, so please feel free to reach out to schedule a free phone consultation. I am available for services to help with anxiety, OCD, spectrum of trauma, PTSD, depression, self-image/self-worth, and finding life balance. I can assist with self-exploration to identify your ability to grow despite the challenges outside and inside. I am available Monday-Friday and can be reached via phone or email.
I am currently welcoming new clients for in-person and virtual session! I have over 15 years experience as a clinician, serving adults, adolescents, and children, using a variety of supports. Looking for a therapist can be stressful, so please feel free to reach out to schedule a free phone consultation. I am available for services to help with anxiety, OCD, spectrum of trauma, PTSD, depression, self-image/self-worth, and finding life balance. I can assist with self-exploration to identify your ability to grow despite the challenges outside and inside. I am available Monday-Friday and can be reached via phone or email.
(585) 326-9717 View (585) 326-9717
Photo of Jada N. Howcroft, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jada N. Howcroft
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Painful experiences can shake us to our core, often leading us to craft narratives about ourselves based on these challenges. These stories might leave you feeling misunderstood and struggling to forge a strong sense of self, especially when your lived experience doesn’t align with societal norms. This can manifest as debilitating symptoms, difficulty connecting with others, and damaging self-beliefs, causing you to question your inherent worth and identity. Despite what your inner critic may tell you, embracing your authentic self is possible.
Painful experiences can shake us to our core, often leading us to craft narratives about ourselves based on these challenges. These stories might leave you feeling misunderstood and struggling to forge a strong sense of self, especially when your lived experience doesn’t align with societal norms. This can manifest as debilitating symptoms, difficulty connecting with others, and damaging self-beliefs, causing you to question your inherent worth and identity. Despite what your inner critic may tell you, embracing your authentic self is possible.
(585) 648-1047 View (585) 648-1047
Photo of Pam Spallacci, LMFT, MSEd, ADHD-, CCSP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pam Spallacci
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MSEd, ADHD-, CCSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and ADHD- Certified Clinical Services Provider. With a compassionate and understanding approach, I offer psychotherapy/psycho-educational therapy to individuals, couples, and families, with or without ADHD.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and ADHD- Certified Clinical Services Provider. With a compassionate and understanding approach, I offer psychotherapy/psycho-educational therapy to individuals, couples, and families, with or without ADHD.
(585) 440-6091 View (585) 440-6091
Photo of Christina Kennedy-Dunn, PsyD, Psychologist
Christina Kennedy-Dunn
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, struggling with friendship conflict or complicated family dynamics? Maybe these feelings are new and unsettling or familiar and exhausting. It is perfectly normal to have difficult times in your life and you might need some additional support to ease the burden. The path to healing emotional wounds begins with connection, feeling heard and cultivating self-awareness. I aim to provide a safe, genuine, and empathic environment while utilizing our relationship to facilitate collaborative and meaningful change.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, struggling with friendship conflict or complicated family dynamics? Maybe these feelings are new and unsettling or familiar and exhausting. It is perfectly normal to have difficult times in your life and you might need some additional support to ease the burden. The path to healing emotional wounds begins with connection, feeling heard and cultivating self-awareness. I aim to provide a safe, genuine, and empathic environment while utilizing our relationship to facilitate collaborative and meaningful change.
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Photo of Philip J. Monte Verde, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Philip J. Monte Verde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Attention people pleasers! You can't just 'get rid' of anxiety. Anxiety is a smoke alarm. It scans our environment, our body, and our mind for signs of trouble. When it finds trouble, it sets off the alarm. So we need to address the fire, not the alarm. If you want to explore what it is that anxiety is trying to tell you, then I may just be the therapist for you!
Attention people pleasers! You can't just 'get rid' of anxiety. Anxiety is a smoke alarm. It scans our environment, our body, and our mind for signs of trouble. When it finds trouble, it sets off the alarm. So we need to address the fire, not the alarm. If you want to explore what it is that anxiety is trying to tell you, then I may just be the therapist for you!
(585) 440-5422 View (585) 440-5422
Photo of Amanda Shaw, PhD, Psychologist
Amanda Shaw
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Not accepting new clients
Accepting new clients for January 2025: confusing. Together we can explore how your past experiences have shaped who you are today. You will gain self-understanding, self-compassion, and begin to feel happier and more fulfilled. I can help you navigate unwanted emotions and get you ready to cope with any difficult life circumstances that arise in the future. My past clients have described me as “non-judgmental, kind, and someone who calls them on their bullshit.” If this sounds like what you are looking for, please email me!
Accepting new clients for January 2025: confusing. Together we can explore how your past experiences have shaped who you are today. You will gain self-understanding, self-compassion, and begin to feel happier and more fulfilled. I can help you navigate unwanted emotions and get you ready to cope with any difficult life circumstances that arise in the future. My past clients have described me as “non-judgmental, kind, and someone who calls them on their bullshit.” If this sounds like what you are looking for, please email me!
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Photo of Kwasi Boaitey, LCSW, SAP, PCC, RYT, CPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kwasi Boaitey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAP, PCC, RYT, CPT
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Often in our lives we may encounter experiences which our current adaptive skills no longer serve us. Acceptance, compassion, and honesty with yourself can be challenging. Reaching out for support is often hard. It is during these times of discomfort that being met where you are, with what you have may be an opportunity to change the current course of your life.
Often in our lives we may encounter experiences which our current adaptive skills no longer serve us. Acceptance, compassion, and honesty with yourself can be challenging. Reaching out for support is often hard. It is during these times of discomfort that being met where you are, with what you have may be an opportunity to change the current course of your life.
(585) 318-8649 View (585) 318-8649
Photo of Catie Samantha Peck, LMSW, CCTP-I, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catie Samantha Peck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CCTP-I
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
There are times when life seems overwhelming or painful. Everything is confusing and frustrating and it feels like you’ll never be at peace. Anxiety, depression, anger and self-doubt give way to issues in relationships, inability to fulfill responsibilities at work or home, and turning to unhealthy coping behaviors. Since you’re reading this, you want out of this endless cycle and to live differently. Maybe you want to be able to build healthier relationships with those around you. Do you want to be a different partner, parent or friend? Or perhaps the relationship you most want to nurture and explore is with yourself.
There are times when life seems overwhelming or painful. Everything is confusing and frustrating and it feels like you’ll never be at peace. Anxiety, depression, anger and self-doubt give way to issues in relationships, inability to fulfill responsibilities at work or home, and turning to unhealthy coping behaviors. Since you’re reading this, you want out of this endless cycle and to live differently. Maybe you want to be able to build healthier relationships with those around you. Do you want to be a different partner, parent or friend? Or perhaps the relationship you most want to nurture and explore is with yourself.
(585) 229-6590 View (585) 229-6590
Photo of Margery F Rosen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Margery F Rosen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes our problems and pain are too much for us to manage on our own. I can help people understand their relationships with others and manage the challenges in their lives. My clients find me easy to talk to: I believe I know when to be quiet and when people need my help to talk about their suffering and struggles. Together my clients and I identify the troublesome patterns in their relationships - professional and personal - and figure out how to change those patterns. Sometimes I am there just to be with people as they acknowledge and bear what cannot be changed.
Sometimes our problems and pain are too much for us to manage on our own. I can help people understand their relationships with others and manage the challenges in their lives. My clients find me easy to talk to: I believe I know when to be quiet and when people need my help to talk about their suffering and struggles. Together my clients and I identify the troublesome patterns in their relationships - professional and personal - and figure out how to change those patterns. Sometimes I am there just to be with people as they acknowledge and bear what cannot be changed.
(585) 225-7680 View (585) 225-7680
Photo of Lenka Schroeder, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lenka Schroeder
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Waitlist for new clients
Life can get really tough sometimes and I think we all need a place to come and just BE REAL with another person. Vent feelings, share thoughts that one is not really comfortable sharing with close friends and family, just lay it all out however messy. ABOUT ME: I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in both California and New York with over 15 years in the field. I got my Masters degree in Integral Counseling Psychology at California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco, CA in 2008. My areas of study was Gestalt Therapy, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Creative Arts Therapy.
Life can get really tough sometimes and I think we all need a place to come and just BE REAL with another person. Vent feelings, share thoughts that one is not really comfortable sharing with close friends and family, just lay it all out however messy. ABOUT ME: I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in both California and New York with over 15 years in the field. I got my Masters degree in Integral Counseling Psychology at California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco, CA in 2008. My areas of study was Gestalt Therapy, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Creative Arts Therapy.
(585) 257-0198 View (585) 257-0198
Photo of Ann Betz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann Betz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
I have been a psychotherapist since 1990 and work with adults, couples, and families. Empathy, warmth, humor, and compassion are personal qualities I bring to our work, in addition to knowledge of theories and strategies. My experience and maturity help my clients deepen their understanding of themselves and their relationships, assist them to make changes, and accept what cannot be changed. I also keep in mind the impact of early family patterns on current struggles and create space for insight and self-reflection. Lifelong learning does not stop, and I bring this commitment to my practice.
I have been a psychotherapist since 1990 and work with adults, couples, and families. Empathy, warmth, humor, and compassion are personal qualities I bring to our work, in addition to knowledge of theories and strategies. My experience and maturity help my clients deepen their understanding of themselves and their relationships, assist them to make changes, and accept what cannot be changed. I also keep in mind the impact of early family patterns on current struggles and create space for insight and self-reflection. Lifelong learning does not stop, and I bring this commitment to my practice.
(585) 312-0093 View (585) 312-0093
Photo of Rob Langen - Robert Langen Counseling, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robert Langen Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a New York State licensed clinical social worker and have over 17 years providing psychotherapy services. I am conducting appointments online to help you achieve your personal goals. I have dedicated my career to understanding and treating emotional health. A specific area of interest is helping those to improve their interpersonal relationships, whether they be with family, coworkers, or others. I want our sessions to be a supportive and safe place where you can be your genuine self without fear of judgement as you process, learn, and work through life’s challenges.
I am a New York State licensed clinical social worker and have over 17 years providing psychotherapy services. I am conducting appointments online to help you achieve your personal goals. I have dedicated my career to understanding and treating emotional health. A specific area of interest is helping those to improve their interpersonal relationships, whether they be with family, coworkers, or others. I want our sessions to be a supportive and safe place where you can be your genuine self without fear of judgement as you process, learn, and work through life’s challenges.
(585) 563-9191 View (585) 563-9191
Photo of Rhea Zweifler, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rhea Zweifler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Sometimes life is hard and we need extra support. It can take courage to take that first step. By facing and working through difficult life challenges you can move from feeling lost and stuck to feeling more empowered and resilient.
Sometimes life is hard and we need extra support. It can take courage to take that first step. By facing and working through difficult life challenges you can move from feeling lost and stuck to feeling more empowered and resilient.
(585) 622-4326 View (585) 622-4326
Photo of Danielle Herold, LCSW-R, MEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Herold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, MEd
Verified Verified
Online Only
Danielle Herold received her Master's Degree in Social Work from New York University and a Master's Degree in Education from Lesley University. She is a trained psychotherapist who has experience in both inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy settings and has worked with adults, children, families, couples, and groups. She has a client-centered approach and is effective in working with anxiety and depression. She also has a background in trauma and eating disorders and a special interest in infertility and adoption. She has a commitment to working with a diverse clientele, including the trans community.
Danielle Herold received her Master's Degree in Social Work from New York University and a Master's Degree in Education from Lesley University. She is a trained psychotherapist who has experience in both inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy settings and has worked with adults, children, families, couples, and groups. She has a client-centered approach and is effective in working with anxiety and depression. She also has a background in trauma and eating disorders and a special interest in infertility and adoption. She has a commitment to working with a diverse clientele, including the trans community.
(585) 245-0146 View (585) 245-0146
Photo of Stephanie Spain - Serenity Cove Pediatrics, DNP, CPNP-PC, PMHS, IMH-E, RN-BC
Serenity Cove Pediatrics
DNP, CPNP-PC, PMHS, IMH-E, RN-BC
Verified Verified
Online Only
The mission of Serenity Cove Pediatrics (SCP) is to provide integrated holistic mental and behavioral health care for children and families while valuing safety and inclusivity. During my fifteen plus years of pediatric practice, I received specialized mental and behavioral health training to care for children and families with trauma. This includes special experience with children/teens with a history of trauma, foster children, adoptive children, pediatric refugees, kinship care, and high risk vulnerable children. ​ Currently, providing Telehealth assistance with specialized pediatric focused medication management in NY and VA.
The mission of Serenity Cove Pediatrics (SCP) is to provide integrated holistic mental and behavioral health care for children and families while valuing safety and inclusivity. During my fifteen plus years of pediatric practice, I received specialized mental and behavioral health training to care for children and families with trauma. This includes special experience with children/teens with a history of trauma, foster children, adoptive children, pediatric refugees, kinship care, and high risk vulnerable children. ​ Currently, providing Telehealth assistance with specialized pediatric focused medication management in NY and VA.
(845) 576-9893 View (845) 576-9893
Photo of Marie T Sergent, PhD MA, CGP, AGPA-F, Psychologist
Marie T Sergent
Psychologist, PhD MA, CGP, AGPA-F
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Psychotherapy is at its best when a client and therapist work as a collaborative team. Together with my clients, I work to create an environment that facilitates an understanding not only of their struggles, but also of their strengths as they move toward their goals. My approach is both direct and open, and compassionate and flexible. I have an appreciation of the whole person in the context of their relationships, and bring these ideas to my work. Each client is unique and I strive to provide a therapy experience that is designed for the unique qualities and situation that each person brings.
Psychotherapy is at its best when a client and therapist work as a collaborative team. Together with my clients, I work to create an environment that facilitates an understanding not only of their struggles, but also of their strengths as they move toward their goals. My approach is both direct and open, and compassionate and flexible. I have an appreciation of the whole person in the context of their relationships, and bring these ideas to my work. Each client is unique and I strive to provide a therapy experience that is designed for the unique qualities and situation that each person brings.
(585) 645-0769 View (585) 645-0769
Photo of Carrie R Ross, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Carrie R Ross
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Not accepting new clients
Everyone needs and deserves compassion, kindness, and to feel felt. This can be a challenge for many people. My intention is to help people heal with validation, support, and with no judgment. Our minds can be a very busy, exhausting, and intrusive place. I work with clients to help them feel empowered as they learn to manage their thoughts and emotions to feel more comfortable in their daily life.
Everyone needs and deserves compassion, kindness, and to feel felt. This can be a challenge for many people. My intention is to help people heal with validation, support, and with no judgment. Our minds can be a very busy, exhausting, and intrusive place. I work with clients to help them feel empowered as they learn to manage their thoughts and emotions to feel more comfortable in their daily life.
(585) 632-6549 View (585) 632-6549
Photo of Lisa Cavallaro, MSEd, LMHC, CASAC2, Counselor
Lisa Cavallaro
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC, CASAC2
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! Do you feel stuck in unhealthy patterns? Are your relationships at work, family and friends in need of improvement? The feeling of being lost, frustrated, confused, sad and anxious can occur throughout life’s transitions. I provide a safe non-judgmental environment to explore these feelings and thoughts to help you develop new coping strategies. I have 20 years’ combined experience working in behavioral health clinics, private practice and case management in managed care. Areas of focus are the following: Work stress and communication challenges, life transitions, relationships, grief /loss and codependency.
Welcome! Do you feel stuck in unhealthy patterns? Are your relationships at work, family and friends in need of improvement? The feeling of being lost, frustrated, confused, sad and anxious can occur throughout life’s transitions. I provide a safe non-judgmental environment to explore these feelings and thoughts to help you develop new coping strategies. I have 20 years’ combined experience working in behavioral health clinics, private practice and case management in managed care. Areas of focus are the following: Work stress and communication challenges, life transitions, relationships, grief /loss and codependency.
(585) 378-4138 View (585) 378-4138
Photo of Felicia R Reed-Watt, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Felicia R Reed-Watt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
"When I talk with Felicia, I leave feeling good about myself and others". Change occurs when people feel supported and comfortable enough to become aware, recognize their strengths and learn effective ways to deal with life's challenges. Now that you have made the first step let's work together to learn new life affirming skills, dispel negative beliefs, resolve painful issues and deepen your spiritual connection
"When I talk with Felicia, I leave feeling good about myself and others". Change occurs when people feel supported and comfortable enough to become aware, recognize their strengths and learn effective ways to deal with life's challenges. Now that you have made the first step let's work together to learn new life affirming skills, dispel negative beliefs, resolve painful issues and deepen your spiritual connection
(585) 454-9334 View (585) 454-9334
Photo of Claire McLauchlin, PhD, Psychologist
Claire McLauchlin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Park Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607
When things are difficult, it can isolate us, drain our emotional reserves, and limit our ability to look at things in new ways. I work to help clients appreciate the depth of their experience, and support them toward personal strength and healthier relationships. My style is open, collaborative, direct, and supportive. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years in private practice. I also served as adjunct faculty at the University of Rochester's Counseling Center for many years.
When things are difficult, it can isolate us, drain our emotional reserves, and limit our ability to look at things in new ways. I work to help clients appreciate the depth of their experience, and support them toward personal strength and healthier relationships. My style is open, collaborative, direct, and supportive. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years in private practice. I also served as adjunct faculty at the University of Rochester's Counseling Center for many years.
(585) 454-8859 View (585) 454-8859
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See more therapy options for Park Avenue, Rochester

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Park Avenue, Rochester, NY

80+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Park Avenue, Rochester, NY who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
91% Relationship Issues
89% Depression
82% Self Esteem
78% Stress
74% Life Transitions
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Park Avenue, Rochester, NY see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Park Avenue, Rochester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.