Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapists in Putnam Valley, NY

Photo of Valerie Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, IFS, EMDR, IADC, DBT
Valerie Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, IFS, EMDR, IADC, DBT
4 Endorsed
Putnam Valley, NY 10579
Waitlist for new clients
My work blends spirituality, forest therapy, IFS, EMDR, and DBT.
Full/waitlist-only for weekly therapy. IADC and EMDR intensives still accepted. You're tired, emotionally and physically. I support new mothers who are up at 3 a.m. wondering why they feel so sad when they thought this was supposed to be the happiest time of their life. I work with people who are grieving and are so tired of being told to “move on” when all they really want is to still feel connected to the person they lost (and yes, we can find ways to do that together). I work with young adults who have lost a parent and feel like no one else understands, and the thought of a college commencement is depressing, not exciting.
My work blends spirituality, forest therapy, IFS, EMDR, and DBT.
Full/waitlist-only for weekly therapy. IADC and EMDR intensives still accepted. You're tired, emotionally and physically. I support new mothers who are up at 3 a.m. wondering why they feel so sad when they thought this was supposed to be the happiest time of their life. I work with people who are grieving and are so tired of being told to “move on” when all they really want is to still feel connected to the person they lost (and yes, we can find ways to do that together). I work with young adults who have lost a parent and feel like no one else understands, and the thought of a college commencement is depressing, not exciting.
(631) 430-6351 View (631) 430-6351
Photo of Inga Middleton, Pre-Licensed Professional
Inga Middleton
Pre-Licensed Professional
Online Only
You may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from yourself or your future. You might be living with anxiety, chronic stress, chronic pain, or psychosomatic symptoms, and feel worn down by pressure, uncertainty, or self-criticism. I work with individuals navigating life transitions, complex trauma (CPTSD), and mind–body conditions using a somatic approach informed by Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT) and Hakomi. Together, we focus on building safety, reducing reactivity, and supporting a more grounded, connected relationship with your body and inner experience.
You may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from yourself or your future. You might be living with anxiety, chronic stress, chronic pain, or psychosomatic symptoms, and feel worn down by pressure, uncertainty, or self-criticism. I work with individuals navigating life transitions, complex trauma (CPTSD), and mind–body conditions using a somatic approach informed by Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT) and Hakomi. Together, we focus on building safety, reducing reactivity, and supporting a more grounded, connected relationship with your body and inner experience.
(914) 635-1263 View (914) 635-1263
Photo of Frank Pellegrino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC-M
Frank Pellegrino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC-M
7 Endorsed
Online Only
I've received formal training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, The Gottman Method for couples, Internal Family Systems, and other evidenced-based practices.
With over a decade of experience, I’ve had the privilege of working with a diverse range of people in various therapeutic setting. I strive to create a therapeutic environment where people feel safe, supported, and motivated for change. I understand the importance of working at a pace that is comfortable for you, while also providing gentle nudges to help you progress. My approach is warm, compassionate, and encouraging with a healthy dose of therapeutic humor.
I've received formal training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, The Gottman Method for couples, Internal Family Systems, and other evidenced-based practices.
With over a decade of experience, I’ve had the privilege of working with a diverse range of people in various therapeutic setting. I strive to create a therapeutic environment where people feel safe, supported, and motivated for change. I understand the importance of working at a pace that is comfortable for you, while also providing gentle nudges to help you progress. My approach is warm, compassionate, and encouraging with a healthy dose of therapeutic humor.
(845) 478-0867 View (845) 478-0867
Photo of Diane Lotto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-R
Diane Lotto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-R
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with older adolescents (16+) and adults struggling with trauma, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, grief, breakups & those big life transitions. Let's help you create new ways to feel, deal, & heal from life's toughest challenges. In our work together, we can help you manage those difficult emotions, heal from your past experiences, build self-esteem & acceptance (especially in the era of super unrealistic social media pressures), and foster healthy relationships with yourself & the people you care about.
I work with older adolescents (16+) and adults struggling with trauma, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, grief, breakups & those big life transitions. Let's help you create new ways to feel, deal, & heal from life's toughest challenges. In our work together, we can help you manage those difficult emotions, heal from your past experiences, build self-esteem & acceptance (especially in the era of super unrealistic social media pressures), and foster healthy relationships with yourself & the people you care about.
(914) 440-0402 View (914) 440-0402
Photo of Pamela Petkanas - Pamela Petkanas, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Pamela Petkanas, LCSW-R
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am an intensively trained Dialectical Behavior Therapy therapist, with other specialties in Accelerated Resolution Therapy for trauma, Internal Family Systems, Polyvagal Theory, Parent Management Training, and mindfulness.
My aim is to create and foster a warm and connected working relationship with each client, in order to build trust and engender hope for the journey ahead. Together we’ll explore what has brought you to this juncture, at this point in time. What has made you take action now? How would you like your life to look? I believe in strengthening our innate abilities and developing new skills to navigate through emotional pain. With creativity and compassion, we can resolve problems, heal emotional wounds, and discover new strengths to face obstacles. I work with children, adolescents, and adults including parents, couples, and families.
I am an intensively trained Dialectical Behavior Therapy therapist, with other specialties in Accelerated Resolution Therapy for trauma, Internal Family Systems, Polyvagal Theory, Parent Management Training, and mindfulness.
My aim is to create and foster a warm and connected working relationship with each client, in order to build trust and engender hope for the journey ahead. Together we’ll explore what has brought you to this juncture, at this point in time. What has made you take action now? How would you like your life to look? I believe in strengthening our innate abilities and developing new skills to navigate through emotional pain. With creativity and compassion, we can resolve problems, heal emotional wounds, and discover new strengths to face obstacles. I work with children, adolescents, and adults including parents, couples, and families.
(845) 472-4941 View (845) 472-4941

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lucia Falcone, Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Lucia Falcone
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
He introduced me to brainspotting, & IFS.
I could feel trapped fear & anxiety being released from my body. After only 2 sessions I started to see real improvements; I could do things that I wasn’t able to without being triggered or anxious. Having a strong bond with a trauma therapist that had training in these a techniques created a pathway for me to build a life free from the limitations of trauma
He introduced me to brainspotting, & IFS.
I could feel trapped fear & anxiety being released from my body. After only 2 sessions I started to see real improvements; I could do things that I wasn’t able to without being triggered or anxious. Having a strong bond with a trauma therapist that had training in these a techniques created a pathway for me to build a life free from the limitations of trauma
(718) 571-8369 View (718) 571-8369
Photo of Lisa M. Foglia - Emotional Archeology, LMHC, CCTP-2
Emotional Archeology
Verified Verified
New City, NY 10956
The way in which people navigate the world is through experience. Many of us have had difficult experiences at different times in our lives which have contributed to the way in which we view the world and more importantly, ourselves. As such, most people carry negative views or beliefs about themselves that are simply not true. Until those beliefs are challenged in an effort to change them, we more often than not, experience emotional or psychological discomfort in many forms. Therapy is a space that serves to remind each individual of their ability to positively impact their lives by cultivating a more accepting view of themselves.
The way in which people navigate the world is through experience. Many of us have had difficult experiences at different times in our lives which have contributed to the way in which we view the world and more importantly, ourselves. As such, most people carry negative views or beliefs about themselves that are simply not true. Until those beliefs are challenged in an effort to change them, we more often than not, experience emotional or psychological discomfort in many forms. Therapy is a space that serves to remind each individual of their ability to positively impact their lives by cultivating a more accepting view of themselves.
(845) 251-3124 View (845) 251-3124
Photo of Nicolas Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Nicolas Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ossining, NY 10562
Among the therapeutic models I employ are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Positive Psychology, Motivational Interviewing, and Family Systems Therapy.
In these challenging times, many of us may experience feelings of being overwhelmed due to work, academic responsibilities, or other social commitments. It is entirely normal to encounter feelings of anxiety, depression, or stress at various points. Your mental health is of utmost importance. Furthermore, I offer Clinical Supervision to Social Workers who are seeking clinical licensing credentials.
Among the therapeutic models I employ are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Positive Psychology, Motivational Interviewing, and Family Systems Therapy.
In these challenging times, many of us may experience feelings of being overwhelmed due to work, academic responsibilities, or other social commitments. It is entirely normal to encounter feelings of anxiety, depression, or stress at various points. Your mental health is of utmost importance. Furthermore, I offer Clinical Supervision to Social Workers who are seeking clinical licensing credentials.
(914) 268-6066 View (914) 268-6066
Photo of Isabella Scapini-Burrell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Isabella Scapini-Burrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Armonk, NY 10504
She combines Eastern & Western philosophies in her integrative approach, utilizing family systems, emotion-focused, and solution-focused therapies.
Isabella Scapini-Burrell is a licensed clinician in New York and Maryland with more than 20 years of experience. She is passionate about helping individuals and families in understanding and healing to form stronger connections with themselves and others. Isabella’s clinical experience encompasses working with anxiety, stress, difficulties in relationships, life transitions, family conflict, PTSD, bereavement, and codependency. She  explores the effects of stress and trauma on the nervous system, brain, and adaptability.
She combines Eastern & Western philosophies in her integrative approach, utilizing family systems, emotion-focused, and solution-focused therapies.
Isabella Scapini-Burrell is a licensed clinician in New York and Maryland with more than 20 years of experience. She is passionate about helping individuals and families in understanding and healing to form stronger connections with themselves and others. Isabella’s clinical experience encompasses working with anxiety, stress, difficulties in relationships, life transitions, family conflict, PTSD, bereavement, and codependency. She  explores the effects of stress and trauma on the nervous system, brain, and adaptability.
(929) 421-1869 View (929) 421-1869
Photo of Zuania Capó, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Zuania Capó
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
3 Endorsed
New Rochelle, NY 10804
I am a compassionate, integrative, multicultural (bilingual in English and Spanish), and neurodiversity-affirming psychotherapist passionate about supporting individuals in their lives and relationship dynamics while fostering self-awareness. I work collaboratively with clients to reconnect, heal, and regain a sense of empowerment through integrative, holistic, person-centered, and trauma-informed approaches. I have specialized in working with families, couples, and parents struggling with relationship dynamics and mood and anxiety disorders, while taking a particular interest in the intersectionality with neurodiversity.
I am a compassionate, integrative, multicultural (bilingual in English and Spanish), and neurodiversity-affirming psychotherapist passionate about supporting individuals in their lives and relationship dynamics while fostering self-awareness. I work collaboratively with clients to reconnect, heal, and regain a sense of empowerment through integrative, holistic, person-centered, and trauma-informed approaches. I have specialized in working with families, couples, and parents struggling with relationship dynamics and mood and anxiety disorders, while taking a particular interest in the intersectionality with neurodiversity.
(845) 535-1670 View (845) 535-1670
Photo of Mikayla Greeley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mikayla Greeley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rye, NY 10580
Have you wondered if therapy can be helpful to you? Are you struggling at work, at home, or in school? Do you experience anxiety, difficulty focusing, career challenges, social struggles, or loneliness?  You can talk to me about anything; nothing you tell me will shock or surprise me. I can help you become your own therapist by learning how to better deal with stressors that come up in life. I work well with young adults struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, relationships, body image, intimacy, and addiction issues. Clients often see reduced symptoms and improved well-being early on in therapy.
Have you wondered if therapy can be helpful to you? Are you struggling at work, at home, or in school? Do you experience anxiety, difficulty focusing, career challenges, social struggles, or loneliness?  You can talk to me about anything; nothing you tell me will shock or surprise me. I can help you become your own therapist by learning how to better deal with stressors that come up in life. I work well with young adults struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, relationships, body image, intimacy, and addiction issues. Clients often see reduced symptoms and improved well-being early on in therapy.
(718) 977-5437 View (718) 977-5437
Photo of Laura Ferrelli, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Laura Ferrelli
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Hi, I'm Laura - a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I provide virtual therapy for clients of all ages and identities. Whether you are navigating trauma, struggling with relationships, or exploring your identity, I aim to offer a warm, nonjudgmental place to support you.
Hi, I'm Laura - a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I provide virtual therapy for clients of all ages and identities. Whether you are navigating trauma, struggling with relationships, or exploring your identity, I aim to offer a warm, nonjudgmental place to support you.
(914) 568-3760 View (914) 568-3760
Photo of Kacey Kaufman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, PMH-C, CPC
Kacey Kaufman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, PMH-C, CPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I balance approaches, such as CBT and Solution-Focused Therapy, with insight-oriented ones like IFS & Psychodynamic theory.
Do you no longer recognize yourself? Depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, or constantly triggered? Feel out of balance? My clients often feel like they aren't "good enough" in many areas of their lives. They want to feel better but finding the time to work on themselves feels impossible. I partner with women to reconnect to the fulfilled, confident individual within. I help you find a healthier balance, better confidence, and more calm during this demanding season of life. We find clarity around how our past affects our present and shed the patterns that are holding you back. Clients leave our time together knowing themselves deeply.
I balance approaches, such as CBT and Solution-Focused Therapy, with insight-oriented ones like IFS & Psychodynamic theory.
Do you no longer recognize yourself? Depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, or constantly triggered? Feel out of balance? My clients often feel like they aren't "good enough" in many areas of their lives. They want to feel better but finding the time to work on themselves feels impossible. I partner with women to reconnect to the fulfilled, confident individual within. I help you find a healthier balance, better confidence, and more calm during this demanding season of life. We find clarity around how our past affects our present and shed the patterns that are holding you back. Clients leave our time together knowing themselves deeply.
(646) 583-3621 View (646) 583-3621
Photo of Leslie Robert Blumgold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Leslie Robert Blumgold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Serves Area
I provide client centered motivational interviewing. I have extensive experience with family/adolescent, LGBTQIA+, HIV, geriatric population, drug treatment, sex/food addiction, formally incarcerated/legally involved, and life-coaching and long-term counseling. Excellent engagement skills and outcomes. In the field for 20+ years. Providing in-home counseling, as well as telehealth services. I am a highly supportive, working with and towards your unique goals.
I provide client centered motivational interviewing. I have extensive experience with family/adolescent, LGBTQIA+, HIV, geriatric population, drug treatment, sex/food addiction, formally incarcerated/legally involved, and life-coaching and long-term counseling. Excellent engagement skills and outcomes. In the field for 20+ years. Providing in-home counseling, as well as telehealth services. I am a highly supportive, working with and towards your unique goals.
(646) 496-2032 View (646) 496-2032
Photo of Carolyn Gartner - The Center for Integrated Grief, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, FT
The Center for Integrated Grief
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, FT
Online Only
We offer IFS.
Are you navigating the heartbreak of loss? Caring for someone who is seriously ill? Living with chronic illness yourself? Grief and stress can leave you feeling unmoored—but healing is possible. At the heart of this work is relationship. I believe therapy is where science meets soul—where clinical tools and human connection come together to support healing. Together, we’ll focus on building practical coping tools for anxiety and depression, while also making space for personal growth, insight, and meaning.
We offer IFS.
Are you navigating the heartbreak of loss? Caring for someone who is seriously ill? Living with chronic illness yourself? Grief and stress can leave you feeling unmoored—but healing is possible. At the heart of this work is relationship. I believe therapy is where science meets soul—where clinical tools and human connection come together to support healing. Together, we’ll focus on building practical coping tools for anxiety and depression, while also making space for personal growth, insight, and meaning.
(646) 846-9332 View (646) 846-9332
Photo of Rishika Singh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rishika Singh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in emotions-focused, trauma-informed and somatically-attuned therapy: primarily IFS and AEDP.
I provide trauma-informed therapy for queer, POC, cross-cultural, and non-monogamous couples and partners to support intimacy through self-awareness and intentionality. You may be entering a new stage together, rebuilding after a rupture in trust, exploring non-monogamy, or seeking to deepen a strong connection. Our closest connections can reveal subtle (and sometimes not-so-subtle) ways we tend to sabotage our relationships. These behaviors are often unconscious and can quietly serve to "protect" us from intimacy. As counterintuitive as this may sound, closeness is very vulnerable, and we do not always feel comfortable with this.
I specialize in emotions-focused, trauma-informed and somatically-attuned therapy: primarily IFS and AEDP.
I provide trauma-informed therapy for queer, POC, cross-cultural, and non-monogamous couples and partners to support intimacy through self-awareness and intentionality. You may be entering a new stage together, rebuilding after a rupture in trust, exploring non-monogamy, or seeking to deepen a strong connection. Our closest connections can reveal subtle (and sometimes not-so-subtle) ways we tend to sabotage our relationships. These behaviors are often unconscious and can quietly serve to "protect" us from intimacy. As counterintuitive as this may sound, closeness is very vulnerable, and we do not always feel comfortable with this.
(347) 851-1517 View (347) 851-1517
Photo of Emilce P. Suarez-Lipton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PLLC
Emilce P. Suarez-Lipton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PLLC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My approach is informed by contemporary psychodynamic, attachment theory with a Humanistic, Anti-oppressive systemic lens, as well as IFS, mindfulness, intuitive healing, and energy work.
The curious paradox is when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change. What I am is enough if I would only be it openly.' C.Rogers. This quote is at the core of my work as a psychotherapist. I believe that the path to healing begins with the experience of being truly seen and celebrated with all your identities and parts that make the whole of you. I offer an affirming and collaborative space for the exploration of Self, connecting to your Divine within through mind-body-spirit practices so that you can move beyond the unloving narratives getting in the way of embodying your true Self and curating the life that you envision.
My approach is informed by contemporary psychodynamic, attachment theory with a Humanistic, Anti-oppressive systemic lens, as well as IFS, mindfulness, intuitive healing, and energy work.
The curious paradox is when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change. What I am is enough if I would only be it openly.' C.Rogers. This quote is at the core of my work as a psychotherapist. I believe that the path to healing begins with the experience of being truly seen and celebrated with all your identities and parts that make the whole of you. I offer an affirming and collaborative space for the exploration of Self, connecting to your Divine within through mind-body-spirit practices so that you can move beyond the unloving narratives getting in the way of embodying your true Self and curating the life that you envision.
(646) 798-1037 View (646) 798-1037
Photo of Nicole Wagner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CPD
Nicole Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CPD
4 Endorsed
White Plains, NY 10607
My practice is dedicated to offering individuals and couples the supports necessary to navigate through difficulties and guide towards a more authentic way of moving forward in their lives. I specialize in anxiety and depression, maternal mental health, trauma, parenting issues, loss/grief, life transitions and relationships.
My practice is dedicated to offering individuals and couples the supports necessary to navigate through difficulties and guide towards a more authentic way of moving forward in their lives. I specialize in anxiety and depression, maternal mental health, trauma, parenting issues, loss/grief, life transitions and relationships.
(914) 814-6231 View (914) 814-6231
Photo of Eric Werner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Eric Werner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I offer a complimentary consultation to answer any questions you may have. I work closely with adolescents who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, academic stress, social difficulties, or behavioral and family concerns. Using evidence-based approaches like CBT, DBT, and solution-focused techniques, I focus on your child’s strengths—helping them build emotional regulation skills, reduce stress, and grow in self-confidence. My focus is to help your child become their own therapist by providing skills to navigate life’s challenges.
I offer a complimentary consultation to answer any questions you may have. I work closely with adolescents who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, academic stress, social difficulties, or behavioral and family concerns. Using evidence-based approaches like CBT, DBT, and solution-focused techniques, I focus on your child’s strengths—helping them build emotional regulation skills, reduce stress, and grow in self-confidence. My focus is to help your child become their own therapist by providing skills to navigate life’s challenges.
(475) 253-2948 View (475) 253-2948
Photo of Amir Hamedany-Kohan, LMSW
Amir Hamedany-Kohan
Verified Verified
Online Only
I draw from a variety of therapeutic modalities, including CBT, DBT, IFS, and other evidence-based practices, allowing therapy to evolve as clients grow.
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) who believes therapy works best when it is compassionate, collaborative, and tailored to the whole person. I work with children, adolescents, and adults, supporting individuals who may be experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, or feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges.
I draw from a variety of therapeutic modalities, including CBT, DBT, IFS, and other evidence-based practices, allowing therapy to evolve as clients grow.
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) who believes therapy works best when it is compassionate, collaborative, and tailored to the whole person. I work with children, adolescents, and adults, supporting individuals who may be experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, or feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges.
(914) 604-2053 x1 View (914) 604-2053 x1

See more therapy options for Putnam Valley

Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapists
What is Internal Family Systems therapy?
Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a type of talk therapy that focuses on sub-personalities, or “families,” within a person, which may be made up of wounded parts and unpleasant emotions like anger and shame. These sub-personalities can come into conflict with each other and with an individual’s core Self, leaving the person feeling detached from positive traits such as the “8 C’s” of confidence, calmness, creativity, clarity, curiosity, courage, compassion, and connectedness. By healing a patient’s wounded parts, a therapist aims to restore balance and bring on positive change.

How does Internal Family Systems therapy work?
An IFS therapist will work with a patient to identify their particular sub-personalities, recognize the emotions powering them, and release them. By doing so, the patient should become more able to address any underlying problems their sub-personalities may have been trying to protect them from. Ultimately, a patient discovers ways to manage internal and external conflicts on their own, through techniques such as relaxation exercises, journaling, and making charts depicting the relationships between their core Self and their distinct parts.

Does Internal Family Systems therapy work?
IFS therapy has been shown to help people address conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic, fears and phobias, trauma, and substance use disorders. Some research has also found that it can help individuals deal with symptoms of physical health conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, such as pain, everyday functioning, depressive feelings, and low self-compassion. There are some conditions for which IFS treatment, specifically discussions of one’s “parts,” may be less appropriate, such as schizophrenia or other states that involve psychosis or paranoia.

How long does Internal Family Systems therapy take?
As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for IFS therapy. After becoming comfortable with a therapist and the core concepts of IFS, some patients quickly make progress. While experiences vary, most will find that it is a relatively longer-term therapy, involving months and sometimes years of sessions.