Therapists in Pound Ridge, NY

Photo of Karen Bridbord, Psychologist, PhD
Karen Bridbord
Psychologist, PhD
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
I am a licensed psychologist and one of the few Certified Gottman Couples Therapists on the East Coast. My speciality is helping individuals and couples identify and make changes in their personal and professional lives that enable them to enhance their life satisfaction and well-being. I integrate traditional psychodynamic concepts with contemporary methods such as cognitive behavioral, Gottman, attachment, and systems theories. Offering a highly personalized approach that is goal oriented and solution focused, I tailor my services to the needs of each individual or couple. My style is caring and direct, gentle and collaborative.
I am a licensed psychologist and one of the few Certified Gottman Couples Therapists on the East Coast. My speciality is helping individuals and couples identify and make changes in their personal and professional lives that enable them to enhance their life satisfaction and well-being. I integrate traditional psychodynamic concepts with contemporary methods such as cognitive behavioral, Gottman, attachment, and systems theories. Offering a highly personalized approach that is goal oriented and solution focused, I tailor my services to the needs of each individual or couple. My style is caring and direct, gentle and collaborative.
(917) 477-3089 View (917) 477-3089
Photo of Melinda Canno-Velez, Licensed Master Social Work, LMSW
Melinda Canno-Velez
Licensed Master Social Work, LMSW
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
I specialize in helping individuals navigate life transitions, whether it's starting a new job, losing a loved one, or adjusting to changes at any stage of life. Using relational therapy, I guide clients from teenagers to seniors to recognize their worth, build supportive networks, and rediscover their passions. If you're feeling stuck or unsupported, I'm here to help you regain confidence and resilience. You deserve a fulfilling life with meaningful connections, let's begin your journey together.
I specialize in helping individuals navigate life transitions, whether it's starting a new job, losing a loved one, or adjusting to changes at any stage of life. Using relational therapy, I guide clients from teenagers to seniors to recognize their worth, build supportive networks, and rediscover their passions. If you're feeling stuck or unsupported, I'm here to help you regain confidence and resilience. You deserve a fulfilling life with meaningful connections, let's begin your journey together.
(914) 647-4193 View (914) 647-4193
Photo of Lisa Hauptner, Counselor, MS, LMHC, CASAC, NCC
Lisa Hauptner
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CASAC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that in order to work on your issues -- regardless of what they are -- you must first feel safe and understood. My treatment approach is first to provide you with a safe environment created through empathic and non-judgmental listening. Change -- even positive change -- is difficult. By understanding my clients' individual strengths and applying effective treatment approaches, change can happen. This is a process that evolves through a working relationship of open communication and trust. Identifying and changing those patterns of behavior is the focus of our work together.
I believe that in order to work on your issues -- regardless of what they are -- you must first feel safe and understood. My treatment approach is first to provide you with a safe environment created through empathic and non-judgmental listening. Change -- even positive change -- is difficult. By understanding my clients' individual strengths and applying effective treatment approaches, change can happen. This is a process that evolves through a working relationship of open communication and trust. Identifying and changing those patterns of behavior is the focus of our work together.
(914) 763-6754 View (914) 763-6754
Photo of Virginia Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, MSW, MS
Virginia Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, MSW, MS
Online Only
Together, we can work to equip you with the necessary tools to help you face and overcome your challenges. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, or PTSD, you must know you don't have to be alone in this journey. I have the experience to help you achieve your goals, overcome these struggles, and live a more fulfilling and meaningful life. I value the journey that psychotherapy takes a therapist and client on. Through this relationship, a deeper understanding forms of the self and how one interacts with the world around them. Therapy and the insights that can be gained allow people to discover the power.
Together, we can work to equip you with the necessary tools to help you face and overcome your challenges. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, or PTSD, you must know you don't have to be alone in this journey. I have the experience to help you achieve your goals, overcome these struggles, and live a more fulfilling and meaningful life. I value the journey that psychotherapy takes a therapist and client on. Through this relationship, a deeper understanding forms of the self and how one interacts with the world around them. Therapy and the insights that can be gained allow people to discover the power.
(914) 559-9238 View (914) 559-9238
Marvin Markowitz
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
For over thirty years I've helped adults, children, adolescents and couples resolve their conflicts and lead more satisfying lives. I am flexible in my approach, paying special attention to the individual needs of those whom I treat. I have specialties in the treatment of anxiety, panic disorder, depression, couple/marital counseling, children and adolescents, ADD/ADHD, and bipolar disorder. Working with alcohol and other substance abusers has also been a long term part of my practice. With my wife, Roberta Markowitz,LCSW we conduct interventions, helping families obtain treatment for otherwise resistant family members.
For over thirty years I've helped adults, children, adolescents and couples resolve their conflicts and lead more satisfying lives. I am flexible in my approach, paying special attention to the individual needs of those whom I treat. I have specialties in the treatment of anxiety, panic disorder, depression, couple/marital counseling, children and adolescents, ADD/ADHD, and bipolar disorder. Working with alcohol and other substance abusers has also been a long term part of my practice. With my wife, Roberta Markowitz,LCSW we conduct interventions, helping families obtain treatment for otherwise resistant family members.
(914) 721-0963 View (914) 721-0963
Photo of Cynthia P Puccio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MA, LCSW
Cynthia P Puccio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MA, LCSW
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
I am a developmental psychologist and licensed clinical social worker with extensive experience working with young children, teens, adults, and families with a variety of mental health needs including emotional regulation, anxiety, life stressors, relationship challenges, and developmental disorders. I currently work in private practice in Westchester, NY, specializing in psychotherapy, child-centered play therapy, parent-child relationships, and learning differences. I embrace a reflective and strengths-focused model and I am known to be creative, compassionate, and open-minded.
I am a developmental psychologist and licensed clinical social worker with extensive experience working with young children, teens, adults, and families with a variety of mental health needs including emotional regulation, anxiety, life stressors, relationship challenges, and developmental disorders. I currently work in private practice in Westchester, NY, specializing in psychotherapy, child-centered play therapy, parent-child relationships, and learning differences. I embrace a reflective and strengths-focused model and I am known to be creative, compassionate, and open-minded.
(914) 386-2102 View (914) 386-2102
Photo of Lauren Dobbs, Psychologist, PsyD
Lauren Dobbs
Psychologist, PsyD
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
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Photo of Callie Wile, Art Therapist, MA, LCAT, CLAT, ATR-BC
Callie Wile
Art Therapist, MA, LCAT, CLAT, ATR-BC
2 Endorsed
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
Perhaps you have tried talk therapy before and it didn't feel productive or inspire you to change or reflect in new ways. Or perhaps you feel like you often don't have the words to describe how you feel, or aren't ready to verbally share about your challenges or difficult experiences. Individuals who can relate to these sentiments may greatly benefit from working with an Art Therapist. Through a combination of talk therapy and creative techniques I will support you in reflective and problem solving processes that will be different, productive and sometimes even playful.
Perhaps you have tried talk therapy before and it didn't feel productive or inspire you to change or reflect in new ways. Or perhaps you feel like you often don't have the words to describe how you feel, or aren't ready to verbally share about your challenges or difficult experiences. Individuals who can relate to these sentiments may greatly benefit from working with an Art Therapist. Through a combination of talk therapy and creative techniques I will support you in reflective and problem solving processes that will be different, productive and sometimes even playful.
(925) 369-0184 View (925) 369-0184
Photo of Ariel Blum, Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
Ariel Blum
Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
2 Endorsed
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
I am a licensed psychologist with a specialization in pediatric and perinatal (pregnancy and postpartum) mental health. I work with children and parents struggling with anxiety, trauma, and life transitions. I care deeply about fostering strong parent-child relationships and working with current and expectant parents who are managing the everyday stressors and adjustments to their parenting role. Through my compassionate, sensitive, and warm demeanor, I aim to collaborate with you to provide the most comprehensive and effective treatment. I treat each case through a multicultural and social justice lens.
I am a licensed psychologist with a specialization in pediatric and perinatal (pregnancy and postpartum) mental health. I work with children and parents struggling with anxiety, trauma, and life transitions. I care deeply about fostering strong parent-child relationships and working with current and expectant parents who are managing the everyday stressors and adjustments to their parenting role. Through my compassionate, sensitive, and warm demeanor, I aim to collaborate with you to provide the most comprehensive and effective treatment. I treat each case through a multicultural and social justice lens.
(203) 599-7119 View (203) 599-7119
Photo of James E. Blechman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, LMFT, LP, CGP
James E. Blechman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, LMFT, LP, CGP
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
Relationship expert/infidelity issues. AASECT certified sex therapist, licensed Marriage and Family therapist, licensed Psychoanalyst, licensed Clinical Social Worker. I've been in practice for over 25 years and during that time I've been able to treat a wide range of emotional problems in individuals, couples, adolescents, and families.
Relationship expert/infidelity issues. AASECT certified sex therapist, licensed Marriage and Family therapist, licensed Psychoanalyst, licensed Clinical Social Worker. I've been in practice for over 25 years and during that time I've been able to treat a wide range of emotional problems in individuals, couples, adolescents, and families.
(914) 297-9783 View (914) 297-9783
Photo of Wayne Gersh - Westchester Center for Behavior Therapy, Psychologist, PhD
I have been in practice for over 40 years and I feel that my best client is the person who recognizes that they could use someone like myself to help them alter their thoughts and behaviors that are impeding their progress. I have worked well with issues related to mood such as anxiety and depression, but also with stress related disorders. If you believe that life would be better if you only knew how to change your thinking,feeling and behavior, then I am your therapist.
I have been in practice for over 40 years and I feel that my best client is the person who recognizes that they could use someone like myself to help them alter their thoughts and behaviors that are impeding their progress. I have worked well with issues related to mood such as anxiety and depression, but also with stress related disorders. If you believe that life would be better if you only knew how to change your thinking,feeling and behavior, then I am your therapist.
(914) 302-5207 View (914) 302-5207
Photo of Roberta M. Markowitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Roberta M. Markowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Pound Ridge, NY 10576
For over 30 years I have helped people attain emotional well-being: contentment in relationships, effectiveness in work, satisfaction within oneself. I can help you work through and resolve your personal and relationship problems. I have particular expertise in helping people manage stress and anger. My clients often gain effective communication and conflict resolution skills that are critical to sustaining healthy relationships.
For over 30 years I have helped people attain emotional well-being: contentment in relationships, effectiveness in work, satisfaction within oneself. I can help you work through and resolve your personal and relationship problems. I have particular expertise in helping people manage stress and anger. My clients often gain effective communication and conflict resolution skills that are critical to sustaining healthy relationships.
(914) 265-1166 View (914) 265-1166
Photo of Carolina Alvarez, Counselor, LMHC
Carolina Alvarez
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal client is willing to do the work and understands that therapy is a process. They’re committed to showing up for themselves and open to feedback, applying what we discuss to their daily life. They show up authentically and openly, ready to be seen and heard. They have a deep desire to process their past to better understand themselves. They know their history shapes how they move through the world and want to explore those patterns with curiosity. Their goals include building insight, growing self-awareness, and aligning more deeply with their true self.
My ideal client is willing to do the work and understands that therapy is a process. They’re committed to showing up for themselves and open to feedback, applying what we discuss to their daily life. They show up authentically and openly, ready to be seen and heard. They have a deep desire to process their past to better understand themselves. They know their history shapes how they move through the world and want to explore those patterns with curiosity. Their goals include building insight, growing self-awareness, and aligning more deeply with their true self.
(646) 374-2912 View (646) 374-2912
Photo of Susan Healy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Susan Healy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Online Only
A cognitive-behavioral therapist, Susan's signature strength is treating overall health and the implications on mental well-being. Her 25± years of experience includes confidential treatment in anxiety, traditional therapy, holistic attention to brain and nutrition, EMDR, general life difficulties, depression, relationship and adolescent issues and parent coaching. Susan patiently and non-judgmentally facilitates navigating life changes and focuses on results. Her flexible style, experience and total awareness lead to successful outcomes within short-term psychotherapy treatments.
A cognitive-behavioral therapist, Susan's signature strength is treating overall health and the implications on mental well-being. Her 25± years of experience includes confidential treatment in anxiety, traditional therapy, holistic attention to brain and nutrition, EMDR, general life difficulties, depression, relationship and adolescent issues and parent coaching. Susan patiently and non-judgmentally facilitates navigating life changes and focuses on results. Her flexible style, experience and total awareness lead to successful outcomes within short-term psychotherapy treatments.
(914) 368-2357 View (914) 368-2357
Photo of Gisselle Acevedo, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Gisselle Acevedo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I welcome you into a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore the freedom to live with self-compassion while understanding your life and how you came here. Therapy can help you find peace in your life by identifying your power and wisdom and focusing on what brings you joy. If you or your family are experiencing difficulties, therapy is a necessary first step toward finding a more harmonious life.
I welcome you into a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore the freedom to live with self-compassion while understanding your life and how you came here. Therapy can help you find peace in your life by identifying your power and wisdom and focusing on what brings you joy. If you or your family are experiencing difficulties, therapy is a necessary first step toward finding a more harmonious life.
(475) 251-8455 View (475) 251-8455
Photo of Sara Weale - Day By Day Counseling PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Sara Weale, LCSW, MPH
Day By Day Counseling PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Sara Weale, LCSW, MPH
Serves Area
Hello! Thanks for visiting the virtual home of Day By Day Counseling LCSW, PLLC – a private practice dedicated to supporting adults who find themselves experiencing loss and change. I am a licensed clinical social worker and Certified Grief Educator by David Kessler + Grief.com. I have worked in care settings for frail older adults including those living with dementia and also provided support to caregivers, family and patients at the end of life. I provide empathetic and compassionate therapeutic services to adults experiencing grief related to death, chronic illness, medical trauma, ambiguous loss and the end of relationships.
Hello! Thanks for visiting the virtual home of Day By Day Counseling LCSW, PLLC – a private practice dedicated to supporting adults who find themselves experiencing loss and change. I am a licensed clinical social worker and Certified Grief Educator by David Kessler + Grief.com. I have worked in care settings for frail older adults including those living with dementia and also provided support to caregivers, family and patients at the end of life. I provide empathetic and compassionate therapeutic services to adults experiencing grief related to death, chronic illness, medical trauma, ambiguous loss and the end of relationships.
(914) 340-1073 View (914) 340-1073
Photo of Stephanie Perell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stephanie Perell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Teens, young adults and families face amplified stress in all realms of their lives today and meeting the demands of academics, social relationships and family closeness can become overwhelming. As a parent, watching your children struggle presents a persistent source of pain. As a child or teen, the struggles erode self-confidence and may provoke anxiety, depression and emotional or behavioral dis-regulation. Partnering with a therapist to scaffold your child's strengths and provide new tools to overcome their challenges is the goal of therapy. Finding practical strategies and a sense of balance is attainable.
Teens, young adults and families face amplified stress in all realms of their lives today and meeting the demands of academics, social relationships and family closeness can become overwhelming. As a parent, watching your children struggle presents a persistent source of pain. As a child or teen, the struggles erode self-confidence and may provoke anxiety, depression and emotional or behavioral dis-regulation. Partnering with a therapist to scaffold your child's strengths and provide new tools to overcome their challenges is the goal of therapy. Finding practical strategies and a sense of balance is attainable.
(914) 313-8689 View (914) 313-8689
Photo of Keara Conway, Psychologist, MSEd, PsyD
Keara Conway
Psychologist, MSEd, PsyD
Serves Area
Obstacles to having a successful and fulfilling life can take many forms and arise from a variety of circumstances. These obstacles may include anxiety, depression, lack of coping resources, and difficulty with relationships. Your willingness to identify and address the issues holding you back will be key to you overcoming them and having the life that you deserve. Once we have a deeper understanding of the dynamics underlying your individual challenges, we can work together to begin to change them and put you on a new path. While starting therapy and confronting your own personal challenges may feel overwhelming, I am here to help.
Obstacles to having a successful and fulfilling life can take many forms and arise from a variety of circumstances. These obstacles may include anxiety, depression, lack of coping resources, and difficulty with relationships. Your willingness to identify and address the issues holding you back will be key to you overcoming them and having the life that you deserve. Once we have a deeper understanding of the dynamics underlying your individual challenges, we can work together to begin to change them and put you on a new path. While starting therapy and confronting your own personal challenges may feel overwhelming, I am here to help.
(475) 242-8016 View (475) 242-8016
Photo of Ivy Austin, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Ivy Austin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Online Only
My work is informed by decades of experience in the professional performing arts. Skills honed in the theatre—active listening, trust-building, and authentic communication—are the basis of productive therapeutic relationships and serve my patients well. Relationships are not linear, and neither is couples therapy. The best place to start is in the here and now. Addressing what is happening in the moment leads to greater understanding, empathy, possibility, change, and a healthier future. Your relationship is unique, nuanced, and complicated. My job is to gently untangle the complex web you have woven.
My work is informed by decades of experience in the professional performing arts. Skills honed in the theatre—active listening, trust-building, and authentic communication—are the basis of productive therapeutic relationships and serve my patients well. Relationships are not linear, and neither is couples therapy. The best place to start is in the here and now. Addressing what is happening in the moment leads to greater understanding, empathy, possibility, change, and a healthier future. Your relationship is unique, nuanced, and complicated. My job is to gently untangle the complex web you have woven.
(646) 374-2640 View (646) 374-2640
Photo of Barbara Carbone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Barbara Carbone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Serves Area
I have 20+ years of experience treating adults and teenagers with a variety of issues related to depression, anxiety, self esteem, relationships, work, career and parenting challenges. I have expertise in the areas of trauma, crisis intervention and addressing major life transitions including separation and divorce. I have also worked extensively with victims of violent crime and survivors of sexual assault and incest.
I have 20+ years of experience treating adults and teenagers with a variety of issues related to depression, anxiety, self esteem, relationships, work, career and parenting challenges. I have expertise in the areas of trauma, crisis intervention and addressing major life transitions including separation and divorce. I have also worked extensively with victims of violent crime and survivors of sexual assault and incest.
(914) 514-9083 View (914) 514-9083
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See more therapy options for Pound Ridge

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pound Ridge, NY

30+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Pound Ridge, NY who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
94% Relationship Issues
94% Depression
78% Parenting
78% Self Esteem
75% Family Conflict
75% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

22 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pound Ridge, NY see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pound Ridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.