Therapists in Hamburg, NY

Photo of Adrael Bushman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP-II
Adrael Bushman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP-II
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Waitlist for new clients
Meaningful change is possible, and it starts with taking the risk to do something different. That is brave work, and I am here to support people in doing it. I believe it's possible to relate to any experience in a way that allows for peace and growth. That doesn't mean it is easy. Life can be difficult, and harder to navigate if we've not been able to address past adversity and missing pieces. I've found self-compassion to be key in healing and growth, and it can be cultivated. My approach is collaborative, direct, and supportive. I welcome people as they are, and am open to learning from my clients.
Meaningful change is possible, and it starts with taking the risk to do something different. That is brave work, and I am here to support people in doing it. I believe it's possible to relate to any experience in a way that allows for peace and growth. That doesn't mean it is easy. Life can be difficult, and harder to navigate if we've not been able to address past adversity and missing pieces. I've found self-compassion to be key in healing and growth, and it can be cultivated. My approach is collaborative, direct, and supportive. I welcome people as they are, and am open to learning from my clients.
(716) 201-0442 View (716) 201-0442
Photo of Jerry S Kelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Jerry S Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
4 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Are you feeling sad, lonely or stuck?. Depression and anxiety can rob of us the joy of the present. We all need someone to listen to us - but effective counseling involves working with someone who can help you to achieve results. I have over 24 years of experience providing counseling to individuals, families and parents. I have helped many adults who have struggled with Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, and Relationship issues. Many that I work with are able with my help to resolve their problems and live more satisfying and full lives in the present.
Are you feeling sad, lonely or stuck?. Depression and anxiety can rob of us the joy of the present. We all need someone to listen to us - but effective counseling involves working with someone who can help you to achieve results. I have over 24 years of experience providing counseling to individuals, families and parents. I have helped many adults who have struggled with Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, and Relationship issues. Many that I work with are able with my help to resolve their problems and live more satisfying and full lives in the present.
(716) 780-5649 View (716) 780-5649
Photo of Jill Dunstan, Counselor, LMHC, CASAC 2
Jill Dunstan
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC 2
3 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
By creating a space where you can navigate difficult feelings, emotions, and all of life stresses my goal is to help you live a full life that is filled with joy. This may be because you are feeling stuck and unfulfilled in your life, or you may be unable to move forward after a difficult event or a traumatic experience. Or you are looking for guidance to discover peace with your inner self. I know how you feel: tired, confused, searching for meaning or barely being able to keep up with your endless thoughts or doom for your future.
By creating a space where you can navigate difficult feelings, emotions, and all of life stresses my goal is to help you live a full life that is filled with joy. This may be because you are feeling stuck and unfulfilled in your life, or you may be unable to move forward after a difficult event or a traumatic experience. Or you are looking for guidance to discover peace with your inner self. I know how you feel: tired, confused, searching for meaning or barely being able to keep up with your endless thoughts or doom for your future.
(716) 272-0364 View (716) 272-0364
Photo of Caitlin Violanti - Violanti Mental Health Counseling, PLLC, Counselor, LMHC
Violanti Mental Health Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, LMHC
3 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Are you having difficulty navigating the challenges of day-to-day life? Do small tasks seem like giant hurdles to overcome or complete? Are you having difficulty being present in the moment, or have you recently experienced a new life event that you're finding difficult to adjust to? Fostering self-awareness, inner peace, and a self-guided exploration of your true authentic self are pillars of my practice. Let's work together to identify positive ways to cope with every day stressors, all while reinforcing your personal strengths, and promoting overall wellness.
Are you having difficulty navigating the challenges of day-to-day life? Do small tasks seem like giant hurdles to overcome or complete? Are you having difficulty being present in the moment, or have you recently experienced a new life event that you're finding difficult to adjust to? Fostering self-awareness, inner peace, and a self-guided exploration of your true authentic self are pillars of my practice. Let's work together to identify positive ways to cope with every day stressors, all while reinforcing your personal strengths, and promoting overall wellness.
(716) 588-1969 View (716) 588-1969
Photo of Penny Lynn Drag, Counselor, LMSW
Penny Lynn Drag
Counselor, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
The sign: Your journey to empower self deserves empathy, authentic intentions and a passion for the growth you seek. You will find that I am a compassionate and non-judgmental listener, and I am confident that I will earn your trust. I have 19 years of experience with crisis intervention, medication monitoring, problem solving, human rights and evolving relationship dynamics. Additionally, I work with the special challenges that face the LGBTQIA+ community. Clients often tell me they appreciate my authentic, direct and warm style and are pleasantly surprised that we can share laughter together, despite addressing difficult topics.
The sign: Your journey to empower self deserves empathy, authentic intentions and a passion for the growth you seek. You will find that I am a compassionate and non-judgmental listener, and I am confident that I will earn your trust. I have 19 years of experience with crisis intervention, medication monitoring, problem solving, human rights and evolving relationship dynamics. Additionally, I work with the special challenges that face the LGBTQIA+ community. Clients often tell me they appreciate my authentic, direct and warm style and are pleasantly surprised that we can share laughter together, despite addressing difficult topics.
(716) 340-4525 x101 View (716) 340-4525 x101
Photo of Leslie Grey, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHC-P
Leslie Grey
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHC-P
Hamburg, NY 14075
My ideal client starts with you. Understanding your awareness of irrational feeling/thoughts begin when you come see me. Together, we can navigate, create and implement your journey that is feasible to your needs. Needing guidance and my journey with you allows me to help create a healthier you. Visualizing your past and present journey to your future goals by implementing realistic goals created by you. Realizing your growth while gaining self-esteem, self-efficacy and empowerment is rewarding in itself. To see your own growth allows me to provide the tools and skills needed with self-gratification of creating your world of happy.
My ideal client starts with you. Understanding your awareness of irrational feeling/thoughts begin when you come see me. Together, we can navigate, create and implement your journey that is feasible to your needs. Needing guidance and my journey with you allows me to help create a healthier you. Visualizing your past and present journey to your future goals by implementing realistic goals created by you. Realizing your growth while gaining self-esteem, self-efficacy and empowerment is rewarding in itself. To see your own growth allows me to provide the tools and skills needed with self-gratification of creating your world of happy.
(716) 355-1273 View (716) 355-1273
Photo of Lindsey Draper, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Lindsey Draper
Counselor, MA, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Life often throws us curveballs. These could be relationship difficulties, death of a loved one, stress at work, or struggles related to past trauma, depression, anxiety or life transitions. Perhaps your little one is showing behavioral struggles and he is falling behind in school, or you need help navigating a new adoption, or foster child. I will tailor my therapeutic technique to you. It is my job to listen, learn about your individual situation and provide you with the tools, techniques or resources to help; whether through psychoeducation, dialogue, coaching, or homework.
Life often throws us curveballs. These could be relationship difficulties, death of a loved one, stress at work, or struggles related to past trauma, depression, anxiety or life transitions. Perhaps your little one is showing behavioral struggles and he is falling behind in school, or you need help navigating a new adoption, or foster child. I will tailor my therapeutic technique to you. It is my job to listen, learn about your individual situation and provide you with the tools, techniques or resources to help; whether through psychoeducation, dialogue, coaching, or homework.
(716) 325-4560 View (716) 325-4560
Photo of Alicia Kay- Moonan, Counselor, MS, LMHC, CLC
Alicia Kay- Moonan
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CLC
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
My ideal client is a spiritually curious, heart-centered person, woman, or man who’s tired of repeating painful patterns, especially those rooted in generational trauma, people-pleasing, and family dysfunction. They’re done with surface-level fixes and are seeking a deeper path. They want a blend of grounded psychological tools and spiritual insight to break cycles, reclaim their voice, and live a life rooted in truth, worth, and soul. They’re ready to heal, rise, and embody freedom, clarity, and confidence.
My ideal client is a spiritually curious, heart-centered person, woman, or man who’s tired of repeating painful patterns, especially those rooted in generational trauma, people-pleasing, and family dysfunction. They’re done with surface-level fixes and are seeking a deeper path. They want a blend of grounded psychological tools and spiritual insight to break cycles, reclaim their voice, and live a life rooted in truth, worth, and soul. They’re ready to heal, rise, and embody freedom, clarity, and confidence.
(716) 320-9374 View (716) 320-9374
Photo of Lauren Vilardo, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lauren Vilardo
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
I am a graduate counseling intern who is committed to providing a safe, supportive, and welcoming environment for people who are seeking healing and growth. I believe in a collaborative approach where each client is the expert of their own life and has a set of strengths and resiliency that can be tapped into.
I am a graduate counseling intern who is committed to providing a safe, supportive, and welcoming environment for people who are seeking healing and growth. I believe in a collaborative approach where each client is the expert of their own life and has a set of strengths and resiliency that can be tapped into.
(716) 526-8181 View (716) 526-8181
Photo of Allan E Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MSEd, MS, SEP
Allan E Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MSEd, MS, SEP
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
I admire & appreciate the courage it takes to initiate & maintain therapy. Individuals & couples call because they are stuck in unhealthy patterns & do not know how to do something different. I assist them in creating & maintaining healthy patterns. Anxiety & panic are struggles for many people. They learn to control the anxiety as opposed the anxiety controlling them. Miscommunication happens because people often listen to talk as opposed to understand. I teach clients how to communicate in the therapy room so they leave knowing how to do it. Clients regain trust so they can reconnect emotionally & sexually.
I admire & appreciate the courage it takes to initiate & maintain therapy. Individuals & couples call because they are stuck in unhealthy patterns & do not know how to do something different. I assist them in creating & maintaining healthy patterns. Anxiety & panic are struggles for many people. They learn to control the anxiety as opposed the anxiety controlling them. Miscommunication happens because people often listen to talk as opposed to understand. I teach clients how to communicate in the therapy room so they leave knowing how to do it. Clients regain trust so they can reconnect emotionally & sexually.
(716) 638-2369 View (716) 638-2369
Photo of Alexandra Mastoras, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alexandra Mastoras
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hamburg, NY 14075
Has mental health impacted your ability to perform your best at school, work, or in daily life? Have emotional difficulties caused you to struggle with reaching goals or maintaining relationships? Managing this alone is never easy. I am here to help you navigate difficult life transitions/stressors, while building upon your strengths. I offer a non-judgmental and collaborative approach, while encouraging you, (and sometimes challenging you), towards becoming your best self. Together, we can work on reaching your personal and professional goals while managing your mental health.
Has mental health impacted your ability to perform your best at school, work, or in daily life? Have emotional difficulties caused you to struggle with reaching goals or maintaining relationships? Managing this alone is never easy. I am here to help you navigate difficult life transitions/stressors, while building upon your strengths. I offer a non-judgmental and collaborative approach, while encouraging you, (and sometimes challenging you), towards becoming your best self. Together, we can work on reaching your personal and professional goals while managing your mental health.
(716) 455-2818 View (716) 455-2818
Photo of Amanda G Lumadue, Counselor, LMHC
Amanda G Lumadue
Counselor, LMHC
Hamburg, NY 14075
Have you struggled to find peace of mind in life? Have life's transitions thrown you for a loop? Sounds like you've been trying to get the most out of life and that journey has impacted your mental health. This is where I can join you, right where you are, with whatever concern(s) you have. I work with adults and teenagers to find the balance they've been looking for. All I ask is that you're open to trying something new. It was Thomas Jefferson who said: "If you want something you've never had, you must be willing to do something you've never done." Let's explore these possibilities together.
Have you struggled to find peace of mind in life? Have life's transitions thrown you for a loop? Sounds like you've been trying to get the most out of life and that journey has impacted your mental health. This is where I can join you, right where you are, with whatever concern(s) you have. I work with adults and teenagers to find the balance they've been looking for. All I ask is that you're open to trying something new. It was Thomas Jefferson who said: "If you want something you've never had, you must be willing to do something you've never done." Let's explore these possibilities together.
(716) 350-3944 View (716) 350-3944
Photo of Taj Cochran, Licensed Master Social Worker, L, M, S, W
Taj Cochran
Licensed Master Social Worker, L, M, S, W
3 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Taj treats anxiety and OCD, allowing people to move at their own pace and comfort level. As a trauma therapist, Taj helps people heal in a supportive and safe environment. Taj’s office is a safe space for LGBTQIA+ folks to be themselves and explore their identity. Taj makes therapy an interactive and enjoyable experience, building on strengths and celebrating progress. As an enthusiastic therapist with over 12 years of experience in mental health, Taj is committed to helping teenagers and adults build their self-confidence, manage their moods and emotions, and feel motivated to be the best version of themselves.
Taj treats anxiety and OCD, allowing people to move at their own pace and comfort level. As a trauma therapist, Taj helps people heal in a supportive and safe environment. Taj’s office is a safe space for LGBTQIA+ folks to be themselves and explore their identity. Taj makes therapy an interactive and enjoyable experience, building on strengths and celebrating progress. As an enthusiastic therapist with over 12 years of experience in mental health, Taj is committed to helping teenagers and adults build their self-confidence, manage their moods and emotions, and feel motivated to be the best version of themselves.
(716) 703-5584 x129 View (716) 703-5584 x129
Photo of Stephanie Wesner, Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
Stephanie Wesner
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Change, whether it be anticipated or unexpected, is challenging. Feeling stuck as well can cause you to doubt yourself. Life can leave you feeling unsure, lacking confidence, and at times questioning your choices or your relationships. I can help you develop the tools needed to reach your goals and overcome your fears. Transitions are a part of life. I can help you access your strengths and learn to use them now and in the future so you can face those tough and exciting experiences with confidence in your ability to succeed.
Change, whether it be anticipated or unexpected, is challenging. Feeling stuck as well can cause you to doubt yourself. Life can leave you feeling unsure, lacking confidence, and at times questioning your choices or your relationships. I can help you develop the tools needed to reach your goals and overcome your fears. Transitions are a part of life. I can help you access your strengths and learn to use them now and in the future so you can face those tough and exciting experiences with confidence in your ability to succeed.
(716) 646-8297 View (716) 646-8297
Photo of Mary Kruszka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Mary Kruszka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Hamburg, NY 14075
Do you or your child ever feel overwhelmed, out of control, and it is hard to get through the day? You are not alone and do not have to face it alone. Hi, I am Mary, a licensed therapist with over a decade of experience helping individuals and families navigate life’s toughest moments. Whether you're a parent concerned about your child’s behavior, a teen struggling with emotions, or an adult facing personal challenges, I’m here to support you.
Do you or your child ever feel overwhelmed, out of control, and it is hard to get through the day? You are not alone and do not have to face it alone. Hi, I am Mary, a licensed therapist with over a decade of experience helping individuals and families navigate life’s toughest moments. Whether you're a parent concerned about your child’s behavior, a teen struggling with emotions, or an adult facing personal challenges, I’m here to support you.
(716) 274-6135 View (716) 274-6135
Photo of Mikaela McKee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mikaela McKee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hamburg, NY 14075
I'm a licensed clinical social worker with over 8 years experience. I work with children, young adults, and other individuals struggling with mental health concerns. I specialize in individuals who are suffering from anxiety, depression and mood disorders
I'm a licensed clinical social worker with over 8 years experience. I work with children, young adults, and other individuals struggling with mental health concerns. I specialize in individuals who are suffering from anxiety, depression and mood disorders
(716) 356-2907 View (716) 356-2907
Photo of Jason Agnello, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, CSCS
Jason Agnello
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, CSCS
2 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Therapy can be a place to slow down and make sense of what you’re feeling and carrying. I offer a warm, supportive space where emotions and body awareness can be explored at your own pace. My work is informed by the understanding that many struggles are shaped by early experiences, family patterns, and cultural pressures. I support healing that is compassionate, grounded, and practical. I also work with clients who are participating in psychedelic- or ketamine-assisted therapy, providing a safe space for integration. I practice under the clinical supervision of Lynda Battaglia, LCSW.
Therapy can be a place to slow down and make sense of what you’re feeling and carrying. I offer a warm, supportive space where emotions and body awareness can be explored at your own pace. My work is informed by the understanding that many struggles are shaped by early experiences, family patterns, and cultural pressures. I support healing that is compassionate, grounded, and practical. I also work with clients who are participating in psychedelic- or ketamine-assisted therapy, providing a safe space for integration. I practice under the clinical supervision of Lynda Battaglia, LCSW.
(716) 293-2577 x101 View (716) 293-2577 x101
Photo of Haley Swierszcz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Haley Swierszcz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you or your child facing challenges that are making you feel stuck and overwhelmed? Are current or past life traumas only adding to this mix and complicating your stress? Are feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and/or exhaustion taking up your day? Your current concerns are valid and I am looking forward to getting to know more about your story. If you or your child are ready to begin your therapeutic journey, I am ready to meet you there with compassion and care.
Are you or your child facing challenges that are making you feel stuck and overwhelmed? Are current or past life traumas only adding to this mix and complicating your stress? Are feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and/or exhaustion taking up your day? Your current concerns are valid and I am looking forward to getting to know more about your story. If you or your child are ready to begin your therapeutic journey, I am ready to meet you there with compassion and care.
(716) 412-2195 View (716) 412-2195
Photo of Chelsey M. Canfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chelsey M. Canfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
We find ourselves at times stuck, reliving our worst moments or struggling to make sense of how we feel. No matter your age, healing from trauma requires compassion and a person centered perspective. With a specialty in adolescent, young adult and family therapy, I am here to guide the healing process and provide the support necessary to build a more positive future for you or your family.
We find ourselves at times stuck, reliving our worst moments or struggling to make sense of how we feel. No matter your age, healing from trauma requires compassion and a person centered perspective. With a specialty in adolescent, young adult and family therapy, I am here to guide the healing process and provide the support necessary to build a more positive future for you or your family.
(716) 588-4563 View (716) 588-4563
Photo of Kelly Hummel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CLC
Kelly Hummel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CLC
2 Endorsed
Hamburg, NY 14075
Parenting stress is at an all time high, and my goal is to support parents in managing their stress and reaching their goals for themselves and their children. I am passionate about supporting parents/caregivers and their children in enhancing their relationship, leading to improvements in behavior and mood in the home. I chose the name "Nurturing Roots" because I strongly believe that the family roots and attachment inform behavior and emotions. My approach is very much attachment and relational based. By nurturing these roots we can build strength and resilience in children and adults alike.
Parenting stress is at an all time high, and my goal is to support parents in managing their stress and reaching their goals for themselves and their children. I am passionate about supporting parents/caregivers and their children in enhancing their relationship, leading to improvements in behavior and mood in the home. I chose the name "Nurturing Roots" because I strongly believe that the family roots and attachment inform behavior and emotions. My approach is very much attachment and relational based. By nurturing these roots we can build strength and resilience in children and adults alike.
(716) 638-3867 View (716) 638-3867

See more therapy options for Hamburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hamburg, NY

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Hamburg, NY who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
58% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Highmark BCBS of Western New York
73% Aetna
69% Independent Health

How Therapists in Hamburg, NY see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
12% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hamburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.