Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapists in Brooklyn Navy Yard, NY

Photo of Stephanie Staco, LMHC, LPC, CMHC, CCHt
Stephanie Staco
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have first hand experience as a member of the neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, and kink communities, and thus have a unique ability to provide insight and support to other members of those communities. I was inspired to become a therapist because of my own experiences with therapy and a desire to help those in marginalized communities
I have first hand experience as a member of the neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, and kink communities, and thus have a unique ability to provide insight and support to other members of those communities. I was inspired to become a therapist because of my own experiences with therapy and a desire to help those in marginalized communities
(516) 614-4749 View (516) 614-4749
Photo of Frank DiVenuto, MA, MHC-LP
Frank DiVenuto
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello! My name is Frank, and I am a dedicated and experienced therapist committed to fostering mental wellness and emotional well-being. I’d like to start by saying that I wholeheartedly believe that the strongest foundation for healing and growth rests between the relationship of a client and their therapist. When working with clients my philosophy is to provide a safe and welcoming space so that you and I can “dig-in” and work collaboratively together to overcome obstacles, challenges and sources of stress that may be currently impacting your mental wellness.
Hello! My name is Frank, and I am a dedicated and experienced therapist committed to fostering mental wellness and emotional well-being. I’d like to start by saying that I wholeheartedly believe that the strongest foundation for healing and growth rests between the relationship of a client and their therapist. When working with clients my philosophy is to provide a safe and welcoming space so that you and I can “dig-in” and work collaboratively together to overcome obstacles, challenges and sources of stress that may be currently impacting your mental wellness.
(929) 329-3723 View (929) 329-3723

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jacqueline A Phung, Psychologist, PhD
Jacqueline A Phung
Psychologist, PhD
Brooklyn, NY 11215
I am also IFS (Internal Family Systems) Level 1 trained through the IFS Institute.
Do you notice patterns of behavior that you’d like to explore further? Together we can get curious about where you are, how you got there, and find a path forward. By drawing from interpersonal, experiential, and attachment modalities, I empower clients to gain insight, define goals, and develop skills/tools to live meaningful lives consistent with their values. I see psychotherapy as an interactive process that can promote insight, create positive change, and foster growth. I also bring this perspective into my work with couples and families. I specialize in couples/ family psychotherapy as well as discernment counseling.
I am also IFS (Internal Family Systems) Level 1 trained through the IFS Institute.
Do you notice patterns of behavior that you’d like to explore further? Together we can get curious about where you are, how you got there, and find a path forward. By drawing from interpersonal, experiential, and attachment modalities, I empower clients to gain insight, define goals, and develop skills/tools to live meaningful lives consistent with their values. I see psychotherapy as an interactive process that can promote insight, create positive change, and foster growth. I also bring this perspective into my work with couples and families. I specialize in couples/ family psychotherapy as well as discernment counseling.
(347) 441-0940 View (347) 441-0940
Photo of Maggie Bender, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Maggie Bender
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brooklyn, NY 11215
For therapy, I utilize a combination of trauma focused therapy, CBT, IFS, and attachment.
I work with children and adults who are looking for a space to explore and process current or past issues, free of shame or judgment. I have worked across a variety of treatment spaces and have worked with a wide range of ages, identities, and backgrounds. In working together, I look to cultivate a therapeutic space where we can bring awareness and curiosity to patterns or behaviors that may no longer be serving you or your child. We all deserve a space where we can be our most authentic selves, and where ourselves can be met with warmth and compassion. This is what I hope we can achieve in our time together.
For therapy, I utilize a combination of trauma focused therapy, CBT, IFS, and attachment.
I work with children and adults who are looking for a space to explore and process current or past issues, free of shame or judgment. I have worked across a variety of treatment spaces and have worked with a wide range of ages, identities, and backgrounds. In working together, I look to cultivate a therapeutic space where we can bring awareness and curiosity to patterns or behaviors that may no longer be serving you or your child. We all deserve a space where we can be our most authentic selves, and where ourselves can be met with warmth and compassion. This is what I hope we can achieve in our time together.
(929) 405-1428 View (929) 405-1428
Photo of Mariah Twigg, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Mariah Twigg
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Online Only
I have post graduate training in psychodynamic therapy and I am currently receiving advanced training in IFS Therapy and working towards certification.
Life is complicated, and at times, it can feel overwhelming, lonely, or unfulfilling. Pain, grief, hopelessness, past traumas and difficult relationships can seem like too much to bear. While opening up to healing can be daunting and feel vulnerable, it is possible to open up new space to follow a more meaningful, connected path. My 10+ years of experience as a social worker and a clinician in NYC has lead me to believe that healing is possible for everyone. There is help. You don’t have to do it alone. As a therapist and a human I work from a place of openness, curiosity, compassion and introspection.
I have post graduate training in psychodynamic therapy and I am currently receiving advanced training in IFS Therapy and working towards certification.
Life is complicated, and at times, it can feel overwhelming, lonely, or unfulfilling. Pain, grief, hopelessness, past traumas and difficult relationships can seem like too much to bear. While opening up to healing can be daunting and feel vulnerable, it is possible to open up new space to follow a more meaningful, connected path. My 10+ years of experience as a social worker and a clinician in NYC has lead me to believe that healing is possible for everyone. There is help. You don’t have to do it alone. As a therapist and a human I work from a place of openness, curiosity, compassion and introspection.
(516) 940-7089 View (516) 940-7089
Photo of Sara McCullah, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Sara McCullah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
1 Endorsed
Online Only
IFS, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy are used to understand and connect patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with present conflicts) .
Sessions are based on your goals and desires and are an invitation for you to explore, experience, heal, transform, and grow. We will work to heal any part of your life that is keeping you stuck or in bondage. Whether it be from your present life, recent past, or childhood, our work together will be focused on bringing you into freedom and clarity. My dedication to serving adults, couples, and teens in the NYC/Brooklyn area, stems from a deep desire to accompany people through and to witness the power of healing, which ultimately leads to freedom.
IFS, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy are used to understand and connect patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with present conflicts) .
Sessions are based on your goals and desires and are an invitation for you to explore, experience, heal, transform, and grow. We will work to heal any part of your life that is keeping you stuck or in bondage. Whether it be from your present life, recent past, or childhood, our work together will be focused on bringing you into freedom and clarity. My dedication to serving adults, couples, and teens in the NYC/Brooklyn area, stems from a deep desire to accompany people through and to witness the power of healing, which ultimately leads to freedom.
(347) 767-4394 View (347) 767-4394
Photo of Sarina Shahmoon Kleinman, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, Psychot
Sarina Shahmoon Kleinman
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, Psychot
Online Only
I am an IFS Level 1 Trained Therapist, utilizing Mindful Self-Compassion, CBT, and psychodynamic principles.
I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, low self-esteem, trauma, and relationship challenges. You may struggle with insecurity, feel disconnected from emotions and relationships, feel affected by past experiences, feel stuck in recurring patterns, or may simply be looking to understand yourself more deeply.
I am an IFS Level 1 Trained Therapist, utilizing Mindful Self-Compassion, CBT, and psychodynamic principles.
I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, low self-esteem, trauma, and relationship challenges. You may struggle with insecurity, feel disconnected from emotions and relationships, feel affected by past experiences, feel stuck in recurring patterns, or may simply be looking to understand yourself more deeply.
(646) 718-2823 View (646) 718-2823
Photo of Andie Dabideen, LMSW
Andie Dabideen
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I love to use CBT, IFS, the Gottman Method, EFT and somatic experiencing.
My practice is grounded in the belief that we all have the capacity to learn, grow, and heal. I offer a safe and supportive space to process your emotions and develop coping strategies. I specialize in working with folks who are experiencing anxiety, depression, peer and family relationship issues, grief or loss, and life transitions. My education, career background and my lived experiences allows me to reach new levels of understanding with clients. I am a bi-sexual woman of color who knows what it's like to be othered and how to navigate those complex situations.
I love to use CBT, IFS, the Gottman Method, EFT and somatic experiencing.
My practice is grounded in the belief that we all have the capacity to learn, grow, and heal. I offer a safe and supportive space to process your emotions and develop coping strategies. I specialize in working with folks who are experiencing anxiety, depression, peer and family relationship issues, grief or loss, and life transitions. My education, career background and my lived experiences allows me to reach new levels of understanding with clients. I am a bi-sexual woman of color who knows what it's like to be othered and how to navigate those complex situations.
(929) 552-9050 View (929) 552-9050
Photo of Lara Cassell-Rosado, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lara Cassell-Rosado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am trained in a number of evidence-based, trauma-focused modalities, including EMDR, TF-CBT, DBT, IFS, and Polyvagal Theory.
Hey there, and welcome to this next part of your journey. Let’s take a moment to recognize that you are a total badass for just being here, and surviving whatever it is that has brought you to this place. It takes courage to explore working with a therapist, whether it’s your first or fifth time searching for the right connection. Here’s what I will always strive to provide for you: a safe and judgment-free space, where we hold a deep respect for what you’ve been through, and honor the resources you contain within yourself to have survived to this point.
I am trained in a number of evidence-based, trauma-focused modalities, including EMDR, TF-CBT, DBT, IFS, and Polyvagal Theory.
Hey there, and welcome to this next part of your journey. Let’s take a moment to recognize that you are a total badass for just being here, and surviving whatever it is that has brought you to this place. It takes courage to explore working with a therapist, whether it’s your first or fifth time searching for the right connection. Here’s what I will always strive to provide for you: a safe and judgment-free space, where we hold a deep respect for what you’ve been through, and honor the resources you contain within yourself to have survived to this point.
(347) 970-7376 View (347) 970-7376
Photo of Iliana Reynoso, Counselor, LMHC
Iliana Reynoso
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
My therapeutic style includes IFS & Transformational Chairwork, which I believe can help you explore & express your inner thoughts, feelings, & parts of yourself.
Taking the first step toward therapy can feel scary, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. I have experience working with children, young adults, & adults facing challenges like mood disorders & addiction. I believe people are inherently good & that emotions & behaviors are influenced by factors such as chemical imbalances, genetics, psychological dynamics, or social experiences, including traumatic life events. While I’m passionate about helping adult children of immigrant parents, my approach is inclusive & adaptable. Together, we’ll create a space where you feel seen, heard, & supported as you work toward a fulfilling life.
My therapeutic style includes IFS & Transformational Chairwork, which I believe can help you explore & express your inner thoughts, feelings, & parts of yourself.
Taking the first step toward therapy can feel scary, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. I have experience working with children, young adults, & adults facing challenges like mood disorders & addiction. I believe people are inherently good & that emotions & behaviors are influenced by factors such as chemical imbalances, genetics, psychological dynamics, or social experiences, including traumatic life events. While I’m passionate about helping adult children of immigrant parents, my approach is inclusive & adaptable. Together, we’ll create a space where you feel seen, heard, & supported as you work toward a fulfilling life.
(929) 499-0954 View (929) 499-0954
Photo of Jorge Arias, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMT, RYT
Jorge Arias
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMT, RYT
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11215
I draw from experience in various therapeutic approaches including Neuro Affective Relational Model therapy (NARM), Internal Family Systems ( IFS) and Hakomi.
When we don't feel our best, it is a challenge to fully engage with life and unleash our true potential. Life transitions, grief, trauma, depression and other stressors can leave us stuck and feeling like the life we truly want to live is out of reach. It is my firm belief each of us has the power inside to heal and transcend these types of limitations. Through compassionate, supported inquiry, we can dismantle the blocks that keep us from our most deeply held desires. I am here to assist in that process. Through a holistic approach that honors the mind, body and spirit, I am dedicated to helping you move forward.
I draw from experience in various therapeutic approaches including Neuro Affective Relational Model therapy (NARM), Internal Family Systems ( IFS) and Hakomi.
When we don't feel our best, it is a challenge to fully engage with life and unleash our true potential. Life transitions, grief, trauma, depression and other stressors can leave us stuck and feeling like the life we truly want to live is out of reach. It is my firm belief each of us has the power inside to heal and transcend these types of limitations. Through compassionate, supported inquiry, we can dismantle the blocks that keep us from our most deeply held desires. I am here to assist in that process. Through a holistic approach that honors the mind, body and spirit, I am dedicated to helping you move forward.
(929) 357-0896 View (929) 357-0896
Photo of Rebecca Simone Rogers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rebecca Simone Rogers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
9 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11217
I have extensive post graduate training in psychodynamic and relational psychotherapy, trauma (EMDR and IFS), and mindfulness.
For many people, psychotherapy can be a powerful instrument for growth. I create a safe, collaborative, trusting environment for you to explore and clarify how to make lasting, positive change in your life. It is my belief that therapy must be tailored to each person's unique needs, and I draw from a variety of methodologies and techniques to incorporate what is most helpful for each individual.
I have extensive post graduate training in psychodynamic and relational psychotherapy, trauma (EMDR and IFS), and mindfulness.
For many people, psychotherapy can be a powerful instrument for growth. I create a safe, collaborative, trusting environment for you to explore and clarify how to make lasting, positive change in your life. It is my belief that therapy must be tailored to each person's unique needs, and I draw from a variety of methodologies and techniques to incorporate what is most helpful for each individual.
(347) 408-2873 View (347) 408-2873
Photo of Sarah Hughes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Hughes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brooklyn, NY 11217
I am trained in Internal Family Systems ( IFS), and have specialist experience working with UHNW/HNW individuals and families.
I am a New York-based licensed therapist, specializing in the treatment of clients working in the city’s highest pressure industries - finance, big law, and consulting. I have a unique understanding of the sector-specific demands of working in these challenging fields. Prior to training and working as a clinician, I was Head of Investor Services at a large NYC hedge fund.
I am trained in Internal Family Systems ( IFS), and have specialist experience working with UHNW/HNW individuals and families.
I am a New York-based licensed therapist, specializing in the treatment of clients working in the city’s highest pressure industries - finance, big law, and consulting. I have a unique understanding of the sector-specific demands of working in these challenging fields. Prior to training and working as a clinician, I was Head of Investor Services at a large NYC hedge fund.
(646) 906-8472 View (646) 906-8472
Photo of Sarah Dumoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Dumoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brooklyn, NY 11242
I integrate CBT, IFS, and mindfulness-based practices to support emotional regulation, deeper self-understanding, and lasting change.
Clients often share that they feel genuinely seen in our work together. I bring warmth, authenticity, and just the right dose of humor into sessions—creating a safe, grounded space to explore what’s holding you back and build tools that align with the life you want to lead. We’ll focus on tools that are healing and helpful, not just theoretical.
I integrate CBT, IFS, and mindfulness-based practices to support emotional regulation, deeper self-understanding, and lasting change.
Clients often share that they feel genuinely seen in our work together. I bring warmth, authenticity, and just the right dose of humor into sessions—creating a safe, grounded space to explore what’s holding you back and build tools that align with the life you want to lead. We’ll focus on tools that are healing and helpful, not just theoretical.
(646) 374-2648 View (646) 374-2648
Photo of Lorena Maldonado I Self-Esteem + Relationship Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Lorena Maldonado I Self-Esteem + Relationship Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you find your mind racing with “what ifs” and “shoulds”?
You're ready to acknowledge and listen to your wants and needs and are wanting to practice this with your relationships. You’re curious about how the past may be influencing the present and ready to heal parts of you that feel rejected and abandoned. You’re on a self love journey, and I’m here to help you tap into your joy and confidence along the way!
Do you find your mind racing with “what ifs” and “shoulds”?
You're ready to acknowledge and listen to your wants and needs and are wanting to practice this with your relationships. You’re curious about how the past may be influencing the present and ready to heal parts of you that feel rejected and abandoned. You’re on a self love journey, and I’m here to help you tap into your joy and confidence along the way!
(718) 957-1916 View (718) 957-1916
Photo of Sarah Meckler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Meckler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11215
I mostly work within a psychodynamic model, but also utilize relational therapy, IFS, and EMDR.
I will work collaboratively with you to analyze areas you feel need improvement, manage stress, clarify goals, and modify unwanted patterns in your life. I specialize in reducing anxiety, improving relationship dynamics, facilitating a deeper understanding of family issues, and assisting and supporting you through life transitions. I have a lot of experience with the LGBTQIA community, people in non-monogamous relationships, young adults and teens. I also offer EMDR for the treatment of trauma.
I mostly work within a psychodynamic model, but also utilize relational therapy, IFS, and EMDR.
I will work collaboratively with you to analyze areas you feel need improvement, manage stress, clarify goals, and modify unwanted patterns in your life. I specialize in reducing anxiety, improving relationship dynamics, facilitating a deeper understanding of family issues, and assisting and supporting you through life transitions. I have a lot of experience with the LGBTQIA community, people in non-monogamous relationships, young adults and teens. I also offer EMDR for the treatment of trauma.
(929) 334-4930 View (929) 334-4930
Photo of Annie Kelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Annie Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Nyack, NY 10960
I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Internal Family Systems ( IFS) which are evidence based treatment modalities.
Clients typically come to me when they are feeling lost in their lives. They are often overwhelmed by thoughts that they are not where they “should” be and are having trouble making decisions which contributes to a cycle of comparing themselves to others and a low sense of self-worth. Clients often describe feeling burnt out from always putting others first which leads to feelings of emptiness and dissatisfaction.
I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Internal Family Systems ( IFS) which are evidence based treatment modalities.
Clients typically come to me when they are feeling lost in their lives. They are often overwhelmed by thoughts that they are not where they “should” be and are having trouble making decisions which contributes to a cycle of comparing themselves to others and a low sense of self-worth. Clients often describe feeling burnt out from always putting others first which leads to feelings of emptiness and dissatisfaction.
(845) 299-8832 View (845) 299-8832
Photo of Joshua Boyles, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Joshua Boyles
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11225
Experienced with the utilization of CBT, DBT, and Talk Therapy, as well as areas including Internal Family Systems, Positive Psychology, Psycho-analysis and Psycho-education.
Whether you are learning to address new life obstacles or overcoming lifelong struggles, my treatment approach focuses on maximizing your innate personal strengths. My goal as a psychotherapist is to provide you the tools and self-determination you need to better manage your life in a safe, trustworthy environment free from judgement.
Experienced with the utilization of CBT, DBT, and Talk Therapy, as well as areas including Internal Family Systems, Positive Psychology, Psycho-analysis and Psycho-education.
Whether you are learning to address new life obstacles or overcoming lifelong struggles, my treatment approach focuses on maximizing your innate personal strengths. My goal as a psychotherapist is to provide you the tools and self-determination you need to better manage your life in a safe, trustworthy environment free from judgement.
(929) 460-8446 View (929) 460-8446
Photo of Anabella Bergamasco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BA
Anabella Bergamasco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BA
7 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I combine psychodynamic, IFS, mindfulness and broader systems-thinking in my work.
I offer a supportive space to explore thoughts and feelings about relationships, sex and sexuality, gender, work, depression, anxiety, and grief. For people exploring non-ordinary states of consciousness, I provide psychedelic preparation and integration. I also offer ketamine-assisted therapy in clients' homes, including individuals using Joyous microdosing protocol. BIPOC folks, queer folks, high-achievers, immigrants & third-culture kids all make up the majority of my practice, but I welcome everyone.
I combine psychodynamic, IFS, mindfulness and broader systems-thinking in my work.
I offer a supportive space to explore thoughts and feelings about relationships, sex and sexuality, gender, work, depression, anxiety, and grief. For people exploring non-ordinary states of consciousness, I provide psychedelic preparation and integration. I also offer ketamine-assisted therapy in clients' homes, including individuals using Joyous microdosing protocol. BIPOC folks, queer folks, high-achievers, immigrants & third-culture kids all make up the majority of my practice, but I welcome everyone.
(929) 470-1717 View (929) 470-1717
Photo of Elio Lewis, Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Elio Lewis
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Serves Area
I integrate trauma modalities from IFS, SE, and EMDR trainings.
Living with trauma symptoms can feel deeply isolating. Our bodies possess an innate ability to heal when supported, yet systemic and historic barriers often hinder that recovery. What’s needed is a model that is compassionate and depathologizing. As a somatic trauma therapist, I help you reconnect with your body and cultivate a sense of inner safety, restoring ease to sensations disrupted by past or ongoing experiences. Together, we’ll explore what protective strategies have developed to shield from the pain within, and introduce the support necessary for healing. Clients report feeling more alive, empowered, and connected.
I integrate trauma modalities from IFS, SE, and EMDR trainings.
Living with trauma symptoms can feel deeply isolating. Our bodies possess an innate ability to heal when supported, yet systemic and historic barriers often hinder that recovery. What’s needed is a model that is compassionate and depathologizing. As a somatic trauma therapist, I help you reconnect with your body and cultivate a sense of inner safety, restoring ease to sensations disrupted by past or ongoing experiences. Together, we’ll explore what protective strategies have developed to shield from the pain within, and introduce the support necessary for healing. Clients report feeling more alive, empowered, and connected.
(315) 644-6596 View (315) 644-6596

See more therapy options for Brooklyn Navy Yard

Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapists

What is Internal Family Systems therapy?

Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a type of talk therapy that focuses on sub-personalities, or “families,” within a person, which may be made up of wounded parts and unpleasant emotions like anger and shame. These sub-personalities can come into conflict with each other and with an individual’s core Self, leaving the person feeling detached from positive traits such as the “8 C’s” of confidence, calmness, creativity, clarity, curiosity, courage, compassion, and connectedness. By healing a patient’s wounded parts, a therapist aims to restore balance and bring on positive change.

How does Internal Family Systems therapy work?

An IFS therapist will work with a patient to identify their particular sub-personalities, recognize the emotions powering them, and release them. By doing so, the patient should become more able to address any underlying problems their sub-personalities may have been trying to protect them from. Ultimately, a patient discovers ways to manage internal and external conflicts on their own, through techniques such as relaxation exercises, journaling, and making charts depicting the relationships between their core Self and their distinct parts.

Does Internal Family Systems therapy work?

IFS therapy has been shown to help people address conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic, fears and phobias, trauma, and substance use disorders. Some research has also found that it can help individuals deal with symptoms of physical health conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, such as pain, everyday functioning, depressive feelings, and low self-compassion. There are some conditions for which IFS treatment, specifically discussions of one’s “parts,” may be less appropriate, such as schizophrenia or other states that involve psychosis or paranoia.

How long does Internal Family Systems therapy take?

As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for IFS therapy. After becoming comfortable with a therapist and the core concepts of IFS, some patients quickly make progress. While experiences vary, most will find that it is a relatively longer-term therapy, involving months and sometimes years of sessions.