Therapists in South Central, Reno, NV

Photo of Renee A Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Renee A Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
South Central, Reno, NV 89511
I have extensive experience working with a wide variety of issues with children, adolescents, and adults, which include anxiety/panic, depression, anger, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, sleep disorders, self-harm, grief, chronic pain, trauma, and PTSD. The foundation of my work recognizes that the mind, body and spirit are equally important in healing the person. Because there is a constant interaction between these 3 entities, each has a significant influence on the other. When all 3 entities are addressed, optimal and sustaining changes can be achieved. I enjoy working with all issues when using this approach to help you achieve your goals.
I have extensive experience working with a wide variety of issues with children, adolescents, and adults, which include anxiety/panic, depression, anger, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, sleep disorders, self-harm, grief, chronic pain, trauma, and PTSD. The foundation of my work recognizes that the mind, body and spirit are equally important in healing the person. Because there is a constant interaction between these 3 entities, each has a significant influence on the other. When all 3 entities are addressed, optimal and sustaining changes can be achieved. I enjoy working with all issues when using this approach to help you achieve your goals.
(775) 589-2712 View (775) 589-2712
Photo of Amanda Stewart-Mckenzie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Amanda Stewart-Mckenzie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
South Central, Reno, NV 89511
Do you find yourself feeling alone, unheard or misunderstood in your relationships? Have you attempted to seek help but feel discouraged? Are you and your partner often caught in interactions that feel repetitive and leave you both frustrated and disconnected? As a parent are you struggling to reach your child in the same way you used to? If so, the evidenced based model of Emotionally Focused Therapy may be a solution. Most couples and families are surprised at the positive results they experience in working with a therapist certified in EFT.
Do you find yourself feeling alone, unheard or misunderstood in your relationships? Have you attempted to seek help but feel discouraged? Are you and your partner often caught in interactions that feel repetitive and leave you both frustrated and disconnected? As a parent are you struggling to reach your child in the same way you used to? If so, the evidenced based model of Emotionally Focused Therapy may be a solution. Most couples and families are surprised at the positive results they experience in working with a therapist certified in EFT.
(775) 320-9514 View (775) 320-9514
Photo of Dr. Dustin Marsh, Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Dr. Dustin Marsh
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
1 Endorsed
South Central, Reno, NV 89519
I practice psychology as a profession, and focus much of my hobbies around self-improvement. I made a vow to myself early in my career that I would create the life that made therapy most effective for others, and would maintain accountability for changes to be made in my life to be of service to others. When it comes to addressing psychological suffering we must consider the paradox of wanting to start, knowing where to put our attention, and ultimately, to begin the journey of change. Transformational psychotherapy is the discovery and exploration of mental clarity, connection, autonomy, and authenticity.
I practice psychology as a profession, and focus much of my hobbies around self-improvement. I made a vow to myself early in my career that I would create the life that made therapy most effective for others, and would maintain accountability for changes to be made in my life to be of service to others. When it comes to addressing psychological suffering we must consider the paradox of wanting to start, knowing where to put our attention, and ultimately, to begin the journey of change. Transformational psychotherapy is the discovery and exploration of mental clarity, connection, autonomy, and authenticity.
(775) 452-4048 View (775) 452-4048
Photo of Ami Marsh, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCADC
Ami Marsh
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCADC
1 Endorsed
South Central, Reno, NV 89502
Not accepting new clients
The desire to know why we feel the way we do is instinctive. We want to know how to exist and survive in a world that has broken our connection to others and most importantly ourselves. We want answers. We want to be better. Many of us are in search of a quick fix to cure our heavy hearts. We need direction. We need hope. We need clarity.
The desire to know why we feel the way we do is instinctive. We want to know how to exist and survive in a world that has broken our connection to others and most importantly ourselves. We want answers. We want to be better. Many of us are in search of a quick fix to cure our heavy hearts. We need direction. We need hope. We need clarity.
(775) 204-1762 View (775) 204-1762
Photo of Erin Chapel, Counselor, NCC, CPC, LCADC-S, CPGC-S, CFRC
Erin Chapel
Counselor, NCC, CPC, LCADC-S, CPGC-S, CFRC
1 Endorsed
South Central, Reno, NV 89509
As a military spouse and mother of five, I'm very aware of the sacrifices military members, veterans and their families make. Many of these same experiences are shared by first responders and other individuals who experience cumulative and ongoing trauma as a result of their line of work. I specialize in providing services to military and first responders. I find myself working best in the space between brutal honesty and authentic compassion. I am passionate about what I do and believe that my passion and experience are what allow me to effectively help, helpers.
As a military spouse and mother of five, I'm very aware of the sacrifices military members, veterans and their families make. Many of these same experiences are shared by first responders and other individuals who experience cumulative and ongoing trauma as a result of their line of work. I specialize in providing services to military and first responders. I find myself working best in the space between brutal honesty and authentic compassion. I am passionate about what I do and believe that my passion and experience are what allow me to effectively help, helpers.
(775) 455-4821 View (775) 455-4821
Photo of Victoria A Campbell - Latitude Psychotherapy LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Latitude Psychotherapy LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Reno, I work with men, women, teens, young adults, couples, and families who are seeking to improve the quality of their relationships and their lives. Whether you are working to ease the symptoms of depression or anxiety, healing from grief and loss, resolving trauma, or seeking to deepen a relationship with yourself and others, I can help you move forward in an accepting and engaging environment.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Reno, I work with men, women, teens, young adults, couples, and families who are seeking to improve the quality of their relationships and their lives. Whether you are working to ease the symptoms of depression or anxiety, healing from grief and loss, resolving trauma, or seeking to deepen a relationship with yourself and others, I can help you move forward in an accepting and engaging environment.
(775) 257-9919 View (775) 257-9919
Photo of Brittney Santillo, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Brittney Santillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Brittney Santillo was born and raised in Las Vegas. She is an LMFT, LCADC, and EMDR-trained therapist. She has had the privilege of being exposed to diverse populations along with alternative lifestyles. She is a major advocate for self-love, self-acceptance, and emotional wellbeing. Because of this, she uses a strength-based and client-driven approach in therapy. Client-centered Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) Motivational Interviewing Solution-Focused Therapy
Brittney Santillo was born and raised in Las Vegas. She is an LMFT, LCADC, and EMDR-trained therapist. She has had the privilege of being exposed to diverse populations along with alternative lifestyles. She is a major advocate for self-love, self-acceptance, and emotional wellbeing. Because of this, she uses a strength-based and client-driven approach in therapy. Client-centered Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) Motivational Interviewing Solution-Focused Therapy
(775) 593-9724 View (775) 593-9724
Photo of Rachel Martinez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Rachel Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
South Central, Reno, NV 89511
My work is fast-paced, to the point, and focused on the issues that cause my clients the most distress. I work with kids, teens, and adults and I use only evidence-based theoretical models that are proven to work through research, such as CBT and DBT. Others describe me as easy to get along with and open up to and I'm hopeful I can meet your expectation when we have the opportunity to connect and work through whatever challenge​ has come your way.
My work is fast-paced, to the point, and focused on the issues that cause my clients the most distress. I work with kids, teens, and adults and I use only evidence-based theoretical models that are proven to work through research, such as CBT and DBT. Others describe me as easy to get along with and open up to and I'm hopeful I can meet your expectation when we have the opportunity to connect and work through whatever challenge​ has come your way.
(775) 431-2314 View (775) 431-2314
Photo of Jeff Andersen, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jeff Andersen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
South Central, Reno, NV 89509
I believe that within each of us lies strengths that can allow us to move towards positive change: To become happier, heal from emotional pain, improved self-esteem, greater independence, feeling more empowered, improved relationships with ourselves and others, and many other possibilities. I utilize both Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help people to improve their lives. I have been providing counseling for over 15 years for individual adults and couples on a variety of issues including separation/divorce, communication, parenting, depression, anxiety, life transitions and men's issues.
I believe that within each of us lies strengths that can allow us to move towards positive change: To become happier, heal from emotional pain, improved self-esteem, greater independence, feeling more empowered, improved relationships with ourselves and others, and many other possibilities. I utilize both Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help people to improve their lives. I have been providing counseling for over 15 years for individual adults and couples on a variety of issues including separation/divorce, communication, parenting, depression, anxiety, life transitions and men's issues.
(530) 334-5723 View (530) 334-5723
Photo of Diane Schroder, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LSC, RPT
Diane Schroder
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LSC, RPT
South Central, Reno, NV 89511
I have always loved working with and advocating for others. In my work as a therapist, I strive to teach and guide children, teens, and adults suffering and living a life that is below their potential. My ultimate goal is helping you become the person you were meant to be and to discover satisfaction and wellbeing in your life.
I have always loved working with and advocating for others. In my work as a therapist, I strive to teach and guide children, teens, and adults suffering and living a life that is below their potential. My ultimate goal is helping you become the person you were meant to be and to discover satisfaction and wellbeing in your life.
(775) 312-5590 View (775) 312-5590
Photo of Jessica Konkol, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Jessica Konkol
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
My name is Jessica Konkol M.A CPC and I am passionate about helping my clients learn and grow and supporting them in their life journey. My focus is to create a safe space were clients feel comfortable to share their thoughts and feelings. I will provide empathy and support along with helpful suggestions for the client to consider for themselves.
My name is Jessica Konkol M.A CPC and I am passionate about helping my clients learn and grow and supporting them in their life journey. My focus is to create a safe space were clients feel comfortable to share their thoughts and feelings. I will provide empathy and support along with helpful suggestions for the client to consider for themselves.
(775) 522-7958 View (775) 522-7958
Photo of Edward Fenn, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCSW
Edward Fenn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome! My name is Edward Fenn, and I am a Psychotherapist (LCSW 7358-C) dedicated to unlocking your potential through personalized therapy for individuals from all walks of life. Together, we’ll utilize behavioral therapy and mindfulness to foster resilience and lasting change in a supportive environment. If you’re ready to invest in your mental well-being, let’s embark on this transformative journey together.
Welcome! My name is Edward Fenn, and I am a Psychotherapist (LCSW 7358-C) dedicated to unlocking your potential through personalized therapy for individuals from all walks of life. Together, we’ll utilize behavioral therapy and mindfulness to foster resilience and lasting change in a supportive environment. If you’re ready to invest in your mental well-being, let’s embark on this transformative journey together.
(775) 269-7170 View (775) 269-7170
Photo of Clint Banks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Clint Banks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am Clint Banks, LCSW and at heart I am a behaviorist. I believe that people are motivated by want and desire. I help my clients understand the value of their unconscious desires. In addition I feel that each client deserves unconditional positive regard and compassion.
I am Clint Banks, LCSW and at heart I am a behaviorist. I believe that people are motivated by want and desire. I help my clients understand the value of their unconscious desires. In addition I feel that each client deserves unconditional positive regard and compassion.
(725) 237-7330 View (725) 237-7330
Photo of Ron Toft, Pre-Licensed Professional, CPC-I, NCC
Ron Toft
Pre-Licensed Professional, CPC-I, NCC
South Central, Reno, NV 89509
Not accepting new clients
I work with adolescents, adults, individuals and couples addressing mental health, trauma, relationship, and substance abuse issues. I have experience working with people from many different religions, cultural backgrounds, and sexual and gender orientations. My job is to create a peaceful and trusting alliance with my clients to allow them to explore their own strength and abilities. You'll probably find yourself looking forward to coming to therapy if no other reason than enjoying an hour of calm and meaningful introspection. But be prepared to leave the room with a lot to chew on for the week!
I work with adolescents, adults, individuals and couples addressing mental health, trauma, relationship, and substance abuse issues. I have experience working with people from many different religions, cultural backgrounds, and sexual and gender orientations. My job is to create a peaceful and trusting alliance with my clients to allow them to explore their own strength and abilities. You'll probably find yourself looking forward to coming to therapy if no other reason than enjoying an hour of calm and meaningful introspection. But be prepared to leave the room with a lot to chew on for the week!
(775) 370-8278 View (775) 370-8278
Photo of Cheryl Carrasco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Cheryl Carrasco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi, I'm Liz! I specialize in helping people heal from difficult things and move forward from their past experiences. Fluent in Spanish and bi-cultural, I bring a deep understanding of multicultural issues into my practice. I use a strengths-based and humanistic approach, incorporating EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Cognitive Processing Therapy to address Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD. I also work from a feminist perspective, believing in the power of open, meaningful conversations to foster healing and personal growth.
Hi, I'm Liz! I specialize in helping people heal from difficult things and move forward from their past experiences. Fluent in Spanish and bi-cultural, I bring a deep understanding of multicultural issues into my practice. I use a strengths-based and humanistic approach, incorporating EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Cognitive Processing Therapy to address Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD. I also work from a feminist perspective, believing in the power of open, meaningful conversations to foster healing and personal growth.
(775) 256-5449 View (775) 256-5449
Photo of Adriana Santana, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Adriana Santana
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Clients who feel the need for a Crystal Clear understanding on what you really want in your life. Better understanding of Health, Aging, Lifestyle, and Self-Care Stress. Management and Balance Healthier Relationships and Intimacy. Direction with Family and Parenting. Spiritual and Personal Growth. I am here to walk on this journey with you and help you uncover what's holding you back from achieving your vision for yourself.
Clients who feel the need for a Crystal Clear understanding on what you really want in your life. Better understanding of Health, Aging, Lifestyle, and Self-Care Stress. Management and Balance Healthier Relationships and Intimacy. Direction with Family and Parenting. Spiritual and Personal Growth. I am here to walk on this journey with you and help you uncover what's holding you back from achieving your vision for yourself.
(775) 364-2271 View (775) 364-2271
Photo of JoAnn M Baird - JoAnn M. Baird, MFT, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, MFT
JoAnn M. Baird, MFT, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, MFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
JoAnn specializes in individual, couples and family therapy, and maintains a private practice online through iTherapy.com. With experience in education and special education, JoAnn has also been an elementary school guidance counselor and is now a marriage and family therapist. A graduate of the University of New England, specializing in Marriage and Family Therapy, she is currently a private practitioner working with a broad spectrum of clients. Among her areas of expertise are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for chronic trauma and Emotionally Focues Therapy (EFT) for couples therapy.
JoAnn specializes in individual, couples and family therapy, and maintains a private practice online through iTherapy.com. With experience in education and special education, JoAnn has also been an elementary school guidance counselor and is now a marriage and family therapist. A graduate of the University of New England, specializing in Marriage and Family Therapy, she is currently a private practitioner working with a broad spectrum of clients. Among her areas of expertise are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for chronic trauma and Emotionally Focues Therapy (EFT) for couples therapy.
(775) 629-4701 View (775) 629-4701
Photo of Kasey Bogoje - The Mindful Lemon Marriage and Family Therapy INC, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
The Mindful Lemon Marriage and Family Therapy INC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office-based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, and what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness, and fitness, or any combination of the above.
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office-based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, and what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness, and fitness, or any combination of the above.
(775) 535-8682 View (775) 535-8682
Photo of Nichole Maxwell, Counselor, LPCC
Nichole Maxwell
Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
My name is Nichole Maxwell, I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to provide an array of supports to clients with concerns with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, marital issues, family conflict, as well as many stresses from day-to-day life. I am passionate about working with individuals, families, pre-teens, and teens. My approach focuses on helping clients build effective skills to manage and overcome challenges such as anxiety, depression, and trauma. Whether navigating everyday struggles or more complex issues, I strive to support each person in finding resilience and growth.
My name is Nichole Maxwell, I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to provide an array of supports to clients with concerns with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, marital issues, family conflict, as well as many stresses from day-to-day life. I am passionate about working with individuals, families, pre-teens, and teens. My approach focuses on helping clients build effective skills to manage and overcome challenges such as anxiety, depression, and trauma. Whether navigating everyday struggles or more complex issues, I strive to support each person in finding resilience and growth.
(775) 269-5344 View (775) 269-5344
Photo of Heather Liane Flowers - Neurotherapy Clinic, Pre-Licensed Professional, DBA, BA, ISNR
Neurotherapy Clinic
Pre-Licensed Professional, DBA, BA, ISNR
South Central, Reno, NV 89509
Neurotherapy/Neurofeedback is a form of treatment that allows one to modify their brainwave activity to improve attention, reduce impulsivity, and control hyperactive behaviors. It utilizes an EEG to provide a person information about their brainwave activity and produce desirable changes. Extensive empirical research (AMA & JAMA) support Neurotherapy for the treatment of ADHD and seizures. Scientific studies also support Neurotherapy in the treatment of anxiety, depression, chronic pain, TBI, addiction, insomnia, psychosis, and bipolar disorder, as well as other Psychiatric and Neurological issues to achieve neuroplasticity.
Neurotherapy/Neurofeedback is a form of treatment that allows one to modify their brainwave activity to improve attention, reduce impulsivity, and control hyperactive behaviors. It utilizes an EEG to provide a person information about their brainwave activity and produce desirable changes. Extensive empirical research (AMA & JAMA) support Neurotherapy for the treatment of ADHD and seizures. Scientific studies also support Neurotherapy in the treatment of anxiety, depression, chronic pain, TBI, addiction, insomnia, psychosis, and bipolar disorder, as well as other Psychiatric and Neurological issues to achieve neuroplasticity.
(775) 362-9516 View (775) 362-9516

See more therapy options for South Central, Reno

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Central, Reno, NV

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in South Central, Reno, NV who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
71% Self Esteem
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
73% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% Hometown Health

How Therapists in South Central, Reno, NV see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Central, Reno?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.