Therapists in Reno, NV

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Photo of Jill Marlene Pellicciarini, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, Psyc, MFT
Jill Marlene Pellicciarini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, Psyc, MFT
Reno, NV 89509
I work with individuals, couples and families who are seeking healing and a deeper understanding of the factors that influence their lives. I have worked with people recovering from abuse, trauma and grief, families with members on the Autism spectrum, couples trying to rediscover one another, families who are trying to start living in healthier ways and many others with a variety of issues. Each person is unique and part of a larger system that has helped them become who they are. I provide tools to help understand those systems, and develop behaviors that lead to greater self efficacy and a richer life experience.
I work with individuals, couples and families who are seeking healing and a deeper understanding of the factors that influence their lives. I have worked with people recovering from abuse, trauma and grief, families with members on the Autism spectrum, couples trying to rediscover one another, families who are trying to start living in healthier ways and many others with a variety of issues. Each person is unique and part of a larger system that has helped them become who they are. I provide tools to help understand those systems, and develop behaviors that lead to greater self efficacy and a richer life experience.
(775) 835-4224 View (775) 835-4224
Photo of Dr. Keasha Walton-Ellis, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Dr. Keasha Walton-Ellis
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Online Only
Are you feeling hopeless? Stuck? Fearful? Uncomfortable in your skin or in your relationships? Therapy can provide a space to begin untangling life’s messy knots. We all know that pain in life is unavoidable. There is no "magic wand" that works for everyone, so my goal is to work with you to find what works for you specifically. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental environment where you feel truly heard. I understand that starting therapy can feel overwhelming. You might be unsure of where to begin or feeling anxious about the process — I’ve been there myself. I’m here to help guide you, at your pace.
Are you feeling hopeless? Stuck? Fearful? Uncomfortable in your skin or in your relationships? Therapy can provide a space to begin untangling life’s messy knots. We all know that pain in life is unavoidable. There is no "magic wand" that works for everyone, so my goal is to work with you to find what works for you specifically. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental environment where you feel truly heard. I understand that starting therapy can feel overwhelming. You might be unsure of where to begin or feeling anxious about the process — I’ve been there myself. I’m here to help guide you, at your pace.
(775) 628-7980 View (775) 628-7980
Photo of Tristan Sophia - Dr. Tristan Sophia, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Tristan Sophia
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I provide therapy for adults in Nevada and Montana and am certified with PsyPact (APIT number 18382). My specialties are recovery from narcissistic abuse and emotional abuse/neglect (as child and/or adult), CPTSD, low self-esteem, and depression. I work with clients who’ve been on the path of personal growth and want to continue their healing on a deeper level. My clients are motivated to grow. Together, we’ll transform your thinking, emotions, behavior, and nervous system responses that keep you from moving forward in your life as you want, so your mood and relationships improve, and you create the life you desire and deserve.
I provide therapy for adults in Nevada and Montana and am certified with PsyPact (APIT number 18382). My specialties are recovery from narcissistic abuse and emotional abuse/neglect (as child and/or adult), CPTSD, low self-esteem, and depression. I work with clients who’ve been on the path of personal growth and want to continue their healing on a deeper level. My clients are motivated to grow. Together, we’ll transform your thinking, emotions, behavior, and nervous system responses that keep you from moving forward in your life as you want, so your mood and relationships improve, and you create the life you desire and deserve.
(775) 438-0219 View (775) 438-0219
Photo of Christina Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Christina Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Reno, NV 89511
Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, a broken heart, a divorce, past trauma, a death, there is hope. Is something from your past affecting your present and destroying your hope for the future? Feeling better is about trying something different and I am here for you. Healthy relationships are essential to a happy, fulfilling life. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who can help you heal so you can move forward, reach your goals and experience the life you want. If you are a Christian and want Biblical based counseling, that is graciously available upon request only.
Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, a broken heart, a divorce, past trauma, a death, there is hope. Is something from your past affecting your present and destroying your hope for the future? Feeling better is about trying something different and I am here for you. Healthy relationships are essential to a happy, fulfilling life. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who can help you heal so you can move forward, reach your goals and experience the life you want. If you are a Christian and want Biblical based counseling, that is graciously available upon request only.
(775) 242-5753 View (775) 242-5753
Photo of Tj Jay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tj Jay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience, here to support you through life’s many transitions. Whether you're adjusting to managing health or life changes or seeking renewed purpose and connection, I provide a compassionate, respectful space to explore your journey. Over the years, I’ve been honored to walk alongside individuals from all walks of life, offering guidance, understanding, and encouragement. It’s never too late to discover new meaning and fulfillment.
I’m a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience, here to support you through life’s many transitions. Whether you're adjusting to managing health or life changes or seeking renewed purpose and connection, I provide a compassionate, respectful space to explore your journey. Over the years, I’ve been honored to walk alongside individuals from all walks of life, offering guidance, understanding, and encouragement. It’s never too late to discover new meaning and fulfillment.
(725) 567-9833 View (725) 567-9833
Photo of Ashley Smith Taggart, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Ashley Smith Taggart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Online Only
You're successful in many areas of your life, but your relationship feels like it's falling apart. Despite how capable and effective you seem to be in other parts of life, the usual problem-solving approaches aren't working for the emotional struggles you and your partner are facing. You're longing to feel closer again, but communication has become difficult, intimacy feels distant, and you're both wondering how you got here and if it's even possible to find your way back to one another.
You're successful in many areas of your life, but your relationship feels like it's falling apart. Despite how capable and effective you seem to be in other parts of life, the usual problem-solving approaches aren't working for the emotional struggles you and your partner are facing. You're longing to feel closer again, but communication has become difficult, intimacy feels distant, and you're both wondering how you got here and if it's even possible to find your way back to one another.
(775) 367-6908 View (775) 367-6908
Photo of Lisa Marie Caswell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lisa Marie Caswell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My goal is to help you gain clarity about your current situation, guide you in managing your emotions, and empower you to confront your fears. Together, we can work on breaking down the barriers that may be holding you back from achieving your goals. By shifting your mindset today, you can significantly influence your future and move towards a place of freedom and fulfillment. I believe that through collaboration, we can develop a tailored plan that not only inspires change but also leads to tangible results. You are not alone in this journey, and together, we can navigate the path to a brighter tomorrow.
My goal is to help you gain clarity about your current situation, guide you in managing your emotions, and empower you to confront your fears. Together, we can work on breaking down the barriers that may be holding you back from achieving your goals. By shifting your mindset today, you can significantly influence your future and move towards a place of freedom and fulfillment. I believe that through collaboration, we can develop a tailored plan that not only inspires change but also leads to tangible results. You are not alone in this journey, and together, we can navigate the path to a brighter tomorrow.
(775) 485-5007 View (775) 485-5007
Photo of Pamela Avanzino, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Pamela Avanzino
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
We're meant to live meaningful lives. Whether you're new to therapy or not, I encourage you to take steps towards a more fulfilling life. I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and life changes. I look forward to speaking with you.
We're meant to live meaningful lives. Whether you're new to therapy or not, I encourage you to take steps towards a more fulfilling life. I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and life changes. I look forward to speaking with you.
(702) 745-3077 View (702) 745-3077
Photo of Jacquelyn Elaine Zimmerman, Licensed Professional Counselor, CPC, LADC
Jacquelyn Elaine Zimmerman
Licensed Professional Counselor, CPC, LADC
Reno, NV 89521
I have a demonstrated record of success working with diverse adult populations presenting with multiple problems from the mildest to the most severe. I believe therapy is a relationship in which the client brings their resiliences and experiences because they are the only person who knows themselves. As the therapist, I am knowledgeable about mental health treatment. I believe that power in therapy comes from a therapeutic space and relationship where the client feels safe, trusted, unconditional positive regard, and acceptance by the therapist.
I have a demonstrated record of success working with diverse adult populations presenting with multiple problems from the mildest to the most severe. I believe therapy is a relationship in which the client brings their resiliences and experiences because they are the only person who knows themselves. As the therapist, I am knowledgeable about mental health treatment. I believe that power in therapy comes from a therapeutic space and relationship where the client feels safe, trusted, unconditional positive regard, and acceptance by the therapist.
(775) 256-9176 View (775) 256-9176
Photo of Felisia Forest, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Felisia Forest
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89502
Therapy can be very unknown and my personal goal in therapy is to provide a warm and validating experience. I have a strong passion for helping people heal from experiences that may or may not have been caused by themselves. I strategize with my clients to develop ways to increase effectiveness, whether that be in their personal, work and/or social life. Life is hard and most people are already doing the best they can with the skills they have. In therapy, we work towards filling your skill box for various life experiences, big or small.
Therapy can be very unknown and my personal goal in therapy is to provide a warm and validating experience. I have a strong passion for helping people heal from experiences that may or may not have been caused by themselves. I strategize with my clients to develop ways to increase effectiveness, whether that be in their personal, work and/or social life. Life is hard and most people are already doing the best they can with the skills they have. In therapy, we work towards filling your skill box for various life experiences, big or small.
(775) 363-9583 View (775) 363-9583
Photo of Michelle Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Michelle Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89509
I am a dedicated Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing comprehensive care to diverse populations. With a focus on the LGBTQIA+ community, survivors of domestic violence, and individuals navigating postpartum challenges, I take a client-centered approach that prioritizes empowerment and collaboration. Grounded in solution-focused and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) rooted techniques, I guide my clients toward meaningful change and growth.
I am a dedicated Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing comprehensive care to diverse populations. With a focus on the LGBTQIA+ community, survivors of domestic violence, and individuals navigating postpartum challenges, I take a client-centered approach that prioritizes empowerment and collaboration. Grounded in solution-focused and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) rooted techniques, I guide my clients toward meaningful change and growth.
(775) 402-1284 View (775) 402-1284
Photo of Deken Edward Gossett - Crossed Keys Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, , MFT
Crossed Keys Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, , MFT
Reno, NV 89501
Individuals, couples, and families dealing with difficult emotions, troubling behaivor, mental health disorders and trauma. People want the capacity to think and reflect, to not respond automatically to emotional pressures, internal or external. Today is your day, no matter what your life story or situation is, we believe you are one step closer to a new you with a greater level of functioning and increased well-being.
Individuals, couples, and families dealing with difficult emotions, troubling behaivor, mental health disorders and trauma. People want the capacity to think and reflect, to not respond automatically to emotional pressures, internal or external. Today is your day, no matter what your life story or situation is, we believe you are one step closer to a new you with a greater level of functioning and increased well-being.
(775) 204-5313 View (775) 204-5313
Photo of Kay Reimers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kay Reimers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Reno, NV 89503
Welcome to Actualized Potential PLLC, Kay Reimers. Ketamine and Psychedelic assisted Therapist. I am so pleased you decided to take the first steps on your personal healing journey. I am confident together we will transform your experience of self and life. I am here for you. I personalize your therapy experience by utilizing evidence-based therapy techniques and approaches. Medicine preparation and integration we create a safe environment where we discover the relationship between your thoughts and behaviors. You will begin to recognize the patterns that block your fullest potential.
Welcome to Actualized Potential PLLC, Kay Reimers. Ketamine and Psychedelic assisted Therapist. I am so pleased you decided to take the first steps on your personal healing journey. I am confident together we will transform your experience of self and life. I am here for you. I personalize your therapy experience by utilizing evidence-based therapy techniques and approaches. Medicine preparation and integration we create a safe environment where we discover the relationship between your thoughts and behaviors. You will begin to recognize the patterns that block your fullest potential.
(775) 577-3909 View (775) 577-3909
Photo of Jodie Hlavachek, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, CPGC, CHT
Jodie Hlavachek
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, CPGC, CHT
Reno, NV 89509
I use a client-centered, holistic approach to help individuals heal from addictive disorders (both substances and problem gambling). Recovery involves identifying and treating the root causes of the issue, reconnecting with your authentic self and core values, and reclaiming self-worth, meaning, and values. A safe space is provided for you to become empowered to create positive change and maintain a recovery-oriented, healthy lifestyle. Evidence-informed methods are used to help uncover and change limiting patterns and develop healthy coping skills, including psychodynamic, mindfulness, polyvagal theory, and parts work approaches.
I use a client-centered, holistic approach to help individuals heal from addictive disorders (both substances and problem gambling). Recovery involves identifying and treating the root causes of the issue, reconnecting with your authentic self and core values, and reclaiming self-worth, meaning, and values. A safe space is provided for you to become empowered to create positive change and maintain a recovery-oriented, healthy lifestyle. Evidence-informed methods are used to help uncover and change limiting patterns and develop healthy coping skills, including psychodynamic, mindfulness, polyvagal theory, and parts work approaches.
(775) 367-9644 View (775) 367-9644
Photo of Crystal M. Nejabat, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Crystal M. Nejabat
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is an empowering tool for overcoming today's challenges & I am passionate about helping people heal in a safe and accepting environment. I firmly believe that therapy is not one-size-fits-all. Each individual's experience, background, and goals are unique and it is my responsibility to respect individuality in the therapeutic process. With over a decade of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults, I have dedicated my career to empowering others. I am continuously inspired by the resilience and strength of those I work with, and it is an honor to witness their transformation into leading a fulfilled life.
Therapy is an empowering tool for overcoming today's challenges & I am passionate about helping people heal in a safe and accepting environment. I firmly believe that therapy is not one-size-fits-all. Each individual's experience, background, and goals are unique and it is my responsibility to respect individuality in the therapeutic process. With over a decade of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults, I have dedicated my career to empowering others. I am continuously inspired by the resilience and strength of those I work with, and it is an honor to witness their transformation into leading a fulfilled life.
(775) 924-0035 View (775) 924-0035
Photo of Georgina Fontein, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Georgina Fontein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
My name is Georgina Fontein, but feel free to call me Gina. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California and Nevada. This means that I have trained to help people with mental health and relationship issues in both states. I have been practicing therapy since 2012. Those interested in finding a Therapist should inquire about the methods that the Therapist will be using. Some methods have been documented extensively because of their positive treatment results. I love research and use evidence-based approaches whenever possible.
My name is Georgina Fontein, but feel free to call me Gina. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California and Nevada. This means that I have trained to help people with mental health and relationship issues in both states. I have been practicing therapy since 2012. Those interested in finding a Therapist should inquire about the methods that the Therapist will be using. Some methods have been documented extensively because of their positive treatment results. I love research and use evidence-based approaches whenever possible.
(775) 258-9785 View (775) 258-9785
Photo of Chase Kohlman, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, CSW-I
Chase Kohlman
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, CSW-I
Reno, NV 89502
I've worked with clients navigating anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, life transitions and more. You may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of your next steps. This can be a space where you can better understand yourself and move forward with intention. I recognize that goals may evolve throughout the therapeutic process, and I honor that growth while also making sure the concerns most important to you are addressed. I take a collaborative approach to therapy that is both supportive and structured, while offering flexibility to accommodate the realities of life's stressors.
I've worked with clients navigating anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, life transitions and more. You may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of your next steps. This can be a space where you can better understand yourself and move forward with intention. I recognize that goals may evolve throughout the therapeutic process, and I honor that growth while also making sure the concerns most important to you are addressed. I take a collaborative approach to therapy that is both supportive and structured, while offering flexibility to accommodate the realities of life's stressors.
(775) 277-2766 View (775) 277-2766
Photo of Shannon Montez, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, CSW-I
Shannon Montez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, CSW-I
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89511
My ideal client is someone struggling to accept and understand the way their life has changed, whether that is through divorce, the birth of a child, loss of faith, kids growing up, or the effects of depression, anxiety, or disability. I hope to help clients see how different ways of thinking can be helpful, and that endings are the best place for new beginnings, that grief is part of life, but not the only part.
My ideal client is someone struggling to accept and understand the way their life has changed, whether that is through divorce, the birth of a child, loss of faith, kids growing up, or the effects of depression, anxiety, or disability. I hope to help clients see how different ways of thinking can be helpful, and that endings are the best place for new beginnings, that grief is part of life, but not the only part.
(775) 364-5320 View (775) 364-5320
Photo of Morgan Metzger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Morgan Metzger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89502
As a psychotherapist, I know that all humans have ups and downs and that life is not always easy. If you find yourself feeling anxious and stressed out often, not able to enjoy life’s little moments, needing support with a big change or you have a general feeling of being stuck, therapy with me could be right for you. I recognize how important talk-therapy can be as I have experienced these all too common situations myself. I believe when seeking out a therapist, being able to relate is a key factor in success. My dog, Duke, loves to join therapy sessions and is guaranteed to make you laugh.
As a psychotherapist, I know that all humans have ups and downs and that life is not always easy. If you find yourself feeling anxious and stressed out often, not able to enjoy life’s little moments, needing support with a big change or you have a general feeling of being stuck, therapy with me could be right for you. I recognize how important talk-therapy can be as I have experienced these all too common situations myself. I believe when seeking out a therapist, being able to relate is a key factor in success. My dog, Duke, loves to join therapy sessions and is guaranteed to make you laugh.
(775) 243-5546 View (775) 243-5546
Photo of Julius M Rogina, Psychologist, PhD, ABMPP, MDiv, STM
Julius M Rogina
Psychologist, PhD, ABMPP, MDiv, STM
Online Only
I am a Clinical Psychologist who has been in practice for over forty years, both inpatient and outpatient settings. I am working with adults and elderly. All treatments are based on my client's unique needs and interests and integration of data gathered during assessments. We anchor them together in evidence based modalities of treatment. I hold a Diplomate status with the Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. I am an accredited member of the International Association of Logotherapy and Existential Analysis (LTEA), University of Vienna, Austria.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who has been in practice for over forty years, both inpatient and outpatient settings. I am working with adults and elderly. All treatments are based on my client's unique needs and interests and integration of data gathered during assessments. We anchor them together in evidence based modalities of treatment. I hold a Diplomate status with the Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. I am an accredited member of the International Association of Logotherapy and Existential Analysis (LTEA), University of Vienna, Austria.
(775) 206-0911 View (775) 206-0911

See more therapy options for Reno

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Reno, NV

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Reno, NV who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
85% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
67% Stress
60% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Anthem

How Therapists in Reno, NV see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Reno?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.