Narcissistic Personality (NPD) Therapists in North Carolina

Photo of Tracy Brenton, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, LCMHC
Tracy Brenton
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, LCMHC
Online Only
Narcissistic supply.
I primary blend Attachment-Focused EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing), Internal Family Systems, Polyvagal Therapy, Dialectic Behavior Therapy, Psychoeducation & Coaching with my clients. Everyone needs something different. My goal is to help you process your trauma and on your way to post-traumatic growth quickly.
Narcissistic supply.
I primary blend Attachment-Focused EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing), Internal Family Systems, Polyvagal Therapy, Dialectic Behavior Therapy, Psychoeducation & Coaching with my clients. Everyone needs something different. My goal is to help you process your trauma and on your way to post-traumatic growth quickly.
(910) 338-1550 View (910) 338-1550
Photo of Tavi Hawn, LCSW
Tavi Hawn
Verified Verified
Durham, NC 27707
Coaching clients work with me on topics related to narcissistic abuse recovery, surviving high conflict divorce, supporting their gender expansive child, adjusting to an open relationship or polyamory, working as a traveling artist/musician/production crew, or navigating a major life transition.
I have extensive knowledge related to the topics I coach on and am known for being warm, caring, and funny. One coaching client said that they felt like my hand was on their shoulder while talking through their challenges. Sometimes we just need additional support during a tough or confusing time.
Coaching clients work with me on topics related to narcissistic abuse recovery, surviving high conflict divorce, supporting their gender expansive child, adjusting to an open relationship or polyamory, working as a traveling artist/musician/production crew, or navigating a major life transition.
I have extensive knowledge related to the topics I coach on and am known for being warm, caring, and funny. One coaching client said that they felt like my hand was on their shoulder while talking through their challenges. Sometimes we just need additional support during a tough or confusing time.
(984) 367-5844 View (984) 367-5844
Photo of Tiffany Cook, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHCS, LCAS
Tiffany Cook
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHCS, LCAS
Online Only
I have specific experience in helping heal from narcissistic abuse, addictions, marital strife, infidelity as well as over 20 years in practice working with grief, depression, anxiety and learning healthy sexuality.
Having been counseling for over 20 years, I know that things can get out of control. We're told that we must pull ourselves up by our bootstraps and handle anything that comes our way, but we struggle to do it on our own. Many of us have been impacted by addictions, tragedy, narcissism, depression, anxiety, things under our control and things out of our control. We start to question ourselves and wonder what’s healthy even look like? I focus on helping people heal, bringing health back into their life, and then find their best path forward.
I have specific experience in helping heal from narcissistic abuse, addictions, marital strife, infidelity as well as over 20 years in practice working with grief, depression, anxiety and learning healthy sexuality.
Having been counseling for over 20 years, I know that things can get out of control. We're told that we must pull ourselves up by our bootstraps and handle anything that comes our way, but we struggle to do it on our own. Many of us have been impacted by addictions, tragedy, narcissism, depression, anxiety, things under our control and things out of our control. We start to question ourselves and wonder what’s healthy even look like? I focus on helping people heal, bringing health back into their life, and then find their best path forward.
(980) 351-2536 View (980) 351-2536
Photo of Dr. Nanci Stafford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, LCSW, LISW-CP, Ed D
Dr. Nanci Stafford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, LCSW, LISW-CP, Ed D
4 Endorsed
Mooresville, NC 28117
I specialize in working with those who've been traumatized by narcissistic-type relationships, also known as intimate partner violence (IPV).
Let's get you feeling better! TY for taking the time to consider me as your therapist and welcome to your safe space. I work with individuals who have experienced domestic partnerships where one exhibits emotionally abusive behaviors: i.e. manip, blame, gaslighting, plays the victim & persecutor, obligates, fear (real or imagined), and guilt etc; a unique situation that requires a professional's help. I invite you to peruse my website and ask me any questions you might have. I also work with those experiencing anxiety, depression, family problems, and adjusting to life circumstances. I also have a team of therapists who can help!
I specialize in working with those who've been traumatized by narcissistic-type relationships, also known as intimate partner violence (IPV).
Let's get you feeling better! TY for taking the time to consider me as your therapist and welcome to your safe space. I work with individuals who have experienced domestic partnerships where one exhibits emotionally abusive behaviors: i.e. manip, blame, gaslighting, plays the victim & persecutor, obligates, fear (real or imagined), and guilt etc; a unique situation that requires a professional's help. I invite you to peruse my website and ask me any questions you might have. I also work with those experiencing anxiety, depression, family problems, and adjusting to life circumstances. I also have a team of therapists who can help!
(704) 534-5997 View (704) 534-5997
Photo of Cathy Hayes Norton - Dr. Cathy Norton Mental Health &Addiction Recovery, LCMHCS, LCAS, CSOTP, CCTP, SAP
Dr. Cathy Norton Mental Health &Addiction Recovery
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
A specialty is victims of narcissistic abuse & trauma.
Feeling broken or overwhelmed? I understand. I've done much research on addiction, codependency & adult children from dysfunctional families. It is possible to overcome barriers to intimacy and learn why we repeat the same relationship mistakes over and over again in new relationships or why we choose unhealthy people. We can change and think differently. It takes effort and accountability, but there is help and hope. Learn from your past. Don't continue to be its victim and let the past determine your future. I work with mental health and all kinds of addictions (substances and behavioral). Let's talk. Live life!
A specialty is victims of narcissistic abuse & trauma.
Feeling broken or overwhelmed? I understand. I've done much research on addiction, codependency & adult children from dysfunctional families. It is possible to overcome barriers to intimacy and learn why we repeat the same relationship mistakes over and over again in new relationships or why we choose unhealthy people. We can change and think differently. It takes effort and accountability, but there is help and hope. Learn from your past. Don't continue to be its victim and let the past determine your future. I work with mental health and all kinds of addictions (substances and behavioral). Let's talk. Live life!
(910) 408-7991 View (910) 408-7991
Photo of Kari Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Kari Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Charlotte, NC 28209
Do you want to manage overwhelming feelings, make healthier decisions, and find a healthier, less anxious way of living? If so, you are ready to make the important steps on the path to healing. I can help you overcome destructive habits, heal hurt and pain, and develop rewarding relationships. My mission is to empower you to break free from unproductive narratives that keep you stuck, enabling you to fully embrace the present and progress in your life. Together, we will explore practical coping strategies and impactful techniques designed to enhance your relationships, alleviate anxiety, and foster a clear, kind self-understanding.
Do you want to manage overwhelming feelings, make healthier decisions, and find a healthier, less anxious way of living? If so, you are ready to make the important steps on the path to healing. I can help you overcome destructive habits, heal hurt and pain, and develop rewarding relationships. My mission is to empower you to break free from unproductive narratives that keep you stuck, enabling you to fully embrace the present and progress in your life. Together, we will explore practical coping strategies and impactful techniques designed to enhance your relationships, alleviate anxiety, and foster a clear, kind self-understanding.
(704) 557-0810 View (704) 557-0810
Photo of Payton Bencivenga, Counselor, LCMHCA
Payton Bencivenga
Counselor, LCMHCA
Charlotte, NC 28226
If you’re healing from dynamics shaped by narcissistic traits, people-pleasing, or chronic imbalance, you don’t just need a space to vent
My style blends empathy, curiosity, honesty, and a little humor, but I’m not here to just nod along. I’ll gently challenge the beliefs, habits, and survival strategies that have kept you stuck. Growth can feel uncomfortable, but it’s also where your clarity, confidence, and boundaries start to emerge.
If you’re healing from dynamics shaped by narcissistic traits, people-pleasing, or chronic imbalance, you don’t just need a space to vent
My style blends empathy, curiosity, honesty, and a little humor, but I’m not here to just nod along. I’ll gently challenge the beliefs, habits, and survival strategies that have kept you stuck. Growth can feel uncomfortable, but it’s also where your clarity, confidence, and boundaries start to emerge.
View
Photo of Kathryn Sain, Psychological Associate, MA
Kathryn Sain
Psychological Associate, MA
Charlotte, NC 28204
Based on a holistic approach that encourages a healthy lifestyle for overall physical and psychological well being, I help my clients access and harness their intrinsic power to achieve and maintain the meaningful and fulfilling lives they desire. Through talk therapy, I guide clients towards self-reflection and the internal curiosity required to facilitate healing , problem solving and resilience during difficult times.
Based on a holistic approach that encourages a healthy lifestyle for overall physical and psychological well being, I help my clients access and harness their intrinsic power to achieve and maintain the meaningful and fulfilling lives they desire. Through talk therapy, I guide clients towards self-reflection and the internal curiosity required to facilitate healing , problem solving and resilience during difficult times.
(980) 368-4439 View (980) 368-4439
Photo of Heather Leigh Alexander, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heather Leigh Alexander
Marriage & Family Therapist
4 Endorsed
Raleigh, NC 27615
Waitlist for new clients
I work with pediatrics, teens and parents, specializing in concerns including suicidal thoughts and self-harm, survivors of narcissistic abuse, anxiety and depression as well as borderline personality disorder.
At The Homestead, you are treated with love and compassion. Everyone enters with their own hurt or concerns, that deserve to be handled with the one-on-one attention you will receive. You will never reach a receptionist, just me. My goal is to meet each patient where they are and help them through what ever is on their heart and mind. We will stampede or tip-toe through those though times together. The idea of therapy can be overwhelming, for you or your children. The individualized treatment and care created for each patient puts your mind back in your control. Come as you are and have some hot chocolate. Shoes optional
I work with pediatrics, teens and parents, specializing in concerns including suicidal thoughts and self-harm, survivors of narcissistic abuse, anxiety and depression as well as borderline personality disorder.
At The Homestead, you are treated with love and compassion. Everyone enters with their own hurt or concerns, that deserve to be handled with the one-on-one attention you will receive. You will never reach a receptionist, just me. My goal is to meet each patient where they are and help them through what ever is on their heart and mind. We will stampede or tip-toe through those though times together. The idea of therapy can be overwhelming, for you or your children. The individualized treatment and care created for each patient puts your mind back in your control. Come as you are and have some hot chocolate. Shoes optional
(984) 833-0137 View (984) 833-0137
Photo of Jennifer Brigman - Nurtured Counseling and Consulting , Counselor, MS/EdS, BSN, LCMHC-S, NATC
Nurtured Counseling and Consulting
Counselor, MS/EdS, BSN, LCMHC-S, NATC
Raleigh, NC 27615
I am diversely trained and experienced, and ultimately specialize in relationship trauma, family estrangement, narcissistic and/or scapegoat abuse, domestic violence, and codependency/complex-post traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD).
I specialize in helping people overcome symptoms stemming from dysfunctional or abusive relationships, whether familial, romantic or at work. I support clients to overcome a lack of self-love, self-forgiveness and toxic shame. Together, we build confidence, emotional literacy, self-trust, personal resiliency, empowerment and identity.
I am diversely trained and experienced, and ultimately specialize in relationship trauma, family estrangement, narcissistic and/or scapegoat abuse, domestic violence, and codependency/complex-post traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD).
I specialize in helping people overcome symptoms stemming from dysfunctional or abusive relationships, whether familial, romantic or at work. I support clients to overcome a lack of self-love, self-forgiveness and toxic shame. Together, we build confidence, emotional literacy, self-trust, personal resiliency, empowerment and identity.
(984) 265-8522 View (984) 265-8522
Photo of Caitlin Kline Lindsey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Caitlin Kline Lindsey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Raleigh, NC 27609
I was a moody little menace as a teen - therapy was the only place I didn’t roll my eyes. It was the first time I felt truly understood, and it flipped a switch in me. Fast forward: now I’m the one creating that safe, validating space for others (minus the teen angst… usually). Whether you’re dealing with low self-esteem, relationship chaos, big feelings, or just trying to survive a life plot twist - I got you! I use a mix of CBT, DBT, ACT, and good old-fashioned human connection. Because let’s be honest, none of that therapy jargon matters if you don’t feel like your therapist gets you.
I was a moody little menace as a teen - therapy was the only place I didn’t roll my eyes. It was the first time I felt truly understood, and it flipped a switch in me. Fast forward: now I’m the one creating that safe, validating space for others (minus the teen angst… usually). Whether you’re dealing with low self-esteem, relationship chaos, big feelings, or just trying to survive a life plot twist - I got you! I use a mix of CBT, DBT, ACT, and good old-fashioned human connection. Because let’s be honest, none of that therapy jargon matters if you don’t feel like your therapist gets you.
(919) 364-6278 View (919) 364-6278
Photo of Sara Scott Ford, Counselor, MS, LCMHC, CRC, CSP
Sara Scott Ford
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, CRC, CSP
2 Endorsed
Wilmington, NC 28403
Are you experiencing narcissistic abuse?
I specialize in working with individuals (civilian & military) who have experienced narcissistic abuse, life-changing events, PTSD, or trauma. Using evidence-based treatments, EMDR therapy & CBT, I will help you develop the coping mechanisms and skills needed in order for you to be able to solve your problems independently and for you to feel whole again.
Are you experiencing narcissistic abuse?
I specialize in working with individuals (civilian & military) who have experienced narcissistic abuse, life-changing events, PTSD, or trauma. Using evidence-based treatments, EMDR therapy & CBT, I will help you develop the coping mechanisms and skills needed in order for you to be able to solve your problems independently and for you to feel whole again.
(910) 601-2206 View (910) 601-2206
Photo of Tequila Sanford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS, CSI
Tequila Sanford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS, CSI
1 Endorsed
Gastonia, NC 28056
I believe in exploration and facilitating an understanding of the connection between mind, body and soul to achieve deep healing with my clients. I will incorporate humor, as appropriate, which has yielded great results, as it allows my clients to feel more relaxed. Serious challenges don’t have to be addressed in a stringent, cold manner. I am accepting new clients for telehealth sessions and am available for early morning, mid-day evenings and weekend appointments. Please reach out to Oasis Therapeutic Services PLLC to schedule. You may call 704-689-1577 or go to our website and complete the "contact us" form to get started.
I believe in exploration and facilitating an understanding of the connection between mind, body and soul to achieve deep healing with my clients. I will incorporate humor, as appropriate, which has yielded great results, as it allows my clients to feel more relaxed. Serious challenges don’t have to be addressed in a stringent, cold manner. I am accepting new clients for telehealth sessions and am available for early morning, mid-day evenings and weekend appointments. Please reach out to Oasis Therapeutic Services PLLC to schedule. You may call 704-689-1577 or go to our website and complete the "contact us" form to get started.
(704) 689-1577 View (704) 689-1577
Photo of Jennifer Parrella - Jennifer Parrella - Decoding Relationships, LLC, Counselor, MS, LPC, LCMHC, NCC, CCTP
Jennifer Parrella - Decoding Relationships, LLC
Counselor, MS, LPC, LCMHC, NCC, CCTP
Online Only
I believe individuals, couples, & families can adjust their communication and patterns to improve their lives and relationships. My approach is compassionate yet honest & straightforward. I teach healthy patterns to replace negative ones. I take a pro-relationship, trauma informed, approach to all relationships, helping people and their loved ones make changes in order to feel closer and happier together. Feel free to reach out via email or phone at any time w/ questions or to schedule an appt. I am accepting new clients and offer day & evening virtual hours M-F. Sessions & paperwork are facilitated via confidential web-portal.
I believe individuals, couples, & families can adjust their communication and patterns to improve their lives and relationships. My approach is compassionate yet honest & straightforward. I teach healthy patterns to replace negative ones. I take a pro-relationship, trauma informed, approach to all relationships, helping people and their loved ones make changes in order to feel closer and happier together. Feel free to reach out via email or phone at any time w/ questions or to schedule an appt. I am accepting new clients and offer day & evening virtual hours M-F. Sessions & paperwork are facilitated via confidential web-portal.
(703) 936-6326 View (703) 936-6326
Photo of Dr. Vanessa R. Abernathy, Psychologist, PsyD, MDiv
Dr. Vanessa R. Abernathy
Psychologist, PsyD, MDiv
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I work best with clients who are ready for honest, collaborative therapy—people who have tried on their own and now want support making meaningful change. Whether recovering from toxic relationships, rebuilding self-worth, or reconnecting with purpose, my clients value clear goals, ways to extend the work between sessions, personal growth, and deeper connection with others without self-loss. They seek a seasoned therapist who treats them with dignity and respect. Together, we focus on authentic living, reclaiming core values, and building a life that feels more loving, alive, and true.
I work best with clients who are ready for honest, collaborative therapy—people who have tried on their own and now want support making meaningful change. Whether recovering from toxic relationships, rebuilding self-worth, or reconnecting with purpose, my clients value clear goals, ways to extend the work between sessions, personal growth, and deeper connection with others without self-loss. They seek a seasoned therapist who treats them with dignity and respect. Together, we focus on authentic living, reclaiming core values, and building a life that feels more loving, alive, and true.
(336) 663-3140 View (336) 663-3140
Photo of Dr. Che Hurt, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Che Hurt
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Online Only
HEALING IS AN ACTION WORD. It can be overwhelming finding a therapist. Reaching out for help can be difficult in itself. You’ve already taken the biggest step! Its important that the provider you choose understand you as an individual, your needs, YOUR definition of the problem (not anyone else’s). Even if we are not the best fit for you, we can provide a safe, confidential space to examine your needs in order to find the best provider for you.
HEALING IS AN ACTION WORD. It can be overwhelming finding a therapist. Reaching out for help can be difficult in itself. You’ve already taken the biggest step! Its important that the provider you choose understand you as an individual, your needs, YOUR definition of the problem (not anyone else’s). Even if we are not the best fit for you, we can provide a safe, confidential space to examine your needs in order to find the best provider for you.
(561) 510-7915 View (561) 510-7915
Photo of Nicole Franco - Nicole Franco - Narcissistic Abuse Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Nicole Franco - Narcissistic Abuse Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in Narcissistic Abuse, Childhood Abuse, and Complex PTSD/Trauma therapy.
Online in Tennessee, Georgia, and North Carolina. You've been in a cycle of toxic relationships that make you feel crazy and not good enough. You wonder, "am I the narcissist?" Maybe you've tried to set boundaries with a parent, but still feel misunderstood, criticized, or invalidated. You believe your childhood was difficult but then rationalize that it "wasn't that bad." You won't call it trauma or abuse but then what was it?
I specialize in Narcissistic Abuse, Childhood Abuse, and Complex PTSD/Trauma therapy.
Online in Tennessee, Georgia, and North Carolina. You've been in a cycle of toxic relationships that make you feel crazy and not good enough. You wonder, "am I the narcissist?" Maybe you've tried to set boundaries with a parent, but still feel misunderstood, criticized, or invalidated. You believe your childhood was difficult but then rationalize that it "wasn't that bad." You won't call it trauma or abuse but then what was it?
(615) 461-4711 View (615) 461-4711
Photo of Keith Cheney, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Keith Cheney
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Mooresville, NC 28117
Don't over-think therapy. It's just not that complicated. When things get difficult, it's often hard to ask for help. We all face challenges, and we often overcome them on our own. Sometimes it takes much longer than we'd like, and that's when therapy comes into play. Why spend months or years taking on a situation or challenge by yourself, when you could work through it in far less time? Insanity is doing the same things, over and over, and expecting different results. Try something new, and break those old patterns.
Don't over-think therapy. It's just not that complicated. When things get difficult, it's often hard to ask for help. We all face challenges, and we often overcome them on our own. Sometimes it takes much longer than we'd like, and that's when therapy comes into play. Why spend months or years taking on a situation or challenge by yourself, when you could work through it in far less time? Insanity is doing the same things, over and over, and expecting different results. Try something new, and break those old patterns.
(704) 233-3784 View (704) 233-3784
Photo of Melissa Dean-Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-A
Melissa Dean-Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-A
1 Endorsed
Mooresville, NC 28117
Hi I am Melissa! I am an experienced therapist dedicated to helping you navigate through life's challenges and achieve mental wellness. With a focus on depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, work-related issues, and stress management, I provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore your emotions and develop coping strategies. Whether you are struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, overwhelming anxiety, conflicts in relationships, work-related stress, or other mental health concerns, I am here to support you on your journey towards healing and personal growth.
Hi I am Melissa! I am an experienced therapist dedicated to helping you navigate through life's challenges and achieve mental wellness. With a focus on depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, work-related issues, and stress management, I provide a safe and supportive space for you to explore your emotions and develop coping strategies. Whether you are struggling with persistent feelings of sadness, overwhelming anxiety, conflicts in relationships, work-related stress, or other mental health concerns, I am here to support you on your journey towards healing and personal growth.
(704) 534-5997 View (704) 534-5997
Photo of Cynthia Mondello - Restoration Place Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor
Restoration Place Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor
Greensboro, NC 27401
Restoration Place Counseling (RPC) provides affordable, professional counseling and support services to girls and women (age 12 and up) in Greensboro and surrounding areas. Serving our community since 2005, our counselors offer a unique approach to mental health treatment -- blending proven psychological principles with a biblical worldview. Our priority goal is to journey with our clients through a process of healing and restoration that allows them to fully accept and experience God's unconditional love and find freedom from life-crippling issues that inhibit them from reaching their full potential.
Restoration Place Counseling (RPC) provides affordable, professional counseling and support services to girls and women (age 12 and up) in Greensboro and surrounding areas. Serving our community since 2005, our counselors offer a unique approach to mental health treatment -- blending proven psychological principles with a biblical worldview. Our priority goal is to journey with our clients through a process of healing and restoration that allows them to fully accept and experience God's unconditional love and find freedom from life-crippling issues that inhibit them from reaching their full potential.
(336) 864-9957 View (336) 864-9957

See more therapy options for North Carolina

Narcissistic Personality (NPD) Therapists

What type of therapy is best for narcissistic personality disorder?

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is best treated with talk therapy, which could involve cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, schema therapy, gestalt therapy, or similar approaches. A therapist will help a patient uncover the feelings that may drive their behavior and discover how to engage with themselves and those around them with greater empathy and understanding, fewer demands, and less defensiveness, with the goal of developing a more authentic sense of self that enables healthier relationships.

How do therapists treat NPD?

By developing a strong therapeutic relationship, and continually focusing patients on relationships, community, and connection, a therapist, through talk therapy, may be able to help someone with NPD change. In sessions, a therapist will help an individual achieve relief from their current stressors, including the treatment of co-occurring conditions such as anxiety or depression. A therapist may also help an individual to recognize unhealthy coping mechanisms, learn new ways of interacting with others, and eventually become able to feel and display empathy.

Can a narcissist be cured with therapy?

Therapy can be effective. After a serious setback or great loss, someone with NPD may be forced to recognize that they are not immune to life’s challenges. That can spur feelings of melancholy and depression that lead them to seek professional help. Once an individual decides to seek help, they have already taken a step that the majority of those with NPD never will. Still, people with NPD often quit therapy as they naturally resist feeling vulnerable, being challenged, or admitting to flaws.

How can you get narcissistic personality disorder treatment for someone?

It is notoriously difficult to convince someone with NPD to seek help. With their feelings of superiority, they may be unlikely to recognize or acknowledge that they have a problem, or that their problem is narcissism. Sometimes, they are aware that they are arrogant and that others resent them but they don’t see it as a problem because they are convinced of their superiority. People with NPD have trouble maintaining relationships, but family members and others who do feel close to them, and whose presence they value, may be able to encourage them to seek therapy.