Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Jeri Pamp, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Jeri Pamp
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I am also a board-certified health coach. Over the years I have done this work, I have repeatedly seen people make changes to better their lives and relationships. It really is a privilege to part of someone's healing journey.
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I am also a board-certified health coach. Over the years I have done this work, I have repeatedly seen people make changes to better their lives and relationships. It really is a privilege to part of someone's healing journey.
(562) 418-5699 View (562) 418-5699
Photo of Christine Ashe - Certified Emdr Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Christine Ashe - Certified Emdr Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR, SEP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Fact is, the past often gets in the way of living life to its fullest. Do you feel emotionally drained, empty inside with thoughts of self-loathing? Maybe you are consumed with shame over memories, behaviors or thoughts you cannot seem to control. Loss of sleep and an overall sense of irritability can overwhelm any sense of normalcy. This is not the real you-but how to get out from under it? Breakthroughs happen... when digging deep one needs an experienced hand to shine a light to help.
Fact is, the past often gets in the way of living life to its fullest. Do you feel emotionally drained, empty inside with thoughts of self-loathing? Maybe you are consumed with shame over memories, behaviors or thoughts you cannot seem to control. Loss of sleep and an overall sense of irritability can overwhelm any sense of normalcy. This is not the real you-but how to get out from under it? Breakthroughs happen... when digging deep one needs an experienced hand to shine a light to help.
(310) 872-1822 View (310) 872-1822
Photo of Ray Everett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Ray Everett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90039
DO YOU WANT TO BE HAPPY IN YOUR RELATIONSHIP AGAIN? Call or email me. I know how to get you there. Let's cut to the chase in couples counseling. PHONE*FACETIME*VIDEO. There is no need to drive to an office for me to help you.
DO YOU WANT TO BE HAPPY IN YOUR RELATIONSHIP AGAIN? Call or email me. I know how to get you there. Let's cut to the chase in couples counseling. PHONE*FACETIME*VIDEO. There is no need to drive to an office for me to help you.
(323) 570-5490 View (323) 570-5490
Photo of David Perlman, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
David Perlman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Do you feel unable to manage anxiety or depression? Are you having issues in your relationships at home or at work and feeling detached, undervalued, or unsatisfied? Perhaps you feel alone in this experience, or unable to find a way to connect with the people in your life to get help. Despite everything you have tried, it seems hard to find answers or lasting relief. I don't want you to suffer anymore. I can help you through intense emotions and difficult situations. Together we can find a way for you to meet life’s struggles with confidence and with a deeper understanding of yourself.
Do you feel unable to manage anxiety or depression? Are you having issues in your relationships at home or at work and feeling detached, undervalued, or unsatisfied? Perhaps you feel alone in this experience, or unable to find a way to connect with the people in your life to get help. Despite everything you have tried, it seems hard to find answers or lasting relief. I don't want you to suffer anymore. I can help you through intense emotions and difficult situations. Together we can find a way for you to meet life’s struggles with confidence and with a deeper understanding of yourself.
(424) 336-1251 View (424) 336-1251
Photo of Alison Iong-Szeto, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Alison Iong-Szeto
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90007
Dr. Alison Iong-Szeto, licensed Clinical Psychologist. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy. I also have bilingual and bicultural expertise to work with the Cantonese-speaking population. I treat adults with mood disorders (depression and anxiety, PTSD) and acculturation issues especially dealing with adults with Chinese backgrounds using my bicultural competence, reading, and writing Chinese effectively, and self-esteem issues. I have had 16 years of supervisory experience and deal with a lot of Latino populations.
Dr. Alison Iong-Szeto, licensed Clinical Psychologist. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy. I also have bilingual and bicultural expertise to work with the Cantonese-speaking population. I treat adults with mood disorders (depression and anxiety, PTSD) and acculturation issues especially dealing with adults with Chinese backgrounds using my bicultural competence, reading, and writing Chinese effectively, and self-esteem issues. I have had 16 years of supervisory experience and deal with a lot of Latino populations.
(650) 789-6786 View (650) 789-6786
Photo of Ben Chandler, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Ben Chandler
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90064
It takes a lot of courage to seek therapy. You're at a crossroads. And you feel stuck. Perhaps you’re seeking relief from anxiety, depression, or addiction. Maybe you’re tired of living with shame about your sexuality or relationship needs. Maybe you’ve noticed that you keep repeating the same unproductive patterns in relationships or at work. Perhaps you’re feeling lost- unsure of who you really are and what you want in life. These are issues we can untangle and begin to understand in our work together.
It takes a lot of courage to seek therapy. You're at a crossroads. And you feel stuck. Perhaps you’re seeking relief from anxiety, depression, or addiction. Maybe you’re tired of living with shame about your sexuality or relationship needs. Maybe you’ve noticed that you keep repeating the same unproductive patterns in relationships or at work. Perhaps you’re feeling lost- unsure of who you really are and what you want in life. These are issues we can untangle and begin to understand in our work together.
(818) 275-9705 View (818) 275-9705
Photo of Cay Carroll Kidd, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Los Angeles, CA
Cay Carroll Kidd
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LCPC, CPC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
I'm a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with 17 years of experience. My work consists of individual psychotherapy with adult clientele only. I enjoy helping people and compassionate in my work with clients. Everyone experiences challenges in life; however, it's through the challenges that you grow the most. Together, we will work closely to analyze what struggles you are facing and their underlying causes, and work towards implementing change to the behaviors and thought patterns that are keeping you from being the best version of yourself.
I'm a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with 17 years of experience. My work consists of individual psychotherapy with adult clientele only. I enjoy helping people and compassionate in my work with clients. Everyone experiences challenges in life; however, it's through the challenges that you grow the most. Together, we will work closely to analyze what struggles you are facing and their underlying causes, and work towards implementing change to the behaviors and thought patterns that are keeping you from being the best version of yourself.
(562) 306-1014 View (562) 306-1014
Photo of Michal Twardowski in Los Angeles, CA
Michal Twardowski
PA
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90045
My name is Michal Twardowski and I have been in the field of Psychiatry as a Physician Assistant for over a year now. I completed my medical training at the Penn State University College of Medicine campus in Hershey, Pennsylvania. I chose to go into medicine, and specifically into psychiatry, due to my own family's struggles with mental health, which helped pique my interest in the specialty, as well as helped develop my skills of compassion, understanding, and dedication to individuals who struggle with mental health concerns.
My name is Michal Twardowski and I have been in the field of Psychiatry as a Physician Assistant for over a year now. I completed my medical training at the Penn State University College of Medicine campus in Hershey, Pennsylvania. I chose to go into medicine, and specifically into psychiatry, due to my own family's struggles with mental health, which helped pique my interest in the specialty, as well as helped develop my skills of compassion, understanding, and dedication to individuals who struggle with mental health concerns.
(415) 662-0419 View (415) 662-0419
Photo of Sam Sawyer Silverman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Sam Sawyer Silverman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90026
My goal as a therapist is to empower you to be your own best advocate. I want to help you identify your feelings, needs, wants, and resources- creating a space where all of you is welcome, seen, and respected. While I always attempt to approach therapy through an inclusive, intersectional lens, I am also open to critical feedback. I want to make space for you. I want to help you reconnect with your authentic self to best support your own growth and healing. See more on my website: www.samsilvermantherapy.com. I offer Zoom (or other virtual) sessions and park sessions in the echo park area.
My goal as a therapist is to empower you to be your own best advocate. I want to help you identify your feelings, needs, wants, and resources- creating a space where all of you is welcome, seen, and respected. While I always attempt to approach therapy through an inclusive, intersectional lens, I am also open to critical feedback. I want to make space for you. I want to help you reconnect with your authentic self to best support your own growth and healing. See more on my website: www.samsilvermantherapy.com. I offer Zoom (or other virtual) sessions and park sessions in the echo park area.
(818) 208-4879 View (818) 208-4879
Photo of Anthony Santich, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Anthony Santich
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
Is anxiety, depression, stress, or substance use interfering with your ability to live a meaningful life? Are you feeling lonely, empty or unfulfilled? The goal of therapy is to facilitate personal growth and help you improve your life. I believe there is no one-size-fits all approach to therapy, so this can take many shapes and forms depending on your needs. Whether you're looking to build self-awareness, strengthen your relationships, change your unwanted habits, better manage your stress or just feel better emotionally - I am here to help!
Is anxiety, depression, stress, or substance use interfering with your ability to live a meaningful life? Are you feeling lonely, empty or unfulfilled? The goal of therapy is to facilitate personal growth and help you improve your life. I believe there is no one-size-fits all approach to therapy, so this can take many shapes and forms depending on your needs. Whether you're looking to build self-awareness, strengthen your relationships, change your unwanted habits, better manage your stress or just feel better emotionally - I am here to help!
(424) 351-1083 View (424) 351-1083
Photo of Yuki Yoshida, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Yuki Yoshida
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 91335
My name is Yuki Yoshida and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Orange County and work with clients via telehealth. I work with individual adults and focus on communication, stress management, depression, and anxiety. I enjoy meeting clients where they are on their own unique journey and joining them in finding ways to empower themselves. I have enjoyed working most with individual adults who are dealing with life transitions and adjusting to different life situations. Oftentimes these changes can cause symptoms related to depression, anxiety, and stress.
My name is Yuki Yoshida and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Orange County and work with clients via telehealth. I work with individual adults and focus on communication, stress management, depression, and anxiety. I enjoy meeting clients where they are on their own unique journey and joining them in finding ways to empower themselves. I have enjoyed working most with individual adults who are dealing with life transitions and adjusting to different life situations. Oftentimes these changes can cause symptoms related to depression, anxiety, and stress.
(818) 722-6294 View (818) 722-6294
Photo of Danyale McCurdy-McKinnon, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Danyale McCurdy-McKinnon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90014
I am the Director and Supervisor at Dr. McCurdy-McKinnon & Associates: Eating Disorders & Wellness Clinic. Our mission is to provide quality, empirically supported psychotherapy to individuals with eating, body image, anxiety, and mood disorders. Eating disorders are some of the most chronic and difficult to treat of all mental illnesses, thus an expert approach is paramount for recovery. We collaborate with other specialized dieticians and psychiatrists in our field for a sound and multidisciplinary approach.
I am the Director and Supervisor at Dr. McCurdy-McKinnon & Associates: Eating Disorders & Wellness Clinic. Our mission is to provide quality, empirically supported psychotherapy to individuals with eating, body image, anxiety, and mood disorders. Eating disorders are some of the most chronic and difficult to treat of all mental illnesses, thus an expert approach is paramount for recovery. We collaborate with other specialized dieticians and psychiatrists in our field for a sound and multidisciplinary approach.
(213) 632-5771 View (213) 632-5771
Photo of Shlomit Yelin-Arber, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Shlomit Yelin-Arber
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90039
Not accepting new clients
If you are reading this, I can only assume that you have been thinking about starting therapy for a while, but keep putting it off. The hardest part is making that first phone call. It requires us to acknowledge that our life is not where we wanted it to be.
If you are reading this, I can only assume that you have been thinking about starting therapy for a while, but keep putting it off. The hardest part is making that first phone call. It requires us to acknowledge that our life is not where we wanted it to be.
(424) 218-1539 View (424) 218-1539
Photo of Justin Juárez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Justin Juárez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
Finding a therapist in a big city can be a daunting task for such an important decision and journey you are on. I cultivate a space for you to feel seen and heard while facilitating change through a therapeutic relationship of compassion and culturally affirming care. I'm committed to working with LGBTQ+ individuals/relationships and working with teens in this ever more complex world that induces overwhelming feelings. I also provide support for parents with teens in navigating these issues. I work with adults who experience a variety of expressions such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, and trauma to name a few.
Finding a therapist in a big city can be a daunting task for such an important decision and journey you are on. I cultivate a space for you to feel seen and heard while facilitating change through a therapeutic relationship of compassion and culturally affirming care. I'm committed to working with LGBTQ+ individuals/relationships and working with teens in this ever more complex world that induces overwhelming feelings. I also provide support for parents with teens in navigating these issues. I work with adults who experience a variety of expressions such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, and trauma to name a few.
(818) 797-9226 View (818) 797-9226
Photo of Trisha Elise Neimeyer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Trisha Elise Neimeyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90026
Together we will work toward the changes you want/need so you can get on living and enjoying your life. I fully believe you deserve to take time to explore these things & also understand time is precious.
Together we will work toward the changes you want/need so you can get on living and enjoying your life. I fully believe you deserve to take time to explore these things & also understand time is precious.
(626) 314-6197 View (626) 314-6197
Photo of Mayra Torres, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Mayra Torres
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90045  (Online Only)
I provide individual therapy for adults, specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety, trauma, life stressors, and life transitions. My purpose is to empower individuals with the tools to manage challenges in their lives. My purpose in therapy is to strengthen confidence and resilience, bringing harmony and a sense of balance to the self. I primarily use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Solution-Focused brief therapy. I integrate various therapy modalities with individualization to your own unique needs.
I provide individual therapy for adults, specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety, trauma, life stressors, and life transitions. My purpose is to empower individuals with the tools to manage challenges in their lives. My purpose in therapy is to strengthen confidence and resilience, bringing harmony and a sense of balance to the self. I primarily use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Solution-Focused brief therapy. I integrate various therapy modalities with individualization to your own unique needs.
(424) 799-1475 View (424) 799-1475
Photo of Kelly Albrecht, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Kelly Albrecht
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Are you struggling to process depression, anxiety, relationship/family issues, and trauma? These emotional ruptures can cause major disruptions in our lives. The work to process these types of life events is multifaceted, and I can help you identify your feelings and potential relational patterns, build tolerance and acceptance around challenging ones, and set meaningful goals. In order to do so, I utilize various therapeutic approaches consisting of ACT, CBT, and Problem-Solving Therapy, and somatic interventions.
Are you struggling to process depression, anxiety, relationship/family issues, and trauma? These emotional ruptures can cause major disruptions in our lives. The work to process these types of life events is multifaceted, and I can help you identify your feelings and potential relational patterns, build tolerance and acceptance around challenging ones, and set meaningful goals. In order to do so, I utilize various therapeutic approaches consisting of ACT, CBT, and Problem-Solving Therapy, and somatic interventions.
(424) 688-3262 View (424) 688-3262
Photo of Kathleen Sutherland, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Los Angeles, CA
Kathleen Sutherland
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90029  (Online Only)
Dear future clients, I'm a bilingual therapist fluent in both English and Spanish, dedicated to providing compassionate support and guidance to individuals facing ADHD, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. I create a warm and welcoming space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to navigate their mental health journey.
Dear future clients, I'm a bilingual therapist fluent in both English and Spanish, dedicated to providing compassionate support and guidance to individuals facing ADHD, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. I create a warm and welcoming space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to navigate their mental health journey.
(323) 870-9267 View (323) 870-9267
Photo of Akilah Reynolds, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Akilah Reynolds
Psychologist, PhD, EdM, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90015  (Online Only)
Do you appear to have it all together but inside feel stressed, sad, or empty? Are you struggling to advance your goals or feel overwhelmed by the demands of the modern world? Do you yearn for love or close friendships but struggle with loneliness or painful relationships? If so, I’d love to talk with you. I am Dr. Akilah a licensed psychologist in California that specializes in helping busy professionals manage personal and professional success by focusing on mental wellness. As a professional woman myself, I know the importance of having a culturally congruent space for healing, which is why I joined the Black Girl Doctor.
Do you appear to have it all together but inside feel stressed, sad, or empty? Are you struggling to advance your goals or feel overwhelmed by the demands of the modern world? Do you yearn for love or close friendships but struggle with loneliness or painful relationships? If so, I’d love to talk with you. I am Dr. Akilah a licensed psychologist in California that specializes in helping busy professionals manage personal and professional success by focusing on mental wellness. As a professional woman myself, I know the importance of having a culturally congruent space for healing, which is why I joined the Black Girl Doctor.
(213) 320-6438 View (213) 320-6438
Photo of Thais (Guimaraes) Sky, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Thais (Guimaraes) Sky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
We often find ourselves considering psychotherapy when the things we are doing doesn't seem to be working. Maybe you have read the books, listened to the podcasts, watched youtube videos, and yet something just keeps getting in the way. Or maybe things are just feeling stuck. Whether you are struggling with self-worth, an eating disorder, complex trauma, or you want to deepen your understanding of yourself and create more meaningful relationships, therapy can help.
We often find ourselves considering psychotherapy when the things we are doing doesn't seem to be working. Maybe you have read the books, listened to the podcasts, watched youtube videos, and yet something just keeps getting in the way. Or maybe things are just feeling stuck. Whether you are struggling with self-worth, an eating disorder, complex trauma, or you want to deepen your understanding of yourself and create more meaningful relationships, therapy can help.
(424) 401-2961 View (424) 401-2961

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.