Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Samantha A. DeCaro, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Samantha A. DeCaro
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling stuck in the same patterns? Isolated? Stressed? Anxious? Depressed? Do you find yourself using unhelpful behaviors to cope with your emotions? Let's work together to heal your relationship with food, with your body, with the people you love, and most importantly with yourself. With over a decade of experience using evidenced based modalities, and over 8 years providing therapy and supervision in the eating disorder field, I can help you become an expert of your own emotional patterns, and learn how to break free from the cycles that are no longer serving you.
Are you feeling stuck in the same patterns? Isolated? Stressed? Anxious? Depressed? Do you find yourself using unhelpful behaviors to cope with your emotions? Let's work together to heal your relationship with food, with your body, with the people you love, and most importantly with yourself. With over a decade of experience using evidenced based modalities, and over 8 years providing therapy and supervision in the eating disorder field, I can help you become an expert of your own emotional patterns, and learn how to break free from the cycles that are no longer serving you.
(717) 708-9120 View (717) 708-9120
Photo of Pamela Goffman Snyder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Pamela Goffman Snyder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, TEP, CIRT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
TESTIMONIAL. Prior to meeting Pamela Goffman I was desperately seeking a psychotherapist who could help me with my deep depression and feelings of emptiness and loneliness. For a period of five years I counseled with four different therapists to seek peace in my life. My life was a mess during my five year search, I had hit rock bottom. It had to be divine intervention that lead me to Pamela Goffman. While the four previous therapists talked me through my immediate issue(s), Pamela quickly identified the core of my pain and we began our journey of healing together.
TESTIMONIAL. Prior to meeting Pamela Goffman I was desperately seeking a psychotherapist who could help me with my deep depression and feelings of emptiness and loneliness. For a period of five years I counseled with four different therapists to seek peace in my life. My life was a mess during my five year search, I had hit rock bottom. It had to be divine intervention that lead me to Pamela Goffman. While the four previous therapists talked me through my immediate issue(s), Pamela quickly identified the core of my pain and we began our journey of healing together.
(215) 607-8433 View (215) 607-8433
Photo of Dr. Rachel Fallig, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Rachel Fallig
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice, where I offer psychotherapy for adults of all ages and specialize in working with individuals in early to middle adulthood. I have a varied practice, with people coming to therapy for a wide range of reasons. Whether it's to navigate relationship issues, transitions or changes in life, anxiety, depression, sense of self, or you're feeling lonely, dissatisfied, stressed, empty or stuck - sometimes a little support can make a big difference. Across contexts, I provide identity affirming, culturally responsive, relationally focused care.
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice, where I offer psychotherapy for adults of all ages and specialize in working with individuals in early to middle adulthood. I have a varied practice, with people coming to therapy for a wide range of reasons. Whether it's to navigate relationship issues, transitions or changes in life, anxiety, depression, sense of self, or you're feeling lonely, dissatisfied, stressed, empty or stuck - sometimes a little support can make a big difference. Across contexts, I provide identity affirming, culturally responsive, relationally focused care.
(484) 207-5685 View (484) 207-5685
Photo of Christian Jordal, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Christian Jordal
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CST-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, in practice since 2004, working with individuals, couples, and families. I see clients for brief and extended periods of time, assisting them with issues including: depression; anxiety; sexual issues, communication and relationship difficulties; conflict resolution; trauma and attachment injuries; infidelity; adjustment issues related to separation, divorce, grief, and loss. I view issues contextually and address race, culture, gender, among others, in my work.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, in practice since 2004, working with individuals, couples, and families. I see clients for brief and extended periods of time, assisting them with issues including: depression; anxiety; sexual issues, communication and relationship difficulties; conflict resolution; trauma and attachment injuries; infidelity; adjustment issues related to separation, divorce, grief, and loss. I view issues contextually and address race, culture, gender, among others, in my work.
(267) 388-4586 View (267) 388-4586
Photo of Sami Saghafi, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Sami Saghafi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with the Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness (www.cbtmindful.com); I am licensed in both PA and NY. Tending to our mental health is an incredibly important part of taking care of our overall health. In therapy, I engage with clients to work toward meaningful behavior change by developing an individually tailored evidence-based approach that incorporates aspects of both mindfulness and acceptance. I also work with clients to gain a better understanding of their values and whether their current behaviors are aligned with those values.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with the Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness (www.cbtmindful.com); I am licensed in both PA and NY. Tending to our mental health is an incredibly important part of taking care of our overall health. In therapy, I engage with clients to work toward meaningful behavior change by developing an individually tailored evidence-based approach that incorporates aspects of both mindfulness and acceptance. I also work with clients to gain a better understanding of their values and whether their current behaviors are aligned with those values.
(844) 287-4228 View (844) 287-4228
Photo of Shadeen Francis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Shadeen Francis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
At our core, we all want to feel loved, connected, and understood. I help individuals, couples, and families of all backgrounds to accomplish their therapy goals, improve their relationships, and develop the coping skills necessary to resolve past hurts that keep them from the lives they desire. My clients can expect an approach to therapy that is compassionate, direct, and focused on creating effective and creative solutions to life's challenges. Warmth, humor, goal setting, and collaboration are also important parts of my work.
At our core, we all want to feel loved, connected, and understood. I help individuals, couples, and families of all backgrounds to accomplish their therapy goals, improve their relationships, and develop the coping skills necessary to resolve past hurts that keep them from the lives they desire. My clients can expect an approach to therapy that is compassionate, direct, and focused on creating effective and creative solutions to life's challenges. Warmth, humor, goal setting, and collaboration are also important parts of my work.
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Photo of Farfalla Integrative Health LLC, Occupational Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Farfalla Integrative Health LLC
Occupational Therapist, MS, OTR/L
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
You deserve a life that’s satisfying & enjoyable. I teach adults with persistent symptoms how to function at their best so they finally start feeling like themselves again. My practice offers two types of services: Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT tapping) & occupational therapy (OT). These are NOT traditional talk therapy or counseling services. EFT tapping is a mind-body method that helps change the way your nervous system responds to distressing thoughts, feelings, or body sensations. Using EFT, I help you change the way difficult memories & emotions affect how you think, act, or behave during the course of your day.
You deserve a life that’s satisfying & enjoyable. I teach adults with persistent symptoms how to function at their best so they finally start feeling like themselves again. My practice offers two types of services: Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT tapping) & occupational therapy (OT). These are NOT traditional talk therapy or counseling services. EFT tapping is a mind-body method that helps change the way your nervous system responds to distressing thoughts, feelings, or body sensations. Using EFT, I help you change the way difficult memories & emotions affect how you think, act, or behave during the course of your day.
(215) 774-6363 View (215) 774-6363
Photo of Amy M Shaitelman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Amy M Shaitelman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CAGS, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Just seeking a therapist is courageous- it’s an act of Self Care and Self Care is essential. My name is Amy Shaitelman and I am a certified counselor and licensed clinician with over 15 years in the field. My specialities, trainings and areas of expertise include a harm reductionist approach to psychedelic preparation and integration as well as being certified in other clinical, therapeutic and healing driven modalities. My neuroscience background, coupled with my clinical licensure, offer you and your brain skill, support and most importantly, Hope. Let's start this adventure and get you where you always meant to be.
Just seeking a therapist is courageous- it’s an act of Self Care and Self Care is essential. My name is Amy Shaitelman and I am a certified counselor and licensed clinician with over 15 years in the field. My specialities, trainings and areas of expertise include a harm reductionist approach to psychedelic preparation and integration as well as being certified in other clinical, therapeutic and healing driven modalities. My neuroscience background, coupled with my clinical licensure, offer you and your brain skill, support and most importantly, Hope. Let's start this adventure and get you where you always meant to be.
(267) 440-6652 View (267) 440-6652
Photo of Michele J Rosario, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Michele J Rosario
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CEAP, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
Feeling helpless? Are you committed to self-improvement, but overwhelmed with where to start? Wanting to understand the symptoms you are experiencing or examine the obstacles in life requires help of an honest, direct, solution focused clinician. Anxiety, co-dependent patterns such as "people pleasing" or just trying to understand an experience, starting with the truth of the reality in front of you is where we can meet and start. Every focused, achieving individual wants to "fix it" or do whatever it takes to feel better to live better. By applying some "curiosity," shame and judgement can decrease and hope can increase.
Feeling helpless? Are you committed to self-improvement, but overwhelmed with where to start? Wanting to understand the symptoms you are experiencing or examine the obstacles in life requires help of an honest, direct, solution focused clinician. Anxiety, co-dependent patterns such as "people pleasing" or just trying to understand an experience, starting with the truth of the reality in front of you is where we can meet and start. Every focused, achieving individual wants to "fix it" or do whatever it takes to feel better to live better. By applying some "curiosity," shame and judgement can decrease and hope can increase.
(215) 910-4855 View (215) 910-4855
Photo of Sarah M Lewis, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Sarah M Lewis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
I have sought and found so much personal growth through my own therapy and I recognize the strength in having someone there, to bear witness to both the joys and sorrows that are part of living. I want to help you navigate life’s challenges with an open mind and heart and nurture your own resilience. I strive to help individuals better understand their own complex and nuanced stories, with care and compassion. Therapy is a place where the bigger harder feelings have room to breath and define themselves for us; where we can process the past and get excited for the present and future.
I have sought and found so much personal growth through my own therapy and I recognize the strength in having someone there, to bear witness to both the joys and sorrows that are part of living. I want to help you navigate life’s challenges with an open mind and heart and nurture your own resilience. I strive to help individuals better understand their own complex and nuanced stories, with care and compassion. Therapy is a place where the bigger harder feelings have room to breath and define themselves for us; where we can process the past and get excited for the present and future.
(267) 715-2291 View (267) 715-2291
Photo of Anastasia (Onyx) Fujii, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Anastasia (Onyx) Fujii
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that therapy begins with the building of a strong, honest, and collaborative relationship. Through the creation of this alliance, it becomes possible to discover a client-centered focus for treatment and to engage dynamically in the therapeutic process. I see therapy as a space for healing and growth, co-created and nurtured by both client and clinician. My practice is psychodynamic, relational, and at its core holistic, recognizing and integrating the biological, psychological, and social aspects of experience, as well as the individual, institutional, and cultural roots of issues as they arise.
I believe that therapy begins with the building of a strong, honest, and collaborative relationship. Through the creation of this alliance, it becomes possible to discover a client-centered focus for treatment and to engage dynamically in the therapeutic process. I see therapy as a space for healing and growth, co-created and nurtured by both client and clinician. My practice is psychodynamic, relational, and at its core holistic, recognizing and integrating the biological, psychological, and social aspects of experience, as well as the individual, institutional, and cultural roots of issues as they arise.
(267) 908-3693 View (267) 908-3693
Photo of Bill Coffey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Bill Coffey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I have almost 40 years of experience in the addiction field including 12 years on a drug and alcohol unit in a psychiatric hospital. My work also includes clients dealing with depression and other mood issues. I have expertise working with couples and specialize in couples with addiction as a presenting issue.
I have almost 40 years of experience in the addiction field including 12 years on a drug and alcohol unit in a psychiatric hospital. My work also includes clients dealing with depression and other mood issues. I have expertise working with couples and specialize in couples with addiction as a presenting issue.
(215) 987-4047 View (215) 987-4047
Photo of Jennifer Nissley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jennifer Nissley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I have been working in the field of counseling since 2007. I enjoy the teenage population because they are the most overlooked.
I have been working in the field of counseling since 2007. I enjoy the teenage population because they are the most overlooked.
(484) 559-6613 View (484) 559-6613
Photo of Melanie Susskind Sutow, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Melanie Susskind Sutow
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Welcome! I am a dedicated individual, couples, and family therapist committed to providing an inviting space for self-discovery, healing, and personal growth. I recognize the courage it takes to start your therapeutic journey, and I am here to build a foundation of safety and trust as we walk this path together. My innate curiosity, attunement and warmth allows me to listen to your unique experiences and tailor my therapeutic approach to suit your specific needs and goals.
Welcome! I am a dedicated individual, couples, and family therapist committed to providing an inviting space for self-discovery, healing, and personal growth. I recognize the courage it takes to start your therapeutic journey, and I am here to build a foundation of safety and trust as we walk this path together. My innate curiosity, attunement and warmth allows me to listen to your unique experiences and tailor my therapeutic approach to suit your specific needs and goals.
(215) 402-5627 View (215) 402-5627
Photo of Gustavo Klurfan, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Gustavo Klurfan
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Gustavo is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Psychologist. He received a Master's degree in Psychology from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Having started his career in Argentina, Gustavo is fluent in Spanish and English, offering treatment in either language. Working in Community Mental Health and private practice for over 10 years, he is a generalist who has experience treating a wide variety of concerns from serious mental illness to more common concerns such as anxiety, depression and achieving intimacy.
Gustavo is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Psychologist. He received a Master's degree in Psychology from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Having started his career in Argentina, Gustavo is fluent in Spanish and English, offering treatment in either language. Working in Community Mental Health and private practice for over 10 years, he is a generalist who has experience treating a wide variety of concerns from serious mental illness to more common concerns such as anxiety, depression and achieving intimacy.
(484) 613-3894 View (484) 613-3894
Photo of Kathryn McCarty-Welch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kathryn McCarty-Welch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi there, I'm Kate. Do you find yourself struggling to manage daily life and relationships because of anxiety, depression, and/or trauma? Do you often feel alone and that no one understands you or your struggles?
Hi there, I'm Kate. Do you find yourself struggling to manage daily life and relationships because of anxiety, depression, and/or trauma? Do you often feel alone and that no one understands you or your struggles?
(484) 573-7827 View (484) 573-7827
Photo of Shannon Tissera, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Shannon Tissera
Counselor, MHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I welcome each and every person who is ready to give therapy a try into my practice. I have always been inspired by working with clients of all identities and enjoy learning about different cultures, identities and beliefs. Being a minority woman, I specifically enjoy working with other minority women as I am able to provide them with a sense of comfort and hope as we navigate their world together.
I welcome each and every person who is ready to give therapy a try into my practice. I have always been inspired by working with clients of all identities and enjoy learning about different cultures, identities and beliefs. Being a minority woman, I specifically enjoy working with other minority women as I am able to provide them with a sense of comfort and hope as we navigate their world together.
(267) 490-3466 View (267) 490-3466
Photo of Mimiko Watanabe, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Mimiko Watanabe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a person whose experiences and identities do not fit neatly into categories, I have encountered the challenges of navigating a society that operates on the assumption that ‘one size fits all’ works for everyone. I strive to create a different kind of space in my therapeutic approach. I view therapy as a collaborative process, recognizing that each unique individual requires different kinds of support, which can change over time. I am a multiracial (half white and half Japanese), cisgender, queer woman, with an immigrant parent and firsthand understanding of the complexities of navigating a multicultural family.
As a person whose experiences and identities do not fit neatly into categories, I have encountered the challenges of navigating a society that operates on the assumption that ‘one size fits all’ works for everyone. I strive to create a different kind of space in my therapeutic approach. I view therapy as a collaborative process, recognizing that each unique individual requires different kinds of support, which can change over time. I am a multiracial (half white and half Japanese), cisgender, queer woman, with an immigrant parent and firsthand understanding of the complexities of navigating a multicultural family.
(484) 283-2234 View (484) 283-2234
Photo of Moira McCormick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Moira McCormick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Moira McCormick is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 8 years of experience. Moira specializes in working with children and adolescents dealing with anxiety, low self-esteem, trauma, anger, and life transitions. She also has extensive experience working with individuals on the autism spectrum. Moira completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Counseling Psychology at Immaculata University. Within a therapeutic setting, she emphasizes healthy relationships and she believes the key to that is incorporating parents and/or caregivers into treatment.
Moira McCormick is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 8 years of experience. Moira specializes in working with children and adolescents dealing with anxiety, low self-esteem, trauma, anger, and life transitions. She also has extensive experience working with individuals on the autism spectrum. Moira completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Counseling Psychology at Immaculata University. Within a therapeutic setting, she emphasizes healthy relationships and she believes the key to that is incorporating parents and/or caregivers into treatment.
(484) 209-5184 View (484) 209-5184
Photo of Erica Zervanos, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Erica Zervanos
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
Let’s normalize beauty in disability and elicit self-love in adversity! I specialize in relationships, individual counseling, grief therapy, and coping with chronic illness. Whether you are searching for stress relief or want to learn more about yourself, therapy can be an invaluable tool to promote self-efficacy and self-actualization. I will help you work through your darkest moments to promote empowerment.
Let’s normalize beauty in disability and elicit self-love in adversity! I specialize in relationships, individual counseling, grief therapy, and coping with chronic illness. Whether you are searching for stress relief or want to learn more about yourself, therapy can be an invaluable tool to promote self-efficacy and self-actualization. I will help you work through your darkest moments to promote empowerment.
(267) 436-0933 View (267) 436-0933

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.