Therapists in Las Cruces, NM

Photo of Jennifer Bonalumi - Jennifer Bonalumi, LCSW, LADAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC
Jennifer Bonalumi, LCSW, LADAC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC
Las Cruces, NM 88001
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with 13-year-old clients and older. I work with individuals, couples, and families. I have extensive experience working with substance abuse and addiction, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. I have worked with other clients to a lesser degree that have various other disorders, such as eating disorders, sexual disorders, gender identity issues, those on the autism spectrum, delusional disorders, and psychotic disorders. I believe anyone can change and accomplish reaching their best possible levels of personal and social wellbeing with work and determination.
I specialize in working with 13-year-old clients and older. I work with individuals, couples, and families. I have extensive experience working with substance abuse and addiction, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. I have worked with other clients to a lesser degree that have various other disorders, such as eating disorders, sexual disorders, gender identity issues, those on the autism spectrum, delusional disorders, and psychotic disorders. I believe anyone can change and accomplish reaching their best possible levels of personal and social wellbeing with work and determination.
(575) 537-1436 View (575) 537-1436
Photo of Lynn Winters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Lynn Winters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
I have been working in Las Cruces, NM as a therapist for 31 years. My Master's degree is in Social Work, and I'm independently licensed to practice. My special interests include working with trauma survivors and serving the LGBTQ community.
I have been working in Las Cruces, NM as a therapist for 31 years. My Master's degree is in Social Work, and I'm independently licensed to practice. My special interests include working with trauma survivors and serving the LGBTQ community.
(575) 214-7606 View (575) 214-7606
Photo of Marissa Love - Magnolia Counseling LLC, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Magnolia Counseling LLC
Counselor, MA, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Las Cruces, NM 88011
I believe that relationships are the foundation of an Individual’s life. To cultivate healthy relationships with others we need to have a healthy relationship with ourselves and often times this means getting closer in our Christian faith along with learning relationship skills and changing our mindset about ourselves and others. I currently work with individuals struggling with relationship issues, and I enjoy helping individuals learn how to form healthy attachment styles to have healthy relationships. I enjoy helping individuals increase self acceptance while working on other mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.
I believe that relationships are the foundation of an Individual’s life. To cultivate healthy relationships with others we need to have a healthy relationship with ourselves and often times this means getting closer in our Christian faith along with learning relationship skills and changing our mindset about ourselves and others. I currently work with individuals struggling with relationship issues, and I enjoy helping individuals learn how to form healthy attachment styles to have healthy relationships. I enjoy helping individuals increase self acceptance while working on other mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.
(575) 214-3658 View (575) 214-3658
Photo of Sandra M. White, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sandra M. White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Las Cruces, NM 88001
In my therapeutic practice, I take a non-judgmental approach that integrates a strengths-based and systems perspective. I strive to understand each client’s unique experiences, values, and personal priorities. I believe that a strong therapeutic relationship is the foundation for meaningful change— clients overcome obstacles and achieve their desired goals. My passion lies in empowering individuals to develop fresh insights about their lives, make healthier choices, reduce stress, and strengthen coping skills. I incorporate mindfulness techniques, breathwork, and meditation to foster emotional resilience and personal growth.
In my therapeutic practice, I take a non-judgmental approach that integrates a strengths-based and systems perspective. I strive to understand each client’s unique experiences, values, and personal priorities. I believe that a strong therapeutic relationship is the foundation for meaningful change— clients overcome obstacles and achieve their desired goals. My passion lies in empowering individuals to develop fresh insights about their lives, make healthier choices, reduce stress, and strengthen coping skills. I incorporate mindfulness techniques, breathwork, and meditation to foster emotional resilience and personal growth.
(575) 483-8110 View (575) 483-8110
Photo of Bri Dever, Mental Health Counselor, LPCC
Bri Dever
Mental Health Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
I am a queer-identified counselor licensed in the state of New Mexico. I specialize in trauma work, Couples & Sex therapy, and LGBTQIA+ and women's health. I'm extremely passionate about bringing holistic mental health care to my clients, which includes taking the whole person into account. Whether it's complex trauma work, exploration of gender identity and/or sexuality, struggles with intimacy/desire, sex, sexual health, or relationship work, I bring my knowledge and expertise to meet my clients therapeutic needs and goals!
I am a queer-identified counselor licensed in the state of New Mexico. I specialize in trauma work, Couples & Sex therapy, and LGBTQIA+ and women's health. I'm extremely passionate about bringing holistic mental health care to my clients, which includes taking the whole person into account. Whether it's complex trauma work, exploration of gender identity and/or sexuality, struggles with intimacy/desire, sex, sexual health, or relationship work, I bring my knowledge and expertise to meet my clients therapeutic needs and goals!
(575) 232-3129 View (575) 232-3129
Photo of Velia Estrada, Pre-Licensed Professional, LAMFT
Velia Estrada
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAMFT
Las Cruces, NM 88011
As a dedicated behavioral health provider, I am deeply committed to supporting individuals, couples, and families in navigating the complexities of their relationships and personal challenges. I specialize in assisting those facing anxiety, depression, and the demands of everyday life. My focus is on helping clients explore the behavioral patterns that often run through families, empowering them to understand how these dynamics shape their present experiences and relationships. With a compassionate and gentle approach, I create a safe environment where clients feel comfortable expressing themselves without fear of judgment.
As a dedicated behavioral health provider, I am deeply committed to supporting individuals, couples, and families in navigating the complexities of their relationships and personal challenges. I specialize in assisting those facing anxiety, depression, and the demands of everyday life. My focus is on helping clients explore the behavioral patterns that often run through families, empowering them to understand how these dynamics shape their present experiences and relationships. With a compassionate and gentle approach, I create a safe environment where clients feel comfortable expressing themselves without fear of judgment.
(575) 570-8166 View (575) 570-8166
Photo of Jeremiah Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Jeremiah Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Las Cruces, NM 88001
I work with Treatment Associates Inc., a company dedicated to treating severe anxiety in its various forms. I prioritize a strengths-based, person-centered approach, with confidence that you have the ability to achieve your therapy goals. Many clients come to therapy facing challenges related to work, family, or relationships and are often amazed at the positive changes they experience as they learn to manage stress and anxiety effectively.
I work with Treatment Associates Inc., a company dedicated to treating severe anxiety in its various forms. I prioritize a strengths-based, person-centered approach, with confidence that you have the ability to achieve your therapy goals. Many clients come to therapy facing challenges related to work, family, or relationships and are often amazed at the positive changes they experience as they learn to manage stress and anxiety effectively.
(575) 579-5562 View (575) 579-5562
Photo of Megan Goepfert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT, IMH-E, RYT
Megan Goepfert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT, IMH-E, RYT
Las Cruces, NM 88011
I have devoted my career to helping women, children, and adolescents. With a background in complex trauma, pregnancy/postpartum, attachment, and parenting, I'm here to offer a compassionate and skilled approach to therapy. I value the importance of the therapeutic relationship above all else and strive to always establish safety and benevolence. My goal is to help you understand and accept yourself, empowering you to navigate life’s difficulties with confidence and resilience.
I have devoted my career to helping women, children, and adolescents. With a background in complex trauma, pregnancy/postpartum, attachment, and parenting, I'm here to offer a compassionate and skilled approach to therapy. I value the importance of the therapeutic relationship above all else and strive to always establish safety and benevolence. My goal is to help you understand and accept yourself, empowering you to navigate life’s difficulties with confidence and resilience.
(575) 222-8447 View (575) 222-8447
Photo of Cesia Otero, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFTA
Cesia Otero
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFTA
1 Endorsed
Las Cruces, NM 88011
Life can feel overwhelming at times—like you're carrying more than you were ever meant to on your own. I believe that we all have the inner strength to face life’s challenges, but that doesn’t mean we have to do it alone. Reaching out for support is not a weakness—it’s a brave and powerful step.
Life can feel overwhelming at times—like you're carrying more than you were ever meant to on your own. I believe that we all have the inner strength to face life’s challenges, but that doesn’t mean we have to do it alone. Reaching out for support is not a weakness—it’s a brave and powerful step.
(575) 305-7200 View (575) 305-7200
Photo of Cynthia Ordonez-Branco - Evolvement Behavioral Health, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LADAC
Evolvement Behavioral Health
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LADAC
3 Endorsed
Las Cruces, NM 88005
I enjoy working with clients that want to work on things. I am very honest yet compassionate and caring. I like to help clients look at their puzzle pieces and figure them out. I am not the expert in your life, you are. I am here to help you figure things out. I have worked with trauma, sexual abuse, substance abuse, and family issues. I enjoy working with teens, individuals, couples and families. I work from a family systems perspective so I believe working on the family is important. I use the modality that best suits the client which may include inner child work, mindfulness, processing trauma, and relapse prevention.
I enjoy working with clients that want to work on things. I am very honest yet compassionate and caring. I like to help clients look at their puzzle pieces and figure them out. I am not the expert in your life, you are. I am here to help you figure things out. I have worked with trauma, sexual abuse, substance abuse, and family issues. I enjoy working with teens, individuals, couples and families. I work from a family systems perspective so I believe working on the family is important. I use the modality that best suits the client which may include inner child work, mindfulness, processing trauma, and relapse prevention.
(575) 209-4269 View (575) 209-4269
Photo of Dora Caro, Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCC
Dora Caro
Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCC
3 Endorsed
Las Cruces, NM 88005
Waitlist for new clients
Did you experience a stressful event in your life? Have you experienced flashbacks, panic attacks, or anxiety? Have you withdrawn from friends, family, or loved ones? Do you need help rebuilding the trust and communication in your relationship? Have you been avoiding fights with your partner? Do you feel like you’re both walking on eggshells, trying not to blow up? Contact me for a consultation and we’ll get started on your journey together! I am a bilingual licensed professional clinical counselor practicing in NM and TX. I provide services to older teens, adults, and couples of different backgrounds, orientations, and dynamics.
Did you experience a stressful event in your life? Have you experienced flashbacks, panic attacks, or anxiety? Have you withdrawn from friends, family, or loved ones? Do you need help rebuilding the trust and communication in your relationship? Have you been avoiding fights with your partner? Do you feel like you’re both walking on eggshells, trying not to blow up? Contact me for a consultation and we’ll get started on your journey together! I am a bilingual licensed professional clinical counselor practicing in NM and TX. I provide services to older teens, adults, and couples of different backgrounds, orientations, and dynamics.
(575) 741-4227 View (575) 741-4227
Photo of Jason Wyatt, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Jason Wyatt
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Las Cruces, NM 88007
As a therapist my driving passions are to help people overcome trauma, de-stigmatize mental health, and advocate for counseling, not just as a means of addressing mental illness but as a tool for self-exploration, healing, and growth. I know that therapy, or any commitment to change for that matter, can be scary and uncomfortable at times but I provide a calming space and an empathetic and unconditionally caring partner in your journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. I truly believe that counseling can be a means to a better, more satisfying and comfortable life for everyone.
As a therapist my driving passions are to help people overcome trauma, de-stigmatize mental health, and advocate for counseling, not just as a means of addressing mental illness but as a tool for self-exploration, healing, and growth. I know that therapy, or any commitment to change for that matter, can be scary and uncomfortable at times but I provide a calming space and an empathetic and unconditionally caring partner in your journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. I truly believe that counseling can be a means to a better, more satisfying and comfortable life for everyone.
(575) 205-4678 View (575) 205-4678
Photo of Kourtney T. Vaillancourt - Alameda Marriage & Family Therapy & IOP, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LADAC
Alameda Marriage & Family Therapy & IOP
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LADAC
3 Endorsed
Las Cruces, NM 88005
We are a group of private practice clinicians who specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families across the lifespan. We have a variety of clinicians with varied specialities and theoretical approaches, so we can find just the right fit for your needs. Some examples of our specialities include: depression, anxiety, substance use and abuse, sexuality, child and family play therapy, family therapy. We accept most major insurance plans and self-pay clients. Se habla Espanol. We are now accepting clients.
We are a group of private practice clinicians who specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families across the lifespan. We have a variety of clinicians with varied specialities and theoretical approaches, so we can find just the right fit for your needs. Some examples of our specialities include: depression, anxiety, substance use and abuse, sexuality, child and family play therapy, family therapy. We accept most major insurance plans and self-pay clients. Se habla Espanol. We are now accepting clients.
(575) 366-8025 View (575) 366-8025
Photo of Al Galves, Psychologist, PhD
Al Galves
Psychologist, PhD
Las Cruces, NM 88001
I help you to see your symptoms as a meaningful response to concerns that you have about your life and yourself. I help you become aware of what is keeping you from living the way you want to live. I help you to get clear about what you want in the way of love, work (expressing yourself) and enjoyment of life and to use your thoughts, feelings, intentions, talents and strengths to get on a path towards satisfying those desires. I help people heal from trauma. I don't believe drugs are good treatment and will help you withdraw from them.
I help you to see your symptoms as a meaningful response to concerns that you have about your life and yourself. I help you become aware of what is keeping you from living the way you want to live. I help you to get clear about what you want in the way of love, work (expressing yourself) and enjoyment of life and to use your thoughts, feelings, intentions, talents and strengths to get on a path towards satisfying those desires. I help people heal from trauma. I don't believe drugs are good treatment and will help you withdraw from them.
(575) 636-1911 View (575) 636-1911
Photo of Ruth Wagner - Nexus Counseling Center, Counselor, LMHC
Nexus Counseling Center
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Las Cruces, NM 88005
I am Ruth Wagner, a bilingual Mental Health Counselor, dedicated to providing compassionate & culturally sensitive therapy services to clients in both English & Spanish. I believe that mental health is essential to overall well-being & that therapy can be a powerful tool for achieving it. My approach is client-centered; working collaboratively with children, adolescents, & adult clients. In dealing with life transitions, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, or trauma, I am here to work with you in understanding, and meeting your unique needs & goals to move past the obstacles prevent you from living a more fulfilled life.
I am Ruth Wagner, a bilingual Mental Health Counselor, dedicated to providing compassionate & culturally sensitive therapy services to clients in both English & Spanish. I believe that mental health is essential to overall well-being & that therapy can be a powerful tool for achieving it. My approach is client-centered; working collaboratively with children, adolescents, & adult clients. In dealing with life transitions, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, or trauma, I am here to work with you in understanding, and meeting your unique needs & goals to move past the obstacles prevent you from living a more fulfilled life.
(575) 577-3747 View (575) 577-3747
Photo of Jessica Silverman - Horizon Services Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Horizon Services Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Las Cruces, NM 88001
Horizon Services is committed to providing comprehensive and individualized counseling services to individuals, couples, and families.
Horizon Services is committed to providing comprehensive and individualized counseling services to individuals, couples, and families.
(575) 613-1335 View (575) 613-1335
Photo of Karen Sagal - Karen Sagal PhD, Psychologist, PhD
Karen Sagal PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Las Cruces, NM 88001
Choosing the right therapist can be challenging! But finding the right person can be life changing. I believe that in counseling we work together as a team, in a safe and non-judgmental environment. We clarify your goals and identify the best strategies to help you succeed. I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 25 years experience. I work with individuals, couples and families on issues such as panic and anxiety,depression, relationships and stress management. I also enjoy working with people facing retirement issues as well as life transitions.
Choosing the right therapist can be challenging! But finding the right person can be life changing. I believe that in counseling we work together as a team, in a safe and non-judgmental environment. We clarify your goals and identify the best strategies to help you succeed. I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 25 years experience. I work with individuals, couples and families on issues such as panic and anxiety,depression, relationships and stress management. I also enjoy working with people facing retirement issues as well as life transitions.
(575) 233-7007 View (575) 233-7007
Photo of Sharon Steinborn - Anxiety Treatment Center of the Southwest, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anxiety Treatment Center of the Southwest
Marriage & Family Therapist
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you often feel tired, anxious, overwhelmed, on edge? Are you worrying too much? Do you have difficulty sleeping? Do simple life tasks feel overwhelming? You may be struggling with anxiety. You're not alone. Anxiety disorders are one of our leading mental health issues. The good news is that anxiety disorders are are also very treatable. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, which includes Panic, PTSD, Social Phobia, OCD and Generalized Anxiety. I also treat Trichotillomania and Excoriation (skin picking).I work with my clients to give them the tools needed to more effectively manage their symptoms and lead a more hopeful life.
Do you often feel tired, anxious, overwhelmed, on edge? Are you worrying too much? Do you have difficulty sleeping? Do simple life tasks feel overwhelming? You may be struggling with anxiety. You're not alone. Anxiety disorders are one of our leading mental health issues. The good news is that anxiety disorders are are also very treatable. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, which includes Panic, PTSD, Social Phobia, OCD and Generalized Anxiety. I also treat Trichotillomania and Excoriation (skin picking).I work with my clients to give them the tools needed to more effectively manage their symptoms and lead a more hopeful life.
(575) 405-7992 View (575) 405-7992
Photo of Celina Jo Holguin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Celina Jo Holguin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Las Cruces, NM 88012
Waitlist for new clients
Lighthouse Therapies, LLC is a place where healing happens. By using evidence-based practices such as EMDR, TF-CBT and CBT, we work together to find your peace and stability. I have experience in trauma including childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect. I also specialize in children that have experienced these types of traumas as well. I am also experienced in anxiety, depression, grief, children that have caused sexual harm and anger management. Together we work by using your individual strengths to find healing and well-being.
Lighthouse Therapies, LLC is a place where healing happens. By using evidence-based practices such as EMDR, TF-CBT and CBT, we work together to find your peace and stability. I have experience in trauma including childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect. I also specialize in children that have experienced these types of traumas as well. I am also experienced in anxiety, depression, grief, children that have caused sexual harm and anger management. Together we work by using your individual strengths to find healing and well-being.
(575) 216-5805 View (575) 216-5805
Maria D Gonzalez
Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello I am a Bilingual Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. Board approved Clinical Supervisor. Virginia Satir said it best "As a therapist I try to be a companion and help people tune into their own wisdom". I strive to be that person for my client in their life that is capable of hearing and holding their pain. I have experience working with infants, children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. My goal is to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients where we can work together to reach their goals. I enjoy working with Individuals of all ages, families, couples, trauma survivors, LGBTQ+ community allied.
Hello I am a Bilingual Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. Board approved Clinical Supervisor. Virginia Satir said it best "As a therapist I try to be a companion and help people tune into their own wisdom". I strive to be that person for my client in their life that is capable of hearing and holding their pain. I have experience working with infants, children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. My goal is to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients where we can work together to reach their goals. I enjoy working with Individuals of all ages, families, couples, trauma survivors, LGBTQ+ community allied.
(575) 205-1366 View (575) 205-1366

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Number of Therapists in Las Cruces, NM

200+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Las Cruces, NM who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
69% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Presbyterian
74% Medicaid

How Therapists in Las Cruces, NM see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Las Cruces?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.