Play Therapy in Tenafly, NJ

Photo of Jennifer Grubman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Jennifer Grubman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
I use a variety of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), play therapy, behavior intervention plans, and more.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (in both New York and New Jersey) with 10+ years of experience. I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults where I can provide a safe, confidential, comfortable, and a judgement free environment to work through their struggles. I specialize in helping children, adolescents, and adults deal with a wide variety of issues including anxiety, social issues, trauma, behavioral issues, depression, relationship issues, prenatal/pregnancy/postpartum, IVF, bullying, family issues, ADHD, life transitions, and so much more. Together we can work collaboratively to help you grow.
I use a variety of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), play therapy, behavior intervention plans, and more.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (in both New York and New Jersey) with 10+ years of experience. I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults where I can provide a safe, confidential, comfortable, and a judgement free environment to work through their struggles. I specialize in helping children, adolescents, and adults deal with a wide variety of issues including anxiety, social issues, trauma, behavioral issues, depression, relationship issues, prenatal/pregnancy/postpartum, IVF, bullying, family issues, ADHD, life transitions, and so much more. Together we can work collaboratively to help you grow.
(516) 993-0903 View (516) 993-0903
Photo of Amy (Ouida) Morik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Amy (Ouida) Morik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Amy offers a combination of play therapy and cognitive mindfulness techniques to children and adolescents with a variety of social, emotional and behavioral challenges.
Amy Morik is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (in both New York and New Jersey) and a certified School Social Worker in the state of New Jersey. Amy earned her Bachelor degree in Psychology from Union College and her Masters degree in Social Work (MSW) from New York University. Amy has worked with pre-schoolers, elementary age children, pre-teens and adolescents in schools, residential facilities and private practice settings. For the past five years Amy has been part of an elementary school Child Study Team. Before that she was a member of a NYC multi-disciplinary team treating pre-school age children in a sensory gym milieu.
Amy offers a combination of play therapy and cognitive mindfulness techniques to children and adolescents with a variety of social, emotional and behavioral challenges.
Amy Morik is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (in both New York and New Jersey) and a certified School Social Worker in the state of New Jersey. Amy earned her Bachelor degree in Psychology from Union College and her Masters degree in Social Work (MSW) from New York University. Amy has worked with pre-schoolers, elementary age children, pre-teens and adolescents in schools, residential facilities and private practice settings. For the past five years Amy has been part of an elementary school Child Study Team. Before that she was a member of a NYC multi-disciplinary team treating pre-school age children in a sensory gym milieu.
(551) 239-1244 View (551) 239-1244
Photo of Eva Lazar, Psychologist in Tenafly, NJ
Eva Lazar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
At The Lazar Center, compassion, experience, and individual attention nurtures emotional growth. I offer a variety of psychological and educational services, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), play therapy, social skills groups, consultation, and assessment in a warm and inviting setting. I am a NJ and NY Licensed Psychologist with over 20 years of experience in the education and mental health fields. I am a respected clinician and expert in child and adolescent therapy, providing evidence-based psychotherapy to individuals and families.
At The Lazar Center, compassion, experience, and individual attention nurtures emotional growth. I offer a variety of psychological and educational services, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), play therapy, social skills groups, consultation, and assessment in a warm and inviting setting. I am a NJ and NY Licensed Psychologist with over 20 years of experience in the education and mental health fields. I am a respected clinician and expert in child and adolescent therapy, providing evidence-based psychotherapy to individuals and families.
(201) 590-4177 View (201) 590-4177
Photo of The Koch Center, Psychologist in Tenafly, NJ
The Koch Center
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Our child and adolescent services: Individual, Family, & Couples Psychotherapy, Social Skills Groups (Preschool thru High School), Psychological Assessments, School Refusal Program, Medication Evaluation, Play Therapy, Parenting Support.
The Koch Center (located in Montclair, Waldwick, Morristown, & Englewood) specializes in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Therapy and Programs for Adults, Adolescents, Middle Schoolers, and Families. Our Intensive DBT Programs offer an opportunity to receive extensive support and expert treatment in an outpatient setting. We treat the full range of psychological issues (including Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Impulse Control Disorders, Eating Disorders, Trauma, Relationship Problems, Personality Disorders). We have a Trauma Program for adults. We also offer individual therapy from varying theoretical orientations.
Our child and adolescent services: Individual, Family, & Couples Psychotherapy, Social Skills Groups (Preschool thru High School), Psychological Assessments, School Refusal Program, Medication Evaluation, Play Therapy, Parenting Support.
The Koch Center (located in Montclair, Waldwick, Morristown, & Englewood) specializes in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Therapy and Programs for Adults, Adolescents, Middle Schoolers, and Families. Our Intensive DBT Programs offer an opportunity to receive extensive support and expert treatment in an outpatient setting. We treat the full range of psychological issues (including Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Impulse Control Disorders, Eating Disorders, Trauma, Relationship Problems, Personality Disorders). We have a Trauma Program for adults. We also offer individual therapy from varying theoretical orientations.
(201) 730-1280 View (201) 730-1280
Photo of Rachel Frank, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Rachel Frank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
My therapeutic approaches include CBT, attachment theory, motivational interviewing and play therapy, and I use an eclectic approach based on the modalities that best meet my clients current needs.
How can I be the best therapist for you? I'm passionate about supporting you towards your goals be it anxiety and depression, social phobia's, relationship issues or managing ADHD and/or autism. Common goals with my clients are building self confidence, accessing resources, focusing on healthy coping strategies, processing emotions and working through trauma and increasing self-care. I work with kids through adults and focus on meeting your personal goals. You are in the driver's seat and my job is to help you reach your destination.
My therapeutic approaches include CBT, attachment theory, motivational interviewing and play therapy, and I use an eclectic approach based on the modalities that best meet my clients current needs.
How can I be the best therapist for you? I'm passionate about supporting you towards your goals be it anxiety and depression, social phobia's, relationship issues or managing ADHD and/or autism. Common goals with my clients are building self confidence, accessing resources, focusing on healthy coping strategies, processing emotions and working through trauma and increasing self-care. I work with kids through adults and focus on meeting your personal goals. You are in the driver's seat and my job is to help you reach your destination.
(201) 510-0503 View (201) 510-0503
Photo of Tony Han, Counselor in Tenafly, NJ
Tony Han
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
I utilize play, creative expression, talk therapy, dream work, and body focused therapy for therapeutic communication with clients.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of psychological and interpersonal challenges in life, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma, life transition, relationship problems, and developmental disorders. I believe that psychotherapy is a process in which client and therapist collaborate in order to help client to improve self-understanding, overcome painful emotions, and discover new and widened perspectives about himself/herself, others, and life. I facilitate client's discovery and development of balanced and integrated personality so that he/she can transcend his/her psychological conflicts.
I utilize play, creative expression, talk therapy, dream work, and body focused therapy for therapeutic communication with clients.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of psychological and interpersonal challenges in life, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma, life transition, relationship problems, and developmental disorders. I believe that psychotherapy is a process in which client and therapist collaborate in order to help client to improve self-understanding, overcome painful emotions, and discover new and widened perspectives about himself/herself, others, and life. I facilitate client's discovery and development of balanced and integrated personality so that he/she can transcend his/her psychological conflicts.
(917) 983-2486 View (917) 983-2486
Photo of Vic Chaperon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Vic Chaperon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tenafly, NJ 07670  (Online Only)
Welcome!! Searching for the right therapist can be such an overwhelming process yet the fact that you're searching shows your resilience! I thoroughly enjoy working with all diverse cultures while respecting the truth that attending therapy is a deeply personal & rewarding experience. I provide therapy to children individuals and families.
Welcome!! Searching for the right therapist can be such an overwhelming process yet the fact that you're searching shows your resilience! I thoroughly enjoy working with all diverse cultures while respecting the truth that attending therapy is a deeply personal & rewarding experience. I provide therapy to children individuals and families.
(551) 210-2636 View (551) 210-2636
Photo of Anat Ziv, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tenafly, NJ
Anat Ziv
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, LCAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tenafly, NJ 07670
I work with individuals, families and groups for more then fifteen years. In a safe, supportive environment, I help my clients to cope with social, emotional, behavioral or relational difficulties. Difficulties include: anxiety, separation, transitions such as relocation, divorce and remarriage, loss, depression, relationship, low self-esteem, social skills and parenting issues. Together, my clients and I set up short and long-term goals, evaluate them periodically and modify, change according to the progress. Paying attention to the process in the journey of therapy is as important as the ending results.
I work with individuals, families and groups for more then fifteen years. In a safe, supportive environment, I help my clients to cope with social, emotional, behavioral or relational difficulties. Difficulties include: anxiety, separation, transitions such as relocation, divorce and remarriage, loss, depression, relationship, low self-esteem, social skills and parenting issues. Together, my clients and I set up short and long-term goals, evaluate them periodically and modify, change according to the progress. Paying attention to the process in the journey of therapy is as important as the ending results.
(551) 226-5638 View (551) 226-5638
Photo of Devora Freund, Psychologist in Tenafly, NJ
Devora Freund
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Taking the first step and seeking help is oftentimes the most difficult decision one must make. Finding the right therapist for you or your family isn't easy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and that the therapist plays an active role in the treatment. Therefore, finding the right match -someone with whom you have a sense of rapport- is critical. My view of a patient is beyond a set of symptoms. Each client is a unique person who brings his or her particular experiences, strengths, and vulnerabilities.
Taking the first step and seeking help is oftentimes the most difficult decision one must make. Finding the right therapist for you or your family isn't easy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process, and that the therapist plays an active role in the treatment. Therefore, finding the right match -someone with whom you have a sense of rapport- is critical. My view of a patient is beyond a set of symptoms. Each client is a unique person who brings his or her particular experiences, strengths, and vulnerabilities.
(201) 762-9338 View (201) 762-9338
Photo of Sarah McNamara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Sarah McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Are you or your child feeling stressed, overwhelmed or anxious? I'm here to help. For over 18 years, I have worked with children, adolescents and adults in a variety of areas including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, life stressors and/or transitions, behavioral difficulties, grief, trauma and childhood abuse.
Are you or your child feeling stressed, overwhelmed or anxious? I'm here to help. For over 18 years, I have worked with children, adolescents and adults in a variety of areas including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, life stressors and/or transitions, behavioral difficulties, grief, trauma and childhood abuse.
(917) 658-8187 View (917) 658-8187
Photo of Hamutal Posklinsky, Creative Arts Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Hamutal Posklinsky
Creative Arts Therapist, MA, LCAT
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
My approach involves exploration of past experiences & beliefs while growing a narrative toward your aspirations. I believe in tailoring the therapeutic process utilizing traditional & creative methods. Using psychodynamic and attachment-based approaches, I aim to provide a deep & spontaneous therapeutic experience in a warm, understanding & safe environment
My approach involves exploration of past experiences & beliefs while growing a narrative toward your aspirations. I believe in tailoring the therapeutic process utilizing traditional & creative methods. Using psychodynamic and attachment-based approaches, I aim to provide a deep & spontaneous therapeutic experience in a warm, understanding & safe environment
(551) 296-1212 View (551) 296-1212
Photo of Anat Joseph, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Anat Joseph
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PsyA
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Do you go through your days feeling stressed, anxious or depressed? Or are you stuck in self-defeating actions holding you back from achieving your professional goals or maintaining a gratifying relationship & fulfilled life? Therapy can help! As an experienced psychotherapist I am committed to helping you find your solution. My approach is tailored to your specific needs & goals whether in short term or more in depth therapy. I am committed to the therapeutic process that will allow you to understand & work through painful experiences, hurtful relationship patterns and struggles with self-esteem and motivation. ......Because your happiness matters!!!
Do you go through your days feeling stressed, anxious or depressed? Or are you stuck in self-defeating actions holding you back from achieving your professional goals or maintaining a gratifying relationship & fulfilled life? Therapy can help! As an experienced psychotherapist I am committed to helping you find your solution. My approach is tailored to your specific needs & goals whether in short term or more in depth therapy. I am committed to the therapeutic process that will allow you to understand & work through painful experiences, hurtful relationship patterns and struggles with self-esteem and motivation. ......Because your happiness matters!!!
(201) 669-3692 View (201) 669-3692
Photo of Stephanie Omens, Psychotherapist in Tenafly, NJ
Stephanie Omens, Psychotherapist
LCAT, LMHC, LPC, RDT-BCT, CCLS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tenafly, NJ 07670
I work with individuals dealing with life challenges. Issues related to grief, illness, divorce, and its impact on children and the family. In addition, concurrent anxieties, and doubts and challenges coping with family loss and trauma. At times of stress, we will work to support your daily interactions and your inner thoughts to become easier. I have worked with people of all ages, helping them to find greater understanding and alleviate burdens in daily life. My goal is to support the issues you share with me and help you get back to regular life, outside of therapy.
I work with individuals dealing with life challenges. Issues related to grief, illness, divorce, and its impact on children and the family. In addition, concurrent anxieties, and doubts and challenges coping with family loss and trauma. At times of stress, we will work to support your daily interactions and your inner thoughts to become easier. I have worked with people of all ages, helping them to find greater understanding and alleviate burdens in daily life. My goal is to support the issues you share with me and help you get back to regular life, outside of therapy.
(332) 378-5580 View (332) 378-5580
Photo of Dr. Paul Groenewal (Inspire Wellness), Psychologist in Tenafly, NJ
Dr. Paul Groenewal (Inspire Wellness)
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tenafly, NJ 07670
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and one of the owners of a group practice called Inspire Wellness. Inspire Wellness is made up of 25 clinicians with various specialties. We have offices throughout Bergen County offering therapy, Sport Psychology, Neuropsychological Testing, and Forensic Psychology. Working in a group decreases the likelihood that we run a waiting list and allows clients to find a clinician with the specialty and approach that fits their specific need. We have a full office staff that are able and willing to answer your questions and will assist you in dealing with your insurance needs.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and one of the owners of a group practice called Inspire Wellness. Inspire Wellness is made up of 25 clinicians with various specialties. We have offices throughout Bergen County offering therapy, Sport Psychology, Neuropsychological Testing, and Forensic Psychology. Working in a group decreases the likelihood that we run a waiting list and allows clients to find a clinician with the specialty and approach that fits their specific need. We have a full office staff that are able and willing to answer your questions and will assist you in dealing with your insurance needs.
(201) 591-1085 View (201) 591-1085
Photo of Mark F Cetta, Psychologist in Tenafly, NJ
Mark F Cetta
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
I'm a knowledgeable, well grounded clinician, who has extensive experience treating adults and children with anxiety disorders, adjustment problems, and substance abuse disorders. What I bring to my practice is judgment, experience, and a practical problem solving approach.
I'm a knowledgeable, well grounded clinician, who has extensive experience treating adults and children with anxiety disorders, adjustment problems, and substance abuse disorders. What I bring to my practice is judgment, experience, and a practical problem solving approach.
(201) 565-0941 View (201) 565-0941
Photo of Elissa R. Gross, Psychologist in Tenafly, NJ
Elissa R. Gross
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Therapy is a powerful way to increase self awareness and develop problem solving skills. I work collaboratively with clients to address issues that interfere with their sense of wellbeing. I am warm,authentic,insightful,and funny. Feeling validated, clients are able to work through challenging issues. We will build upon your strengths to create more effective coping strategies, and to help clients attain happiness and peace. I am thrilled to announce that I have joined the Lukin Center, a group of highly qualified clinicians with locations in Englewood, Hoboken, Ridgewood and Jersey City, NJ.
Therapy is a powerful way to increase self awareness and develop problem solving skills. I work collaboratively with clients to address issues that interfere with their sense of wellbeing. I am warm,authentic,insightful,and funny. Feeling validated, clients are able to work through challenging issues. We will build upon your strengths to create more effective coping strategies, and to help clients attain happiness and peace. I am thrilled to announce that I have joined the Lukin Center, a group of highly qualified clinicians with locations in Englewood, Hoboken, Ridgewood and Jersey City, NJ.
(201) 292-6764 View (201) 292-6764
Photo of Family Psychiatry and Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Family Psychiatry and Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Adolescence and young adulthood can be both the most exciting and trying time in one's life. Having a therapist to help navigate through those times can make all the difference in how one copes and moves forward. I strive to create a safe, supportive, engaging, and nurturing environment for each client. My clinical experience includes a specialization in the areas of eating disorders, self harm behaviors, and addiction, as well as the treatment of adolescents and adults who present with a range of issues such as, anxiety, mood disorders, family conflict, impulsivity, and difficult life transitions.
Adolescence and young adulthood can be both the most exciting and trying time in one's life. Having a therapist to help navigate through those times can make all the difference in how one copes and moves forward. I strive to create a safe, supportive, engaging, and nurturing environment for each client. My clinical experience includes a specialization in the areas of eating disorders, self harm behaviors, and addiction, as well as the treatment of adolescents and adults who present with a range of issues such as, anxiety, mood disorders, family conflict, impulsivity, and difficult life transitions.
(201) 831-9877 View (201) 831-9877
Photo of Orly Gal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Orly Gal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
My name is Orly Gal, licensed family therapist, mother of 4 living in Cresskill, NJ. I specialize in, individual, couple and family therapy. My therapy sessions apply a combination of empathy, insight & optimism to help my clients reach their full potential, enhance their happiness and well being. I treat all age ranges including kids and teenagers.
My name is Orly Gal, licensed family therapist, mother of 4 living in Cresskill, NJ. I specialize in, individual, couple and family therapy. My therapy sessions apply a combination of empathy, insight & optimism to help my clients reach their full potential, enhance their happiness and well being. I treat all age ranges including kids and teenagers.
(201) 890-3898 View (201) 890-3898
Photo of M & C Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
M & C Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
At M & C Psychotherapy, our primary mission is to ensure you feel heard and supported while working towards the achievement of your personal goals. Life can be challenging at times, and dealing with changes and transitions can be stressful. We believe that seeking and engaging in counseling provides a unique opportunity for self-care. We like to think of it as a weekly gift you give to yourself or a family member.
At M & C Psychotherapy, our primary mission is to ensure you feel heard and supported while working towards the achievement of your personal goals. Life can be challenging at times, and dealing with changes and transitions can be stressful. We believe that seeking and engaging in counseling provides a unique opportunity for self-care. We like to think of it as a weekly gift you give to yourself or a family member.
(201) 482-3499 View (201) 482-3499
Photo of Esther Gross, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tenafly, NJ
Esther Gross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
Change for the better begins here. Whatever issue is concerning you, together we can build a therapeutic relationship where you will feel genuine acceptance and empathy. We will build on your strengths choosing from a wide range of therapeutic approaches to identify the one best suited for you and move you forward to a more satisfying approach to life. If you are suffering from anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, depression, loss, or relationship issues we can begin the healing process together. Changing negative patterns into rewarding individual and social interactions can provide you with a more relaxed and fulfilling life.
Change for the better begins here. Whatever issue is concerning you, together we can build a therapeutic relationship where you will feel genuine acceptance and empathy. We will build on your strengths choosing from a wide range of therapeutic approaches to identify the one best suited for you and move you forward to a more satisfying approach to life. If you are suffering from anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, depression, loss, or relationship issues we can begin the healing process together. Changing negative patterns into rewarding individual and social interactions can provide you with a more relaxed and fulfilling life.
(201) 258-3101 View (201) 258-3101
Play Therapy

Who is play therapy for?

Play therapy is generally targeted to children between the ages of 3 and 11 who have social, emotional, or behavioral difficulties. Play therapy has also been found helpful for children who have experienced physical or emotional abuse or witnessed atrocities. Play therapy is also often recommended for children who are undergoing major medical procedures or who are suffering from chronic illness; many children’s hospitals are equipped to offer play therapy on-site. Play therapy is also sometimes used for adults; creative writing, music, and art are expressive forms that can all be adapted for therapeutic purposes.

Why do people need play therapy?

Children often do not have the language skills or words to know or to express what is troubling them. Yet they often spontaneously draw or use playthings to depict scenarios that reflect problems in their everyday life. Play therapy provides children with an array of objects and play situations to act out their feelings or experiences so that therapists can get a clear picture of what children might be struggling with and help them find solutions. In addition, play therapists are skilled at helping children understand their inner experience and find words for them, necessary steps toward helping children learn to control their own behavior and come up with solutions to problems they encounter.

What happens in play therapy?

A child enters a comfortable playroom where they are free to choose the objects they want to play with. The play therapist will typically observe how they play with the toys—whether a sandbox, puppets, dolls and action figures, trucks, costumes, drawing and painting materials, or more—because such play provides clues to a child’s family and social relationships, difficulties they are encountering in the world, and what going on inside themselves. Sometimes the therapist may ask the child to use the play objects to tell a story about their family. Using the same instruments of play, therapists can help children discover more advantageous ways of thinking and behaving.

What kinds of problems do play therapists treat?

Play therapy can help children who display destructive or self-destructive impulses; children who seem angry, sad, or fearful; children who experience frequent social, emotional, family, or school difficulty. Play therapy is often of value to children who have experienced a loss or distressing family experience, who are regularly exposed to family conflict, or who have been physically or emotionally abused. Play therapy can help children who are perpetrators of bullying as well as those who are targets of bullying. It helps children learn to identify their feelings, to express them in constructive ways, and to regulate them so they can get on with the business of development.

How long does play therapy last?

Play therapy sessions may last for 30 to 45 minutes, and they usually occur weekly for about 20 sessions. Each session is tailored to the individual child and the kinds of problems they are struggling with. Play that is highly repetitive often indicates a problem requiring further exploration. Therapists typically measure progress through session-to-session changes in play behavior.