Therapists in Stirling, NJ

Photo of Shane J Repmann, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, BCN
Shane J Repmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, BCN
1 Endorsed
Stirling, NJ 07980
I focus on the Cognitive Behavioral approach, but often will adjust to a more eclectic approach to meet the individual needs of each client. I believe it is crucial to have multiple modalities of therapy when working to achieve positive change. I incorporate a form of Biofeedback, called Neurofeedback. Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback, can improve the way you or your child’s brain functions. It’s a process of identifying target areas of the brain that can benefit from cognitive training. During training I monitor your brain’s activity while you learn new behaviors through a visual and auditory reward system.
I focus on the Cognitive Behavioral approach, but often will adjust to a more eclectic approach to meet the individual needs of each client. I believe it is crucial to have multiple modalities of therapy when working to achieve positive change. I incorporate a form of Biofeedback, called Neurofeedback. Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback, can improve the way you or your child’s brain functions. It’s a process of identifying target areas of the brain that can benefit from cognitive training. During training I monitor your brain’s activity while you learn new behaviors through a visual and auditory reward system.
(908) 356-7507 View (908) 356-7507
Photo of Lisa Lattarulo, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Lisa Lattarulo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
Is your teen struggling with anxiety, depression, isolation, friendship issues or conflict? I can help teens learn strategies to cope with the challenges they are experiencing. Teenage years can be difficult to navigate. Many teens just need a trusted adult to talk through the experiences they are having and find ways to cope. I can be that adult for your teen.
Is your teen struggling with anxiety, depression, isolation, friendship issues or conflict? I can help teens learn strategies to cope with the challenges they are experiencing. Teenage years can be difficult to navigate. Many teens just need a trusted adult to talk through the experiences they are having and find ways to cope. I can be that adult for your teen.
(908) 402-6423 View (908) 402-6423
Photo of Lilas Humen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lilas Humen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Lilas Humen is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with a diverse background in mental health and substance use treatment. With years of experience working with adults, adolescents, and couples, Lilas is dedicated to helping clients identify unhealthy behavioral patterns and develop the skills necessary to navigate life’s challenges. She works with clients from a variety of backgrounds and offers a compassionate, client-centered approach to therapy. Lilas prioritizes creating a safe, non-judgmental environment where clients can explore change and work toward their goals.
Lilas Humen is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with a diverse background in mental health and substance use treatment. With years of experience working with adults, adolescents, and couples, Lilas is dedicated to helping clients identify unhealthy behavioral patterns and develop the skills necessary to navigate life’s challenges. She works with clients from a variety of backgrounds and offers a compassionate, client-centered approach to therapy. Lilas prioritizes creating a safe, non-judgmental environment where clients can explore change and work toward their goals.
(908) 867-9962 View (908) 867-9962
Photo of Alexis Irene, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Alexis Irene
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I am accepting new clients starting in February 2026! If you are looking to reduce your anxiety and anger, and you want to be more present in your daily life, I would be happy to assist you. I describe myself as a warm and nurturing therapist and I pride myself on being a great advocate for my clients. I specialize in working with adults and focusing on building a strong therapeutic relationship. I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and am trained in Parental Identity Discovery.
Hello, I am accepting new clients starting in February 2026! If you are looking to reduce your anxiety and anger, and you want to be more present in your daily life, I would be happy to assist you. I describe myself as a warm and nurturing therapist and I pride myself on being a great advocate for my clients. I specialize in working with adults and focusing on building a strong therapeutic relationship. I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and am trained in Parental Identity Discovery.
(609) 293-5257 View (609) 293-5257

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Glenn Guarino, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LAC
Glenn Guarino
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LAC
Manalapan, NJ 07726
You may be feeling stuck, anxious, or overwhelmed—trying to manage life’s challenges while searching for a sense of balance and clarity. You want to better understand your emotions, build healthier habits, and reconnect with what makes life meaningful. Whether you’re navigating grief, relationship struggles, substance use, or the weight of anxiety or depression, Glenn provides a space for reflection, growth, and lasting change.
You may be feeling stuck, anxious, or overwhelmed—trying to manage life’s challenges while searching for a sense of balance and clarity. You want to better understand your emotions, build healthier habits, and reconnect with what makes life meaningful. Whether you’re navigating grief, relationship struggles, substance use, or the weight of anxiety or depression, Glenn provides a space for reflection, growth, and lasting change.
(732) 646-6313 View (732) 646-6313
Photo of Laura Depko Norell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CMPC, ACBT
Laura Depko Norell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CMPC, ACBT
1 Endorsed
Hazlet, NJ 07730
I specialize in helping people navigate struggles with insomnia, mental performance, and/or anxiety. My goal is to teach you the concrete skills you need to accomplish in our goals, so that you don’t need me anymore! In order to do this, you can expect action items asigned to you each week to help you reach your goals sooner.
I specialize in helping people navigate struggles with insomnia, mental performance, and/or anxiety. My goal is to teach you the concrete skills you need to accomplish in our goals, so that you don’t need me anymore! In order to do this, you can expect action items asigned to you each week to help you reach your goals sooner.
(848) 280-7198 View (848) 280-7198
Photo of Jessica Kenyon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Jessica Kenyon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in supporting individuals navigating mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, and eating disorders or disordered eating. My approach to care is grounded in curiosity, respect, and collaboration—I aim to gently help clients explore their relationship with their emotions and their bodies in a way that feels safe, empowering, and free from shame.
I specialize in supporting individuals navigating mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, and eating disorders or disordered eating. My approach to care is grounded in curiosity, respect, and collaboration—I aim to gently help clients explore their relationship with their emotions and their bodies in a way that feels safe, empowering, and free from shame.
(848) 368-0321 View (848) 368-0321
Photo of Maddy Free, Psychologist, PhD, MSE, MS
Maddy Free
Psychologist, PhD, MSE, MS
2 Endorsed
Madison, NJ 07940
Hi, I’m Dr. Maddy Free! I’m a licensed psychologist with expertise in evidenced-based cognitive behavioral therapies to treat Anxiety Related Disorders for children, adolescents and adults. Additionally, I specialize in treating OCD using Exposure Response Prevention (ERP). While working with families, I lead with a warm collaborative approach including parents in psycho-education, reward systems, and determining and achieving goals.
Hi, I’m Dr. Maddy Free! I’m a licensed psychologist with expertise in evidenced-based cognitive behavioral therapies to treat Anxiety Related Disorders for children, adolescents and adults. Additionally, I specialize in treating OCD using Exposure Response Prevention (ERP). While working with families, I lead with a warm collaborative approach including parents in psycho-education, reward systems, and determining and achieving goals.
(862) 366-4479 View (862) 366-4479
Photo of Jessica Dobbs, Counselor, MS, LAC, CRC
Jessica Dobbs
Counselor, MS, LAC, CRC
Cranford, NJ 07016
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or weighed down by anxiety, depression, trauma, or addiction, you’re not alone and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Many adolescents and adults come to therapy during moments of transition or stress, when life feels uncertain or emotionally exhausting. Therapy can be a place to slow down, make sense of what you’re experiencing, and begin moving toward change.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or weighed down by anxiety, depression, trauma, or addiction, you’re not alone and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Many adolescents and adults come to therapy during moments of transition or stress, when life feels uncertain or emotionally exhausting. Therapy can be a place to slow down, make sense of what you’re experiencing, and begin moving toward change.
(908) 676-7119 View (908) 676-7119
Photo of Stuart H Clutterbuck, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, MS
Stuart H Clutterbuck
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, MS
Online Only
You have the power within you to overcome whatever it is you are facing, you always have, and together we will uncover and rediscover your strongest self. Freeing you to live your life full of peace, joy, and hope is very possible. I believe in the power of each individual to take control of their lives to fully accomplish their goals, feel present and alive. We all benefit from connecting to a trusted source to share deeply with, open ourselves in vulnerable ways to, and all with no risk of judgment. I am eternally grateful for being that person for many and blessed to work in this capacity to help others.
You have the power within you to overcome whatever it is you are facing, you always have, and together we will uncover and rediscover your strongest self. Freeing you to live your life full of peace, joy, and hope is very possible. I believe in the power of each individual to take control of their lives to fully accomplish their goals, feel present and alive. We all benefit from connecting to a trusted source to share deeply with, open ourselves in vulnerable ways to, and all with no risk of judgment. I am eternally grateful for being that person for many and blessed to work in this capacity to help others.
(973) 604-5327 View (973) 604-5327
Photo of Maria Lezme-Lopez, Counselor, MA, LAC
Maria Lezme-Lopez
Counselor, MA, LAC
Bernardsville, NJ 07924
Maria Lezme is a Licensed Associate Counselor in New Jersey who has been practicing since 2023. She graduated from Saint Elizabeth University with her Masters in School Counseling and Mental Health Counseling and from Saint Peter’s University with her Bachelors in Psychology. Maria can help clients of all ages who are struggling with past, present, or future issues. She makes sure the client’s feelings are heard and understood through a nonjudgmental, person-centered approach. Outside of work, Maria enjoys going to the gym and spending time with family and friends.
Maria Lezme is a Licensed Associate Counselor in New Jersey who has been practicing since 2023. She graduated from Saint Elizabeth University with her Masters in School Counseling and Mental Health Counseling and from Saint Peter’s University with her Bachelors in Psychology. Maria can help clients of all ages who are struggling with past, present, or future issues. She makes sure the client’s feelings are heard and understood through a nonjudgmental, person-centered approach. Outside of work, Maria enjoys going to the gym and spending time with family and friends.
(908) 946-5436 View (908) 946-5436
Photo of Michael Buchman, Counselor, LAC
Michael Buchman
Counselor, LAC
Clifton, NJ 07012
Michael has always felt a natural inclination towards helping those around him. He takes an integrative approach and creates a unique treatment plan for his clients depending on their personalities, life circumstances, and goals. He believes that just as medicine is not a one-size-fits-all solution, therapy must also be uniquely tailored for each individual. Michael has a firm conviction in people’s innate ability to find the resolutions to their struggles. He is here to help you recognize your strengths and support you on your journey towards fulfillment.
Michael has always felt a natural inclination towards helping those around him. He takes an integrative approach and creates a unique treatment plan for his clients depending on their personalities, life circumstances, and goals. He believes that just as medicine is not a one-size-fits-all solution, therapy must also be uniquely tailored for each individual. Michael has a firm conviction in people’s innate ability to find the resolutions to their struggles. He is here to help you recognize your strengths and support you on your journey towards fulfillment.
(973) 846-9281 View (973) 846-9281
Photo of Jasmin Trenfield - Jasmin Trenfield: Adults, Youth, CBT, Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Jasmin Trenfield: Adults, Youth, CBT
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Jersey City, NJ 07306
I support young people and adults overcome anxiety, depression, and big transitions in school, work, or family life. Whether you’re adjusting to a new stage, navigating school or career stress, feeling hurt in relationships, or just overwhelmed, we'll collaborate to pinpoint what's going on, unravel the patterns in self-talk or beliefs, and realign with CBT techniques. I strive to create an affirming, inclusive space for clients of all identities. For my kids and teens, we'll connect over your shows, music, or athletics - I'm a fan already. You can book online 24/7 and we'll meet soon. Click my website button to get started.
I support young people and adults overcome anxiety, depression, and big transitions in school, work, or family life. Whether you’re adjusting to a new stage, navigating school or career stress, feeling hurt in relationships, or just overwhelmed, we'll collaborate to pinpoint what's going on, unravel the patterns in self-talk or beliefs, and realign with CBT techniques. I strive to create an affirming, inclusive space for clients of all identities. For my kids and teens, we'll connect over your shows, music, or athletics - I'm a fan already. You can book online 24/7 and we'll meet soon. Click my website button to get started.
(973) 358-0278 View (973) 358-0278
Photo of Rupa M Khetarpal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Rupa M Khetarpal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Madison, NJ 07940
Starting therapy can feel like a significant step, especially when you are navigating emotional complexities of migration, identity and belonging. As an immigrant, I understand the hesitation many people feel in seeking mental health support, often due to fears of being misunderstood or judged while navigating multiple identities, cultures, and expectations. I believe that healing is most effective when therapy honors both the emotional and cultural dimensions of your lived experience. With this in mind, I offer a gentle, culturally affirming, and trauma-informed space for young adults and adults, individual and families.
Starting therapy can feel like a significant step, especially when you are navigating emotional complexities of migration, identity and belonging. As an immigrant, I understand the hesitation many people feel in seeking mental health support, often due to fears of being misunderstood or judged while navigating multiple identities, cultures, and expectations. I believe that healing is most effective when therapy honors both the emotional and cultural dimensions of your lived experience. With this in mind, I offer a gentle, culturally affirming, and trauma-informed space for young adults and adults, individual and families.
(862) 858-2287 View (862) 858-2287
Photo of Heidi L Brady, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MFT
Heidi L Brady
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MFT
Boonton, NJ 07005
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 20 years of experience in the mental health field. Helping adults, and late adolescents struggling with anxiety, depression, stress-management, self-esteem, LGBTQIA+ issues and relationships are my specialties. My friendly, non-judgmental, compassionate approach creates a space where it is safe to share, discover and explore the issues you are bringing to therapy.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 20 years of experience in the mental health field. Helping adults, and late adolescents struggling with anxiety, depression, stress-management, self-esteem, LGBTQIA+ issues and relationships are my specialties. My friendly, non-judgmental, compassionate approach creates a space where it is safe to share, discover and explore the issues you are bringing to therapy.
(973) 358-8873 View (973) 358-8873
Photo of Ibn Sharif Shakoor - Cultured Minds LLC, Counselor, MA, LPC
Cultured Minds LLC
Counselor, MA, LPC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m Ibn Sharif Shakoor, EdD, LPC, a Licensed Professional Counselor from Jersey City. Overcoming trauma and adversity in my life inspired me to help others on their healing journey. I specialize in depression, anxiety, men’s issues, anger management, stress, life transitions, and childhood trauma. Using evidence-based approaches like CBT, Trauma-Informed Care, and Client-Centered Therapy, I create a supportive space for growth. My mission is to guide clients toward emotional resilience and personal fulfillment.
I’m Ibn Sharif Shakoor, EdD, LPC, a Licensed Professional Counselor from Jersey City. Overcoming trauma and adversity in my life inspired me to help others on their healing journey. I specialize in depression, anxiety, men’s issues, anger management, stress, life transitions, and childhood trauma. Using evidence-based approaches like CBT, Trauma-Informed Care, and Client-Centered Therapy, I create a supportive space for growth. My mission is to guide clients toward emotional resilience and personal fulfillment.
(201) 730-6422 View (201) 730-6422
Photo of Kaitlynn Turre, Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW, LCSW
Kaitlynn Turre
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW, LCSW
Online Only
Many people I come across feel immense relief from the safe and open environment that is provided during our sessions. Many of us, unfortunately come from backgrounds in which therapy is looked at in a negative light. I have found that sometimes many of us can get overwhelmed with life, and just need a safe space to get our thoughts together. That safe space is what I strive to provide to my clients. I take a psychoanalytic approach to therapy, and help clients connect the past to the present.
Many people I come across feel immense relief from the safe and open environment that is provided during our sessions. Many of us, unfortunately come from backgrounds in which therapy is looked at in a negative light. I have found that sometimes many of us can get overwhelmed with life, and just need a safe space to get our thoughts together. That safe space is what I strive to provide to my clients. I take a psychoanalytic approach to therapy, and help clients connect the past to the present.
(201) 380-9722 View (201) 380-9722
Photo of Shari Bloomberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shari Bloomberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Union, NJ 07083
What in your life is not working for you? What if you could identify it, explore it? change it? How would you be leading the life you seek? There is a gross misconception that therapy is for people who are chronically mentally ill. That is not my philosophy. I believe that anyone can be metaphorically driving their car on the road of life and end up off the road, maybe in a ditch. I believe in partnering with my clients to understand the struggle, whether a present challenge, an unresolved past issue, or facing an uncertain future. Together, we can put the car back on the road, or find an entirely new road to follow.
What in your life is not working for you? What if you could identify it, explore it? change it? How would you be leading the life you seek? There is a gross misconception that therapy is for people who are chronically mentally ill. That is not my philosophy. I believe that anyone can be metaphorically driving their car on the road of life and end up off the road, maybe in a ditch. I believe in partnering with my clients to understand the struggle, whether a present challenge, an unresolved past issue, or facing an uncertain future. Together, we can put the car back on the road, or find an entirely new road to follow.
(973) 524-7493 View (973) 524-7493
Photo of Lauren Rydelek, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Lauren Rydelek
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
5 Endorsed
Cranford, NJ 07016
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or just not like yourself lately? You're not alone. Life has a way of throwing curveballs our way, and sometimes we all need a little extra support to navigate through them. That's where therapy comes in. I pride myself on creating a comfortable and safe space for you to openly unload worries, fears, and doubts without judgment. Whether you're wrestling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, navigating the joys and challenges of pregnancy and motherhood, or simply feeling lost and unsure of your next steps, I want to support you through that.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or just not like yourself lately? You're not alone. Life has a way of throwing curveballs our way, and sometimes we all need a little extra support to navigate through them. That's where therapy comes in. I pride myself on creating a comfortable and safe space for you to openly unload worries, fears, and doubts without judgment. Whether you're wrestling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, navigating the joys and challenges of pregnancy and motherhood, or simply feeling lost and unsure of your next steps, I want to support you through that.
(908) 628-1016 View (908) 628-1016
Photo of Catherine Lawrence, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Catherine Lawrence
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Online Only
I am a therapist whose goal is to establish a caring and safe relationship with my clients where they feel valued and respected. It is important to me that my environment is non judgmental and allows us to explore the issues or problems that have my clients seeking therapy. Together we can work through life's difficult issues to help you achieve a true sense of self. I have training in psychoanalysis and believe that looking at our past helps us to examine the present and gain insight into the difficulties we are experiencing. In doing so we can find inner strength we have to overcome them and lead happier more fulfilled lives.
I am a therapist whose goal is to establish a caring and safe relationship with my clients where they feel valued and respected. It is important to me that my environment is non judgmental and allows us to explore the issues or problems that have my clients seeking therapy. Together we can work through life's difficult issues to help you achieve a true sense of self. I have training in psychoanalysis and believe that looking at our past helps us to examine the present and gain insight into the difficulties we are experiencing. In doing so we can find inner strength we have to overcome them and lead happier more fulfilled lives.
(551) 243-7098 View (551) 243-7098

See more therapy options for Stirling

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Stirling, NJ

< 10

Therapists in Stirling, NJ who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Stirling, NJ see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Stirling?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.