Therapists in Palmyra, NJ

Photo of Dorothy Dolan - Greater New Jersey Therapy Partners, LCSW, RPT-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Greater New Jersey Therapy Partners
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palmyra, NJ 08065
Are you or your child struggling during these difficult times? We can help. At Greater New Jersey Therapy Partners we are a team of Licensed therapists. Our versatility ensures a great fit for you and your family. Our therapists are specifically trained to meet the unique needs of children and adults. We specialize in adult and childhood issues including anger and aggression, anxiety, illness, depression and behavior issues. We are a therapy provider as well as a therapist training center, so you know our therapists are leaders in the industry.
Are you or your child struggling during these difficult times? We can help. At Greater New Jersey Therapy Partners we are a team of Licensed therapists. Our versatility ensures a great fit for you and your family. Our therapists are specifically trained to meet the unique needs of children and adults. We specialize in adult and childhood issues including anger and aggression, anxiety, illness, depression and behavior issues. We are a therapy provider as well as a therapist training center, so you know our therapists are leaders in the industry.
(856) 259-1394 View (856) 259-1394
Photo of Lia Hannon, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lia Hannon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Adulthood is all about making decisions. Decisions about our wellness, our relationships, our careers, our families. At times we question if the path we are on is the right one for us. We may feel stuck or worried that we are behind the goals we set for our lives. I help people unlearn that which no longer serves them and support them as they cultivate a life that nurtures growth, healing, and fulfillment. ​
Adulthood is all about making decisions. Decisions about our wellness, our relationships, our careers, our families. At times we question if the path we are on is the right one for us. We may feel stuck or worried that we are behind the goals we set for our lives. I help people unlearn that which no longer serves them and support them as they cultivate a life that nurtures growth, healing, and fulfillment. ​
(856) 421-6744 View (856) 421-6744
Photo of Peggy Sue Wotherspoon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Peggy Sue Wotherspoon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palmyra, NJ 08065
Hello, my name is Peggy Sue and I have over 24 years of experience in helping children, families, and teens through individual, play and family therapy. I assist my clients in coping with and healing from trauma and managing emotional and behavioral challenges. With younger children ages 3 to 11 I provide mindfulness based nondirective play therapy which helps children process their emotions related to various life stressors such as bullying, divorce, school challenges, anxiety, depression and trauma. With older children and teens, I utilize various modalities such as to help them cope with issues such as anxiety and depression.
Hello, my name is Peggy Sue and I have over 24 years of experience in helping children, families, and teens through individual, play and family therapy. I assist my clients in coping with and healing from trauma and managing emotional and behavioral challenges. With younger children ages 3 to 11 I provide mindfulness based nondirective play therapy which helps children process their emotions related to various life stressors such as bullying, divorce, school challenges, anxiety, depression and trauma. With older children and teens, I utilize various modalities such as to help them cope with issues such as anxiety and depression.
(856) 804-0749 View (856) 804-0749

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Melissa S Rochman, PsyD, LCADC, Psychologist
Melissa S Rochman
Psychologist, PsyD, LCADC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Whether you are at a crossroads or just seeking a greater understanding of yourself or your current situation, I am here to assist you in your quest. I specialize in and I am Level 3 trained in the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model. As a psychologist and fellow human being, I know that life is a long and winding road and sometimes, we are uncertain which bends to follow or turns to take and we just need support and guidance. Together, we can tap into your inner guidance and wisdom.
Whether you are at a crossroads or just seeking a greater understanding of yourself or your current situation, I am here to assist you in your quest. I specialize in and I am Level 3 trained in the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model. As a psychologist and fellow human being, I know that life is a long and winding road and sometimes, we are uncertain which bends to follow or turns to take and we just need support and guidance. Together, we can tap into your inner guidance and wisdom.
(856) 390-9595 View (856) 390-9595
Photo of Phyllis Pautrat, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Phyllis Pautrat
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Moorestown, NJ 08057
Depression causes hopelessness. Anxiety affects work, family, relationships, enjoyment of life's simple pleasures. Exposure to trauma can cause a multitude of symptoms. If you are facing any of these stressors, if you are a survivor of/or witness to trauma, treatment can help. Through cognitive therapy, my clients have learned to overcome depression, anxiety, PTSD. I also treat individuals court mandated for treatment through Children and Youth Services, probation and parole, etc. Additionally I work with adolescents dealing with behavior concerns, referred by schools/families. Family/couples counseling is also available, as well as treatment for psychosis.
Depression causes hopelessness. Anxiety affects work, family, relationships, enjoyment of life's simple pleasures. Exposure to trauma can cause a multitude of symptoms. If you are facing any of these stressors, if you are a survivor of/or witness to trauma, treatment can help. Through cognitive therapy, my clients have learned to overcome depression, anxiety, PTSD. I also treat individuals court mandated for treatment through Children and Youth Services, probation and parole, etc. Additionally I work with adolescents dealing with behavior concerns, referred by schools/families. Family/couples counseling is also available, as well as treatment for psychosis.
(609) 755-2396 View (609) 755-2396
Photo of Lisa Collins, MFT, LPC, ACS, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Collins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFT, LPC, ACS, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Bordentown, NJ 08505
You've taken the vital first step by seeking help, and now we can chart the path forward together. In our work together, I will meet you where you are and guide you with care, support, and without judgement. I will work to ensure that you feel safe, heard and, most importantly, not alone in this journey. With 25 years of experience in helping others find their way through life's challenges, I have discovered there is not just one "right" path to feeling better; but rather, there are many. In my work with individuals, couples, and families, I have developed an approach that utilizes a variety of therapeutic modalities.
You've taken the vital first step by seeking help, and now we can chart the path forward together. In our work together, I will meet you where you are and guide you with care, support, and without judgement. I will work to ensure that you feel safe, heard and, most importantly, not alone in this journey. With 25 years of experience in helping others find their way through life's challenges, I have discovered there is not just one "right" path to feeling better; but rather, there are many. In my work with individuals, couples, and families, I have developed an approach that utilizes a variety of therapeutic modalities.
(640) 400-8842 View (640) 400-8842
Photo of Rachael Freni, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachael Freni
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002
Are you a highly sensitive individual who feels the world very intensely? Do you struggle with change and transition? Have you been coping by abandoning your own needs? Are you experiencing emotional turmoil over pregnancy, postpartum, or infertility? Are you coparenting or blending your family? Are you learning how to parent a neurodivergent child, or suspect you may be neurodivergent yourself? Do you feel as though you've lost your identity since becoming a parent? Are you struggling to regulate your emotions, and it’s getting in the way of your relationships? Do you feel you are living life in a constant state of burnout?
Are you a highly sensitive individual who feels the world very intensely? Do you struggle with change and transition? Have you been coping by abandoning your own needs? Are you experiencing emotional turmoil over pregnancy, postpartum, or infertility? Are you coparenting or blending your family? Are you learning how to parent a neurodivergent child, or suspect you may be neurodivergent yourself? Do you feel as though you've lost your identity since becoming a parent? Are you struggling to regulate your emotions, and it’s getting in the way of your relationships? Do you feel you are living life in a constant state of burnout?
(609) 831-4867 View (609) 831-4867
Photo of Meghan McMaster, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Meghan McMaster
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
Not accepting new clients
Offering in-person and/or online therapy. “We all experience emotional pain at some time in our lives. We will lose those we love through death, divorce or other factors that keep us apart. Others will experience direct or indirect exposure to trauma, abuse, neglect and/or repeated negative experiences in childhood or as an adult. It is normal to experience extreme emotions such sadness and depression, anxiety, irritability, anger, frustration, hopelessness, loneliness and fear. You don’t have to go through this silently, or be alone with your struggles.”
Offering in-person and/or online therapy. “We all experience emotional pain at some time in our lives. We will lose those we love through death, divorce or other factors that keep us apart. Others will experience direct or indirect exposure to trauma, abuse, neglect and/or repeated negative experiences in childhood or as an adult. It is normal to experience extreme emotions such sadness and depression, anxiety, irritability, anger, frustration, hopelessness, loneliness and fear. You don’t have to go through this silently, or be alone with your struggles.”
(856) 481-0764 View (856) 481-0764
Photo of Cody Watters, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cody Watters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marlton, NJ 08053
I am a Licensed Social Worker with more than 10 years of therapeutic experience. During this time, I have worked in a range of settings, including adolescent residential treatment, adolescent and adult partial hospitalization, and adolescent and adult intensive outpatient levels of care. Areas of expertise including treating substance use related issues, mood disorders (anxiety, depression, etc.), male-focused issues, grief, trauma, and family dynamics.
I am a Licensed Social Worker with more than 10 years of therapeutic experience. During this time, I have worked in a range of settings, including adolescent residential treatment, adolescent and adult partial hospitalization, and adolescent and adult intensive outpatient levels of care. Areas of expertise including treating substance use related issues, mood disorders (anxiety, depression, etc.), male-focused issues, grief, trauma, and family dynamics.
(856) 702-5015 View (856) 702-5015
Photo of Sarah Higbee, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Higbee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034
I'm Sarah Higbee, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with around 8 years of experience in various fields, assisting diverse populations. My dedication to mental well-being is the driving force behind my profession. I specialize in advocating for and empowering those often sidelined by society or within their personal circles. Empathy and mindfulness are central tenets of my practice, ones I embody not just in therapy but also in my personal life.
I'm Sarah Higbee, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with around 8 years of experience in various fields, assisting diverse populations. My dedication to mental well-being is the driving force behind my profession. I specialize in advocating for and empowering those often sidelined by society or within their personal circles. Empathy and mindfulness are central tenets of my practice, ones I embody not just in therapy but also in my personal life.
(856) 606-0536 View (856) 606-0536
Inner Balance Psychology Center
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Marlton, NJ 08053
This therapist works with children ages 3+ through young adults providing client centered, unique approaches to a wide array of challenges and journey's through the years of development in all life domains (ie; educational, social, family, spiritual, sexuality, community relations and physical). CBT, DBT, ACT and Trauma focused work). Couples at all stages and connections. Open to family and individual interventions and progress focused treatment. Client centered and uniquely motivated for best skill development, emotional support and practice in real time.
This therapist works with children ages 3+ through young adults providing client centered, unique approaches to a wide array of challenges and journey's through the years of development in all life domains (ie; educational, social, family, spiritual, sexuality, community relations and physical). CBT, DBT, ACT and Trauma focused work). Couples at all stages and connections. Open to family and individual interventions and progress focused treatment. Client centered and uniquely motivated for best skill development, emotional support and practice in real time.
(856) 215-5754 View (856) 215-5754
Photo of Fred Gross, PsyD, Psychologist
Fred Gross
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Moorestown, NJ 08057
When you are able to take the time and effort to learn about your responses to difficult situations, you become empowered to make choices. Healing from painful relationships, and facing life's daily challenges, are skills that are often learned by accident. Dealing with unfinished business, and, learning skills to manage stress and loss, at this painful time, can help you to prevent future difficulties. I am most interested in helping people to grow. I am able to bring over 35 years of experience to help you learn more about how to manage difficult feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and relationships.
When you are able to take the time and effort to learn about your responses to difficult situations, you become empowered to make choices. Healing from painful relationships, and facing life's daily challenges, are skills that are often learned by accident. Dealing with unfinished business, and, learning skills to manage stress and loss, at this painful time, can help you to prevent future difficulties. I am most interested in helping people to grow. I am able to bring over 35 years of experience to help you learn more about how to manage difficult feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and relationships.
(856) 485-4461 View (856) 485-4461
Photo of Carole l Gural, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carole l Gural
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
I graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with my Master's degree in Social Work and obtained my clinical license. I have been providing individual, couples and family therapy for 30 years. My areas of expertise include mood and anxiety disorders, grief, low self esteem, relationship problems, infertility and many other issues. I use a variety of treatment modalities tailored to meet the needs of the client. I also offer Equine Assisted Therapy. I have great admiration and compassion for my clients as I recognize the courage it takes to explore challenges in their lives and make changes within themselves.
I graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with my Master's degree in Social Work and obtained my clinical license. I have been providing individual, couples and family therapy for 30 years. My areas of expertise include mood and anxiety disorders, grief, low self esteem, relationship problems, infertility and many other issues. I use a variety of treatment modalities tailored to meet the needs of the client. I also offer Equine Assisted Therapy. I have great admiration and compassion for my clients as I recognize the courage it takes to explore challenges in their lives and make changes within themselves.
(856) 658-1933 View (856) 658-1933
Photo of Sarah Higbee, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Higbee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002
We're here to help you reach your therapy goals at Lifebulb! We’ll connect you with the best possible therapist for your unique goals, someone who genuinely cares about helping you. We’re all about making therapy enjoyable for both therapists and clients. Our team consists of highly trained and licensed clinicians who are passionate about the therapy process. Let's work together to achieve your goals!
We're here to help you reach your therapy goals at Lifebulb! We’ll connect you with the best possible therapist for your unique goals, someone who genuinely cares about helping you. We’re all about making therapy enjoyable for both therapists and clients. Our team consists of highly trained and licensed clinicians who are passionate about the therapy process. Let's work together to achieve your goals!
(856) 351-5557 View (856) 351-5557
Photo of Vanessa Parry Zoog, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Vanessa Parry Zoog
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Moorestown, NJ 08057
At Serenity Counseling, we work to foster growth at every stage of life in a comfortable, relaxing, supportive environment. Our offices in Moorestown, Haddonfield and Cinnaminson offer both in-person and telehealth appointments.
At Serenity Counseling, we work to foster growth at every stage of life in a comfortable, relaxing, supportive environment. Our offices in Moorestown, Haddonfield and Cinnaminson offer both in-person and telehealth appointments.
(856) 666-2929 View (856) 666-2929
Photo of Keyla Carreras, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Keyla Carreras
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hamilton, NJ 08620
I’m a Bilingual Licensed Social Worker (LSW) in the state of New Jersey with a Master’s in Social Work. I am passionate about helping others and am committed to advocating for mental health in marginalized communities. I pride myself on providing compassionate, trauma-informed care to individuals and families. I prioritize collaboration with clients to promote healing, build resilience, and support personal growth in a safe and non-judgmental environment.
I’m a Bilingual Licensed Social Worker (LSW) in the state of New Jersey with a Master’s in Social Work. I am passionate about helping others and am committed to advocating for mental health in marginalized communities. I pride myself on providing compassionate, trauma-informed care to individuals and families. I prioritize collaboration with clients to promote healing, build resilience, and support personal growth in a safe and non-judgmental environment.
(640) 344-5474 View (640) 344-5474
Photo of Amy Kathryn L. Fitzsimmons, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Kathryn L. Fitzsimmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Moorestown, NJ 08057
Poet Mary Oliver said "Are you breathing just a little & calling it a life?" Pursuing wellness can be hard. Discovering that living everyday life doesn't have to feel like survival. I am here to hold space for you. To hold space for all parts of you. Without judgment. Without urgency. Space for the expected & the unexpected. Space to discover the value of curiosity, compassion, & connection.
Poet Mary Oliver said "Are you breathing just a little & calling it a life?" Pursuing wellness can be hard. Discovering that living everyday life doesn't have to feel like survival. I am here to hold space for you. To hold space for all parts of you. Without judgment. Without urgency. Space for the expected & the unexpected. Space to discover the value of curiosity, compassion, & connection.
(856) 452-4392 View (856) 452-4392
Photo of Tara Palma Vourazeris, MSW, LCSW, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tara Palma Vourazeris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
If you are hurting, feeling lost, going through difficult life transitions, experiencing mental health issues, among other things; change is possible! Therapy doesn’t have to feel scary or unattainable. It can be fun and exciting to discover yourself! Sometimes people just need a little help and motivation to realize that they are capable of reaching their upmost potential.
If you are hurting, feeling lost, going through difficult life transitions, experiencing mental health issues, among other things; change is possible! Therapy doesn’t have to feel scary or unattainable. It can be fun and exciting to discover yourself! Sometimes people just need a little help and motivation to realize that they are capable of reaching their upmost potential.
(856) 523-2295 View (856) 523-2295
Photo of Eva Chen, MEd, LAC, LAPC, Counselor
Eva Chen
Counselor, MEd, LAC, LAPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
As an expatriate who deeply values diversity, multiculturalism, and being an ally to the LGBTQIA+ community, I'm committed to incorporating cultural humility and awareness into the therapeutic space. I have supported clients navigating challenges such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationship challenges, grief & loss, childhood trauma, and intersectional identity issues related to race, gender, and sexuality. I offer therapy in both English and Mandarin Chinese.
As an expatriate who deeply values diversity, multiculturalism, and being an ally to the LGBTQIA+ community, I'm committed to incorporating cultural humility and awareness into the therapeutic space. I have supported clients navigating challenges such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationship challenges, grief & loss, childhood trauma, and intersectional identity issues related to race, gender, and sexuality. I offer therapy in both English and Mandarin Chinese.
(215) 709-8291 View (215) 709-8291
Photo of Meredith Messinger, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Meredith Messinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
Therapist in Mount Laurel, New Jersey, Meredith Messinger, MS, LAC Meredith Messinger, MS, LAC I believe in the importance of a strong, non-judgemental therapeutic alliance between my clients and myself. Providing a safe environment with unconditional support and empathy is one of my top priorities. Change can feel scary and appears even more daunting when adding the stressors of everyday life. My goal as a therapist is to help people navigate through past and present struggles while learning new coping mechanisms and addressing change in a positive light.
Therapist in Mount Laurel, New Jersey, Meredith Messinger, MS, LAC Meredith Messinger, MS, LAC I believe in the importance of a strong, non-judgemental therapeutic alliance between my clients and myself. Providing a safe environment with unconditional support and empathy is one of my top priorities. Change can feel scary and appears even more daunting when adding the stressors of everyday life. My goal as a therapist is to help people navigate through past and present struggles while learning new coping mechanisms and addressing change in a positive light.
(609) 757-9659 View (609) 757-9659

See more therapy options for Palmyra

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Palmyra, NJ

< 10

Therapists in Palmyra, NJ who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues
67% Child
67% Grief

Average years in practice

22 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Palmyra, NJ see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Palmyra?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.