Therapists in Newark, NJ

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Photo of Caitlin Northern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Caitlin Northern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07104
Caitlin is a seasoned therapist with over a decade of experience who is dedicated to help guide you on your journey to healing and personal growth. She specializes in helping children, adults, and families to not only address issues like anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, behavioral problems (child/teen), and autism, but to find their overall path towards happiness and well-being. Her expertise further extends to complex trauma and loss with a deep understanding of attachment-related issues. Her understanding of Child and Family Studies makes her exceptionally well-prepared to address issues at the individual and environmental levels.
Caitlin is a seasoned therapist with over a decade of experience who is dedicated to help guide you on your journey to healing and personal growth. She specializes in helping children, adults, and families to not only address issues like anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, behavioral problems (child/teen), and autism, but to find their overall path towards happiness and well-being. Her expertise further extends to complex trauma and loss with a deep understanding of attachment-related issues. Her understanding of Child and Family Studies makes her exceptionally well-prepared to address issues at the individual and environmental levels.
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Photo of Caitlin Northern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Caitlin Northern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07105
Caitlin is a seasoned therapist with over a decade of experience who is dedicated to help guide you on your journey to healing and personal growth. She specializes in helping children, adults, and families to not only address issues like anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, behavioral problems (child/teen), and autism, but to find their overall path towards happiness and well-being. Her expertise further extends to complex trauma and loss with a deep understanding of attachment-related issues. Her understanding of Child and Family Studies makes her exceptionally well-prepared to address issues at the individual and environmental levels.
Caitlin is a seasoned therapist with over a decade of experience who is dedicated to help guide you on your journey to healing and personal growth. She specializes in helping children, adults, and families to not only address issues like anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, behavioral problems (child/teen), and autism, but to find their overall path towards happiness and well-being. Her expertise further extends to complex trauma and loss with a deep understanding of attachment-related issues. Her understanding of Child and Family Studies makes her exceptionally well-prepared to address issues at the individual and environmental levels.
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Photo of Jackie Gambardella, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jackie Gambardella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm Jackie Gambardella, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of New Jersey. I specialize in providing therapeutic care to adults dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues. I also have extensive experience working with the LGBTQ+ community, and I am passionate about offering support in a way that is affirming, inclusive, and non-judgmental. I earned my Bachelor of Social Work from Castleton University and my Master of Social Work from Stony Brook University.
I'm Jackie Gambardella, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of New Jersey. I specialize in providing therapeutic care to adults dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues. I also have extensive experience working with the LGBTQ+ community, and I am passionate about offering support in a way that is affirming, inclusive, and non-judgmental. I earned my Bachelor of Social Work from Castleton University and my Master of Social Work from Stony Brook University.
(908) 540-6259 View (908) 540-6259
Photo of Rosa Pacheco Uscanga - Rosa Pacheco Uscanga - NOCD, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Rosa Pacheco Uscanga - NOCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Living with OCD can be incredibly challenging, often leading to years of silent suffering due to misdiagnosis and misunderstanding. Having listened to many OCD intrusive thoughts over the years, I can assure you that nothing you share will surprise me. My personal experience with therapy has shown me the importance of a compassionate approach. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental environment where you feel heard and understood. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment specifically for OCD. Our deep understanding of the complexities of OCD enables us to accurately diagnose and treat it.
Living with OCD can be incredibly challenging, often leading to years of silent suffering due to misdiagnosis and misunderstanding. Having listened to many OCD intrusive thoughts over the years, I can assure you that nothing you share will surprise me. My personal experience with therapy has shown me the importance of a compassionate approach. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental environment where you feel heard and understood. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment specifically for OCD. Our deep understanding of the complexities of OCD enables us to accurately diagnose and treat it.
(973) 791-6374 View (973) 791-6374
Photo of Monica Natarajan - Monica Natarajan - NOCD, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
Monica Natarajan - NOCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My approach to treating OCD is collaborative and empathetic. I pride myself on empowering the people I work with. Throughout my life, I've had a natural inclination toward listening to and empathizing with individuals struggling with mental health conditions and life transitions. At NOCD, my team and I provide personalized and effective specialized treatment for OCD and related conditions, such as BFRBs (including skin-picking, nail-biting, and hair-pulling). Our deep understanding of the nuances of OCD and related conditions enables us to diagnose and treat them properly.
My approach to treating OCD is collaborative and empathetic. I pride myself on empowering the people I work with. Throughout my life, I've had a natural inclination toward listening to and empathizing with individuals struggling with mental health conditions and life transitions. At NOCD, my team and I provide personalized and effective specialized treatment for OCD and related conditions, such as BFRBs (including skin-picking, nail-biting, and hair-pulling). Our deep understanding of the nuances of OCD and related conditions enables us to diagnose and treat them properly.
(848) 294-3459 View (848) 294-3459
Photo of Musa Ahmad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, CCS, CCTP-II, C-DBT
Musa Ahmad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, CCS, CCTP-II, C-DBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07102
I work with clients who have histories of trauma varying in severity. This can look like trouble with regulating and making sense of emotions. In terms of diagnoses, I often work with clients with PTSD, depression, anxiety, manic episodes, and dissociation. My clients want to regain their sense of agency. My clients become more aware of the connection between current behavioral tendencies and pivotal events from their past. My clients become comfortable feeling uncomfortable exploring issues and experiencing the emotions that arise. My ideal clients understand that progress is dependent on dedication and consistency. Very possible.
I work with clients who have histories of trauma varying in severity. This can look like trouble with regulating and making sense of emotions. In terms of diagnoses, I often work with clients with PTSD, depression, anxiety, manic episodes, and dissociation. My clients want to regain their sense of agency. My clients become more aware of the connection between current behavioral tendencies and pivotal events from their past. My clients become comfortable feeling uncomfortable exploring issues and experiencing the emotions that arise. My ideal clients understand that progress is dependent on dedication and consistency. Very possible.
(862) 701-4394 View (862) 701-4394
Photo of Eileen Madden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Eileen Madden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or life transitions? Perhaps you're struggling with eating disorders, relationship challenges, or trauma and want to break free from negative patterns. You may feel stuck, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. Your goal is to regain balance, build self-compassion, and find a sense of peace and fulfillment. You want tools to manage your emotions, navigate challenges with confidence, and create meaningful change.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or life transitions? Perhaps you're struggling with eating disorders, relationship challenges, or trauma and want to break free from negative patterns. You may feel stuck, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. Your goal is to regain balance, build self-compassion, and find a sense of peace and fulfillment. You want tools to manage your emotions, navigate challenges with confidence, and create meaningful change.
(609) 281-8764 View (609) 281-8764
Photo of Yelitza Garcia, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Yelitza Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07105
Feeling stuck in relationship struggles, trust issues, or emotional ups and downs—whether for yourself or your child? You don’t have to figure it out alone. Therapy is a space to untangle the chaos, break unhealthy patterns, and build the life you want. I help individuals and families who are ready for real change—more clarity, confidence, and deeper connections. If any of this resonates, know that you’re not alone—we can take the first step together.
Feeling stuck in relationship struggles, trust issues, or emotional ups and downs—whether for yourself or your child? You don’t have to figure it out alone. Therapy is a space to untangle the chaos, break unhealthy patterns, and build the life you want. I help individuals and families who are ready for real change—more clarity, confidence, and deeper connections. If any of this resonates, know that you’re not alone—we can take the first step together.
(201) 292-0497 View (201) 292-0497
Photo of Schaune D Gamble, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Schaune D Gamble
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07102
I believe that personal change takes courage and is a transformative process. In my practice I utilize an eclectic approach which is individualized to each person. I utilize long term and short term platforms depending on a persons needs and preferences.
I believe that personal change takes courage and is a transformative process. In my practice I utilize an eclectic approach which is individualized to each person. I utilize long term and short term platforms depending on a persons needs and preferences.
(973) 554-3025 View (973) 554-3025
Photo of Melissa Enzor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, QS
Melissa Enzor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, QS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
A safe person to walk alongside you, provide extra support & guidance for you to sort through life when it is overwhelm. I believe that a positive SHIFT is waiting to happen! Your Purpose, Your Life’s Meaning is yours to declare and fully Embody. Life isn't easy at times! I can help. Do you have anxiety and/or depression? Are you struggling with a relationship, or breakup? Worries, anxiety, stress, depression, communication issues, couples and adolescents are my specialty. Allow me the privilege to join you on this magnificent journey into Being You! One positive SHIFT at a time.
A safe person to walk alongside you, provide extra support & guidance for you to sort through life when it is overwhelm. I believe that a positive SHIFT is waiting to happen! Your Purpose, Your Life’s Meaning is yours to declare and fully Embody. Life isn't easy at times! I can help. Do you have anxiety and/or depression? Are you struggling with a relationship, or breakup? Worries, anxiety, stress, depression, communication issues, couples and adolescents are my specialty. Allow me the privilege to join you on this magnificent journey into Being You! One positive SHIFT at a time.
(813) 444-3747 View (813) 444-3747
Photo of Aleya Farrell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LCSW
Aleya Farrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LCSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07102
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
(973) 846-9780 View (973) 846-9780
S. Badger Empowerment and Consulting Services, LLC
MSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I provide a warm, supportive, non judgmental and safe environment. Our sessions sessions will be based on your specific needs so you can become full filled and reached your goals. I specialize in challenges related to trauma, burnout, parenting, relationships, women issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, teenage years and early adulthood.
I provide a warm, supportive, non judgmental and safe environment. Our sessions sessions will be based on your specific needs so you can become full filled and reached your goals. I specialize in challenges related to trauma, burnout, parenting, relationships, women issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, teenage years and early adulthood.
(973) 576-5477 x2 View (973) 576-5477 x2
Photo of Victoria B Waring, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, M-CASAC
Victoria B Waring
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, M-CASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You deserve to have a life free of anxiety, sadness, flashbacks from past crises and conflicts in relationships. Share your troubles with me so I can strengthen and empower you to help you manage your worries. I work w Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Grief, Bipolar DO, Stress, Anxiety , Relationship issues , Family conflicts , Trauma and abuse , Intimacy-related issues , Sleeping disorders , Anger management , Self esteem , Depression , Coping with life changes , Compassion fatigue , ADHD , Codependency , Communication Problems , Divorce and Separation , Family Problems , Forgiveness , Guilt and Shame. I am also certified in EMDR
You deserve to have a life free of anxiety, sadness, flashbacks from past crises and conflicts in relationships. Share your troubles with me so I can strengthen and empower you to help you manage your worries. I work w Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Grief, Bipolar DO, Stress, Anxiety , Relationship issues , Family conflicts , Trauma and abuse , Intimacy-related issues , Sleeping disorders , Anger management , Self esteem , Depression , Coping with life changes , Compassion fatigue , ADHD , Codependency , Communication Problems , Divorce and Separation , Family Problems , Forgiveness , Guilt and Shame. I am also certified in EMDR
(929) 577-4570 View (929) 577-4570
Photo of Karla Charles - Karla Charles - NOCD, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Karla Charles - NOCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
From a young age, I've been discovering solutions to issues for individuals in my surroundings. What proved to be difficult and demanding for many, I discovered was natural for me and gratifying as I matured. Serving others in this capacity is not solely my profession—it's my calling. At NOCD, my team and I provide personalized and effective specialized treatment for OCD and related conditions, such as BFRBs (including skin-picking, nail-biting, and hair-pulling). Our understanding of the nuances of these conditions enables us to diagnose and treat them properly.
From a young age, I've been discovering solutions to issues for individuals in my surroundings. What proved to be difficult and demanding for many, I discovered was natural for me and gratifying as I matured. Serving others in this capacity is not solely my profession—it's my calling. At NOCD, my team and I provide personalized and effective specialized treatment for OCD and related conditions, such as BFRBs (including skin-picking, nail-biting, and hair-pulling). Our understanding of the nuances of these conditions enables us to diagnose and treat them properly.
(973) 798-9427 View (973) 798-9427
Photo of Cristina Nicolau - Cristina Nicolau - NOCD, Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Cristina Nicolau - NOCD
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I started my career as a high school math teacher and developed an interest in supporting students beyond academics, leading me to become a school counselor. This experience inspired me to pursue a license as a counselor. My approach to therapy is empathetic, curious, and supportive. Working with people affected by OCD has been very rewarding, which led me to specialize in this area. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for people with OCD. Our deep understanding of OCD enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
I started my career as a high school math teacher and developed an interest in supporting students beyond academics, leading me to become a school counselor. This experience inspired me to pursue a license as a counselor. My approach to therapy is empathetic, curious, and supportive. Working with people affected by OCD has been very rewarding, which led me to specialize in this area. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for people with OCD. Our deep understanding of OCD enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
(973) 791-9869 View (973) 791-9869
Photo of Angelica V Romero, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Angelica V Romero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
It is so hard to try to tell your life story to a stranger; just know I'm here to help you find the strength you thought you lost that is hiding deep in you. We will work together to help you achieve your goals and reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy will help create the needed change.
It is so hard to try to tell your life story to a stranger; just know I'm here to help you find the strength you thought you lost that is hiding deep in you. We will work together to help you achieve your goals and reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy will help create the needed change.
(908) 774-9807 View (908) 774-9807
Photo of Joycelet Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Joycelet Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
You are living in changing times with great possibilities for an exciting life. You have unlimited opportunities for personal growth and achieving optimal physical, mental, spiritual and emotional health. You can achieve a balanced life. Embrace life’s possibilities and give yourself a chance to grow in your life and your career. Do not allow life obstacles, fear or "feeling stuck" to get in your way of attaining the best results for yourself and your life.
You are living in changing times with great possibilities for an exciting life. You have unlimited opportunities for personal growth and achieving optimal physical, mental, spiritual and emotional health. You can achieve a balanced life. Embrace life’s possibilities and give yourself a chance to grow in your life and your career. Do not allow life obstacles, fear or "feeling stuck" to get in your way of attaining the best results for yourself and your life.
(862) 314-7289 View (862) 314-7289
Photo of Sunyana Benjamin - Breaking The Cycle Counseling & Coaching, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Breaking The Cycle Counseling & Coaching, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I want to help first generation immigrant women because the struggles and challenges are unique. It is very difficult to find a therapist who has also experienced the generational/cultural views that often impede on our growth. It is very troublesome when we are trying to stay in tune with our cultural values while being modernized by American culture. First Generation Immigrants often feel the struggle of maintaining a balance and feeling inadequate because of unique morals.
I want to help first generation immigrant women because the struggles and challenges are unique. It is very difficult to find a therapist who has also experienced the generational/cultural views that often impede on our growth. It is very troublesome when we are trying to stay in tune with our cultural values while being modernized by American culture. First Generation Immigrants often feel the struggle of maintaining a balance and feeling inadequate because of unique morals.
(215) 798-7330 View (215) 798-7330
Photo of Alexander Arici, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Alexander Arici
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am Alexander "Alex" Arici, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 4 years of experience specializing in treating individuals experiencing anxiety, panic attacks, PTSD, depression, personality disorders, and more. I am particularly passionate about supporting youth, young adults, and individuals navigating life transitions, including those in middle and late adulthood. I completed my Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Montclair State University.
I am Alexander "Alex" Arici, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 4 years of experience specializing in treating individuals experiencing anxiety, panic attacks, PTSD, depression, personality disorders, and more. I am particularly passionate about supporting youth, young adults, and individuals navigating life transitions, including those in middle and late adulthood. I completed my Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Montclair State University.
(908) 867-9635 View (908) 867-9635
Photo of Shari S. Kerr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shari S. Kerr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I work with individuals ready to reclaim their peace and live with purpose—no more settling and no more second-guessing. Whether you are navigating anxiety, untangling past trauma, adjusting to major life changes, or figuring out family dynamics, I am here to help you take charge and show up fully for yourself. My personal mantra is "living life on purpose, with purpose". I approach life with a grateful mindset and encourage individuals to reclaim authority over their peace and happiness.
I work with individuals ready to reclaim their peace and live with purpose—no more settling and no more second-guessing. Whether you are navigating anxiety, untangling past trauma, adjusting to major life changes, or figuring out family dynamics, I am here to help you take charge and show up fully for yourself. My personal mantra is "living life on purpose, with purpose". I approach life with a grateful mindset and encourage individuals to reclaim authority over their peace and happiness.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Newark, NJ

500+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Newark, NJ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
72% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
62% Relationship Issues
61% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
84% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Newark, NJ see their clients

68% Online Only
32% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Newark?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.