Therapists in Lincoln Park, NJ

Photo of Loretta Bouchard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Loretta Bouchard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lincoln Park, NJ 07035
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years experience, providing counseling to individuals and families. I have worked in many different settings, from hospitals, inpatient units, intensive outpatient to working for the military. I have extensive experience working with adolescents and adults with various presenting problems. My treatment style is solution focused and my goal is to help the client gain greater insight into their problems/behaviors. I have a warm, supportive, but direct style in working with my clients. It is with understanding and knowledge that my clients can find direction and make healthy, lasting and positive changes.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years experience, providing counseling to individuals and families. I have worked in many different settings, from hospitals, inpatient units, intensive outpatient to working for the military. I have extensive experience working with adolescents and adults with various presenting problems. My treatment style is solution focused and my goal is to help the client gain greater insight into their problems/behaviors. I have a warm, supportive, but direct style in working with my clients. It is with understanding and knowledge that my clients can find direction and make healthy, lasting and positive changes.
(973) 937-7755 View (973) 937-7755
Photo of Haley Grimes, LAC
Haley Grimes
Associate Counselor , LAC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I’ve love having meaningful conversations with people, especially about the things that make them feel confident and helping them grow in areas where confidence might be harder to find.
I’ve love having meaningful conversations with people, especially about the things that make them feel confident and helping them grow in areas where confidence might be harder to find.
(862) 453-8908 View (862) 453-8908
Photo of Judy Green, PsyD, Psychologist
Judy Green
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lincoln Park, NJ 07035
My philosophy is that in order for change to occur a trusting relationship is the most important component. I strive to make my clients feel comfortable and safe. I see the client-provider relationship as the hallmark for change. I empower my clients to figure out where they are not being genuine, how this contributes to their mental health challenges, and to make changes that will help contribute meaningfulness to their lives.
My philosophy is that in order for change to occur a trusting relationship is the most important component. I strive to make my clients feel comfortable and safe. I see the client-provider relationship as the hallmark for change. I empower my clients to figure out where they are not being genuine, how this contributes to their mental health challenges, and to make changes that will help contribute meaningfulness to their lives.
(973) 221-8691 View (973) 221-8691
Nadine Jordan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Lincoln Park, NJ 07035
Psychotherapy has the greatest impact when it is collaborative and interactive. I provide a safe, supportive, empowering space where, together, we can explore and untangle those elements of life that challenge you. Learning how to manage stressors, break old patterns, set healthy boundaries, and weather the upsets of life through self-care, mindfulness, and self-compassion, will be some of the main goals of our work together. Therapy is about identifying your strengths and learning how to integrate your experiences - especially the traumatic ones - in service of building a fuller, more confident, and most authentic sense of self.
Psychotherapy has the greatest impact when it is collaborative and interactive. I provide a safe, supportive, empowering space where, together, we can explore and untangle those elements of life that challenge you. Learning how to manage stressors, break old patterns, set healthy boundaries, and weather the upsets of life through self-care, mindfulness, and self-compassion, will be some of the main goals of our work together. Therapy is about identifying your strengths and learning how to integrate your experiences - especially the traumatic ones - in service of building a fuller, more confident, and most authentic sense of self.
(973) 545-7512 View (973) 545-7512
Photo of Adrienne Nelson, LPC, Counselor
Adrienne Nelson
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal psychotherapy client is someone who is actively seeking growth and self-improvement, even if they’re uncertain of how to get there. You might be struggling with anxiety, self-doubt, or feelings of stagnation. I can help you feel more balanced, confident, and at peace with yourself. Through therapy, you will manage stress more effectively, reduce anxiety, and break free from patterns of negative self-talk or self-sabotage. We will work together to gain a sense of control over your life - freedom from the internal struggles that have been holding you back, along with a clear path to becoming the person you want to be.
My ideal psychotherapy client is someone who is actively seeking growth and self-improvement, even if they’re uncertain of how to get there. You might be struggling with anxiety, self-doubt, or feelings of stagnation. I can help you feel more balanced, confident, and at peace with yourself. Through therapy, you will manage stress more effectively, reduce anxiety, and break free from patterns of negative self-talk or self-sabotage. We will work together to gain a sense of control over your life - freedom from the internal struggles that have been holding you back, along with a clear path to becoming the person you want to be.
(973) 310-5661 View (973) 310-5661
Photo of Vivian Gemian, LPC, LCADC, ACS, Counselor
Vivian Gemian
Counselor, LPC, LCADC, ACS
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life can be challenging; feeling isolated or overwhelmed is difficult. Whatever you may be experiencing; anxiety, grief, depression, loneliness, low self-worth, low self-esteem, communication or relationship challenges; together we can "peel away the onion" towards a more satisfying life becoming self-empowered to meet life challenges and do so using a more positive automatic thinking process. Together we will uncover your strengths and establish effective coping strategies for everyday use. Never losing site of HOPE is key; together we will build upon your strengths and learned skills and build the YOU that you desire!
Life can be challenging; feeling isolated or overwhelmed is difficult. Whatever you may be experiencing; anxiety, grief, depression, loneliness, low self-worth, low self-esteem, communication or relationship challenges; together we can "peel away the onion" towards a more satisfying life becoming self-empowered to meet life challenges and do so using a more positive automatic thinking process. Together we will uncover your strengths and establish effective coping strategies for everyday use. Never losing site of HOPE is key; together we will build upon your strengths and learned skills and build the YOU that you desire!
(973) 833-4925 View (973) 833-4925
Cherilyn Balchan Paladino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, MSW, LSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over fifteen years of experience working with adults, children, and families. I provide individual, couples, and family therapy. I work with children, adolescents, and adults. I have extensive experience working with survivors of trauma (children and adults), child abuse and neglect, domestic abuse, foster/adoption issues, parenting, relationship issues, depression, and anxiety. I have worked in crisis centers, children's system of care, adult and children's group homes, ran therapeutic and psycho-educational groups, and have done intensive in home clinical work.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over fifteen years of experience working with adults, children, and families. I provide individual, couples, and family therapy. I work with children, adolescents, and adults. I have extensive experience working with survivors of trauma (children and adults), child abuse and neglect, domestic abuse, foster/adoption issues, parenting, relationship issues, depression, and anxiety. I have worked in crisis centers, children's system of care, adult and children's group homes, ran therapeutic and psycho-educational groups, and have done intensive in home clinical work.
(201) 580-2918 View (201) 580-2918
Photo of Eli Muhrer - Charlie Health
Charlie Health
Verified Verified
Online Only
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-nj
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-nj
(973) 319-8458 View (973) 319-8458
Photo of Loreen Adamo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Loreen Adamo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lincoln Park, NJ 07035
My passion is guiding clients toward healthier lifestyle choices and increase their effectiveness. Our goal is to help gain insight into the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are preventing them from achieving their full potential. The majority of my treatment experience is working with adults, adolescents, families and couples in a private practice setting. I've developed expertise following my passion to support clients and family members working through substance abuse issues, mood disorders, and trauma. I treat each client as an individual in a comfortable, supportive environment where clients will feel respected.
My passion is guiding clients toward healthier lifestyle choices and increase their effectiveness. Our goal is to help gain insight into the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are preventing them from achieving their full potential. The majority of my treatment experience is working with adults, adolescents, families and couples in a private practice setting. I've developed expertise following my passion to support clients and family members working through substance abuse issues, mood disorders, and trauma. I treat each client as an individual in a comfortable, supportive environment where clients will feel respected.
(704) 327-3382 View (704) 327-3382
Photo of Erin Bennington, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erin Bennington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Lincoln Park, NJ 07035
There's no sugarcoating it-life is tough. But in taking this first, courageous step in seeking help, I believe that you are too. Whether you're dealing with the loss of a loved one, a relationship, or job-or experiencing a difficult life transition- know that your situation does not define you, and that it's possible to not only stand up amidst the storms that rage around you...but to emerge even stronger than before. I know because I've been there, and I'm here to stand with you.
There's no sugarcoating it-life is tough. But in taking this first, courageous step in seeking help, I believe that you are too. Whether you're dealing with the loss of a loved one, a relationship, or job-or experiencing a difficult life transition- know that your situation does not define you, and that it's possible to not only stand up amidst the storms that rage around you...but to emerge even stronger than before. I know because I've been there, and I'm here to stand with you.
(973) 321-3687 View (973) 321-3687
Photo of Jasmine Knaus, LAC, Counselor
Jasmine Knaus
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lincoln Park, NJ 07035
As a Licensed Associate Counselor, I am dedicated to creating a supportive and transformative therapeutic space where individuals and couples can explore their deepest challenges and unlock their potential for growth. My approach is fundamentally relational, believing that healing occurs through genuine connection and understanding. Specializing in working with teens, young adults, and couples, I bring a compassionate and nuanced perspective to addressing complex emotional experiences, including anxiety, depression, grief, loss, and significant life transitions. I am committed to honoring the unique journey of each client.
As a Licensed Associate Counselor, I am dedicated to creating a supportive and transformative therapeutic space where individuals and couples can explore their deepest challenges and unlock their potential for growth. My approach is fundamentally relational, believing that healing occurs through genuine connection and understanding. Specializing in working with teens, young adults, and couples, I bring a compassionate and nuanced perspective to addressing complex emotional experiences, including anxiety, depression, grief, loss, and significant life transitions. I am committed to honoring the unique journey of each client.
(908) 883-3874 View (908) 883-3874
Photo of Maureen Gaffney, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maureen Gaffney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, worried or looking to increase your happiness? Sometimes, life events and stress can make everyday activities seem overwhelming and beyond reach. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults utilizing a variety of techniques to address anxiety, depression and other behavioral and emotional disorders. In our sessions, any thought or feeling that arises will be met with respect and unconditional support as we explore it's significance in your life. I welcome the opportunity to work collaboratively with you to achieve all of your life goals! One Small Change can Lead to Great Results!
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, worried or looking to increase your happiness? Sometimes, life events and stress can make everyday activities seem overwhelming and beyond reach. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults utilizing a variety of techniques to address anxiety, depression and other behavioral and emotional disorders. In our sessions, any thought or feeling that arises will be met with respect and unconditional support as we explore it's significance in your life. I welcome the opportunity to work collaboratively with you to achieve all of your life goals! One Small Change can Lead to Great Results!
(862) 239-5401 View (862) 239-5401
Photo of Karen Bendig, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Bendig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Finding the right therapist can be challenging. I strive to make the process as easy as possible to help ease your mind. I have years of experience in community mental health and as a Child and Adolescent and Family Therapist. I have worked with children, teens, adults, and families helping to improve communication and decrease conflict. I believe that change is hard and uncomfortable, but with support you can make hard changes.
Finding the right therapist can be challenging. I strive to make the process as easy as possible to help ease your mind. I have years of experience in community mental health and as a Child and Adolescent and Family Therapist. I have worked with children, teens, adults, and families helping to improve communication and decrease conflict. I believe that change is hard and uncomfortable, but with support you can make hard changes.
(973) 221-8519 View (973) 221-8519
Photo of James Korman, PsyD, ACT, Psychologist
James Korman
Psychologist, PsyD, ACT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist authorized to provide telepsychology services to 44 states under the authorization of PSYPACT. I was trained at the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research and certified in cognitive behavioral therapy, clinical CBT supervision, and a Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (academyofct.org) where I also serve on their Board of Directors. I am was a member of the Steering Committee for the NJ-Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists whose mission is to educate local professionals on CBT.
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist authorized to provide telepsychology services to 44 states under the authorization of PSYPACT. I was trained at the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research and certified in cognitive behavioral therapy, clinical CBT supervision, and a Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (academyofct.org) where I also serve on their Board of Directors. I am was a member of the Steering Committee for the NJ-Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists whose mission is to educate local professionals on CBT.
(973) 694-2022 View (973) 694-2022
Photo of Patricia C Boldt, LCSW, ACSW, C-ASWCM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia C Boldt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, C-ASWCM
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck in life, struggling with anxiety, ADHD, or navigating a challenging life transition? If so, I’m here to support you. Whether you’re dealing with trauma, educational issues, or simply need help moving forward, I offer a space where we can focus on your goals and work toward the changes you want to see. Together, we’ll create a plan that’s tailored to your needs and your path to healing.
Are you feeling stuck in life, struggling with anxiety, ADHD, or navigating a challenging life transition? If so, I’m here to support you. Whether you’re dealing with trauma, educational issues, or simply need help moving forward, I offer a space where we can focus on your goals and work toward the changes you want to see. Together, we’ll create a plan that’s tailored to your needs and your path to healing.
(848) 331-2598 View (848) 331-2598
Photo of Jay Hartman, MSW, LCSW, CSAT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jay Hartman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSAT
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Are you feeling stuck? Stuck in a relationship that is not working; Stuck trying to work things out in the same way and getting nowhere fast; Stuck in a job where you're not appreciated, or without a job and don't know what to do next; Stuck in your inability to express your fears and insecurities because that's not "manly"; Stuck in a negative view of yourself and don't know how to appreciate who you are. Change is difficult, but not impossible! You are not alone; Let me help empower you to make the changes you desire.
Are you feeling stuck? Stuck in a relationship that is not working; Stuck trying to work things out in the same way and getting nowhere fast; Stuck in a job where you're not appreciated, or without a job and don't know what to do next; Stuck in your inability to express your fears and insecurities because that's not "manly"; Stuck in a negative view of yourself and don't know how to appreciate who you are. Change is difficult, but not impossible! You are not alone; Let me help empower you to make the changes you desire.
(973) 317-8205 View (973) 317-8205
Photo of Kardelen Dogan, MSc, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kardelen Dogan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! I'm "Kardi" Dogan, a Licensed Professional Counselor licensed in both Texas and New Jersey and the owner of Blue Jay Therapy, LLC. As someone who understands the ups and downs of the immigration journey, I'm here to offer you support and guidance. Immigrating to a new country is overwhelming, from navigating legal complexities to adjusting to a new lifestyle. Whether you're feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or just need someone to talk to, I'm here to help.
Hello! I'm "Kardi" Dogan, a Licensed Professional Counselor licensed in both Texas and New Jersey and the owner of Blue Jay Therapy, LLC. As someone who understands the ups and downs of the immigration journey, I'm here to offer you support and guidance. Immigrating to a new country is overwhelming, from navigating legal complexities to adjusting to a new lifestyle. Whether you're feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or just need someone to talk to, I'm here to help.
(832) 864-9611 View (832) 864-9611
Photo of Anneli Riismaa, PsyD, Psychologist
Anneli Riismaa
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Physical, sexual and mental abuse as well trauma history, domestic violence, communication and relationship improvement, problems arising from pornography, and depression are a some topics that I have focused my practice on. Success in therapy is ultimately the result of the collaboration of you and I - the client and the therapist. There are no set number of sessions. You are a unique individual and you work at your own pace. I am committed to working with your needs and timetables.
Physical, sexual and mental abuse as well trauma history, domestic violence, communication and relationship improvement, problems arising from pornography, and depression are a some topics that I have focused my practice on. Success in therapy is ultimately the result of the collaboration of you and I - the client and the therapist. There are no set number of sessions. You are a unique individual and you work at your own pace. I am committed to working with your needs and timetables.
(224) 291-9171 View (224) 291-9171

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mary Helen B Kellam, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Helen B Kellam
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Sparta, NJ 07871
I have over 20 years experience working in the field of counseling. I am also a Divorce Mediator. I serve adolescents and adults. I am a certified EMDR therapist and specialize in serving those who have experienced trauma. Other issues that I can assist you with includes: emotional difficulties (including but not limited to anxiety and depression), relationship problems, issues related to grief and loss, life transition issues. When life presents us with challenges such as these, it can help to know that you are not alone. I consider it a privilege to help you through your journey, whatever path you are on!
I have over 20 years experience working in the field of counseling. I am also a Divorce Mediator. I serve adolescents and adults. I am a certified EMDR therapist and specialize in serving those who have experienced trauma. Other issues that I can assist you with includes: emotional difficulties (including but not limited to anxiety and depression), relationship problems, issues related to grief and loss, life transition issues. When life presents us with challenges such as these, it can help to know that you are not alone. I consider it a privilege to help you through your journey, whatever path you are on!
(201) 374-7726 View (201) 374-7726
Photo of Kristina Artimova, LPC, ACS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristina Artimova
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ACS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parsippany, NJ 07054
Do you feel unhappy? Are "I am not good enough" thoughts bothering you? If so, you are taking the first step in improving the quality of your life. There are many stressful things you may be dealing with such as conflicts in relationships, uncertainties about the future, or struggling with change. Therapy is a great outlet and resource to get you back to living your life. We will work together in identifying your needs to help you begin living life on your terms. Change is possible and you don't have to do it alone.
Do you feel unhappy? Are "I am not good enough" thoughts bothering you? If so, you are taking the first step in improving the quality of your life. There are many stressful things you may be dealing with such as conflicts in relationships, uncertainties about the future, or struggling with change. Therapy is a great outlet and resource to get you back to living your life. We will work together in identifying your needs to help you begin living life on your terms. Change is possible and you don't have to do it alone.
(973) 457-4806 View (973) 457-4806

See more therapy options for Lincoln Park

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lincoln Park, NJ

10+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Lincoln Park, NJ who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
94% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
78% Grief
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
72% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

23 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
89% Aetna
89% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Lincoln Park, NJ see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lincoln Park?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.