Therapists in Jersey City, NJ

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Photo of Daniella Franov Gregory, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Daniella Franov Gregory
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Online Only
My ideal client currently feels stuck and wants that to change. Whether you feel stuck from from anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or substance use, you want to find relief and direction. You may feel overwhelmed or disconnected but are ready to explore what’s holding you back. You as a client would seek a supportive, nonjudgmental space to build healthier coping skills, improve emotional balance, and live more authentically. Together, we will work towards helping you feel empowered, grounded, and aligned with your values so you can create a more fulfilling life.
My ideal client currently feels stuck and wants that to change. Whether you feel stuck from from anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or substance use, you want to find relief and direction. You may feel overwhelmed or disconnected but are ready to explore what’s holding you back. You as a client would seek a supportive, nonjudgmental space to build healthier coping skills, improve emotional balance, and live more authentically. Together, we will work towards helping you feel empowered, grounded, and aligned with your values so you can create a more fulfilling life.
(551) 231-8822 View (551) 231-8822
Photo of Amy Stephanie Ronquillo, Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Amy Stephanie Ronquillo
Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Online Only
Managing burnout, panic attacks, or anxiety can feel exhausting, especially when you are also holding together a demanding career and a full personal life. You do not have to carry this alone. I work with high achieving Millennial professionals who feel burned out, anxious, and ready to reclaim their energy and sense of calm. Together we look at what is really driving the exhaustion, whether it is hustle culture, digital overwhelm, or years of putting everyone else first, and build a plan that fits your whole self, mind and body.
Managing burnout, panic attacks, or anxiety can feel exhausting, especially when you are also holding together a demanding career and a full personal life. You do not have to carry this alone. I work with high achieving Millennial professionals who feel burned out, anxious, and ready to reclaim their energy and sense of calm. Together we look at what is really driving the exhaustion, whether it is hustle culture, digital overwhelm, or years of putting everyone else first, and build a plan that fits your whole self, mind and body.
(973) 874-1087 View (973) 874-1087
Photo of Sarah Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jersey City, NJ 07302
Sarah, a graduate of Kean University in New Jersey with a Master’s in Social Work in 2005, has achieved significant milestones in her career, making her a seasoned professional in the field. Not only is she qualified to supervise Social Work interns, but she also holds the expertise to guide Licensed Social Workers on their journey to clinical licensure.
Sarah, a graduate of Kean University in New Jersey with a Master’s in Social Work in 2005, has achieved significant milestones in her career, making her a seasoned professional in the field. Not only is she qualified to supervise Social Work interns, but she also holds the expertise to guide Licensed Social Workers on their journey to clinical licensure.
(862) 282-1720 View (862) 282-1720
Photo of Daphinee Austin, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Daphinee Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
13 Endorsed
Jersey City, NJ 07302
Is your daughter feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or not like herself lately? You don’t have to navigate it alone. I specialize in working with girls and their families as they move through anxiety, emotional ups and downs, self-esteem challenges, and life transitions. Therapy offers a space to slow things down, make sense of what’s coming up, and feel more grounded.With girls, I create a warm, supportive environment where they can express themselves freely through conversation, creativity, and guidance. I help them build confidence, understand their emotions, and develop healthy coping skills.
Is your daughter feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or not like herself lately? You don’t have to navigate it alone. I specialize in working with girls and their families as they move through anxiety, emotional ups and downs, self-esteem challenges, and life transitions. Therapy offers a space to slow things down, make sense of what’s coming up, and feel more grounded.With girls, I create a warm, supportive environment where they can express themselves freely through conversation, creativity, and guidance. I help them build confidence, understand their emotions, and develop healthy coping skills.
(862) 398-0910 View (862) 398-0910
Photo of Alexandra Axel, Licensed Social Worker, LCSW
Alexandra Axel
Licensed Social Worker, LCSW
Jersey City, NJ 07302
I am an agender, queer, abolitionist therapist. I believe that transformation is possible for anyone willing to do the work, and healing can begin anywhere. My approach is primarily informed by somatic practices for trauma healing. This means that we will work with your thoughts, emotions, memories, and physical form/sensations to release unprocessed stress and/or trauma. The therapuetic relationship we establish will be collaborative and it will be a great playground to try build communication and relational skills.
I am an agender, queer, abolitionist therapist. I believe that transformation is possible for anyone willing to do the work, and healing can begin anywhere. My approach is primarily informed by somatic practices for trauma healing. This means that we will work with your thoughts, emotions, memories, and physical form/sensations to release unprocessed stress and/or trauma. The therapuetic relationship we establish will be collaborative and it will be a great playground to try build communication and relational skills.
(201) 849-1066 View (201) 849-1066
Photo of Michael Zachmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Michael Zachmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello and welcome to my Psychology Today page! My name is Michael Zachmann, and I am a psychotherapist who has experience working with young adults and teens, supporting them through change, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I like to take a strengths-based approach that focuses on an individual's innate power to change. I strive to create a judgment-free and comfortable environment for all my clients. I believe in the power of therapy to help people navigate life's challenges, build resilience, and develop coping strategies.
Hello and welcome to my Psychology Today page! My name is Michael Zachmann, and I am a psychotherapist who has experience working with young adults and teens, supporting them through change, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I like to take a strengths-based approach that focuses on an individual's innate power to change. I strive to create a judgment-free and comfortable environment for all my clients. I believe in the power of therapy to help people navigate life's challenges, build resilience, and develop coping strategies.
(201) 548-8135 View (201) 548-8135
Photo of Katharine Sperandio, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CAADC, NCC
Katharine Sperandio
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CAADC, NCC
Online Only
I have over 15 years of experience working with clients navigating a wide range of mental health concerns, including addiction, trauma, and various life stressors. I enjoy walking alongside individuals on their self-healing journeys—especially those seeking to live in closer alignment with their values and goals while cultivating fulfilling, meaningful relationships. I support individuals in identifying and breaking through destructive patterns and developing new ways of being so they can create lives that feel more enriching, purposeful, and grounded in peace.
I have over 15 years of experience working with clients navigating a wide range of mental health concerns, including addiction, trauma, and various life stressors. I enjoy walking alongside individuals on their self-healing journeys—especially those seeking to live in closer alignment with their values and goals while cultivating fulfilling, meaningful relationships. I support individuals in identifying and breaking through destructive patterns and developing new ways of being so they can create lives that feel more enriching, purposeful, and grounded in peace.
(267) 692-5115 View (267) 692-5115
Photo of Linda Sofer - Linda O. Sofer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Linda O. Sofer, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Jersey City, NJ 07302
I would like to introduce myself, and offer you information about my practice and approach to therapy. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have been working with adults, adolescents, couples, and families for over 25 years. I have expertise in areas concerning relationships, marriage/divorce, parenting, career, self esteem, loss, depression, anxiety, and living with chronic illness. My theoretical approaches include: Psychodynamic, Psychoanalytic, Cognitive/Behavioral, and Family Systems.
I would like to introduce myself, and offer you information about my practice and approach to therapy. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have been working with adults, adolescents, couples, and families for over 25 years. I have expertise in areas concerning relationships, marriage/divorce, parenting, career, self esteem, loss, depression, anxiety, and living with chronic illness. My theoretical approaches include: Psychodynamic, Psychoanalytic, Cognitive/Behavioral, and Family Systems.
(732) 658-0567 View (732) 658-0567
Photo of Susan Chung - Sol Health, Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC, MSW, MFT
Sol Health
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC, MSW, MFT
2 Endorsed
Jersey City, NJ 07306
Are you a university student, recent graduate, or prospective student struggling with anxiety or depression? At Sol Health, we understand how difficult it is to find a trustworthy therapist on a budget, which is why we offer therapy at $30 per session (no insurance needed)! We are a diverse team of qualified therapists-in-training and expert licensed clinical supervisors that are on a mission to make therapy more accessible in higher education.
Are you a university student, recent graduate, or prospective student struggling with anxiety or depression? At Sol Health, we understand how difficult it is to find a trustworthy therapist on a budget, which is why we offer therapy at $30 per session (no insurance needed)! We are a diverse team of qualified therapists-in-training and expert licensed clinical supervisors that are on a mission to make therapy more accessible in higher education.
(551) 266-4984 View (551) 266-4984
Photo of Nicole Otis, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
Nicole Otis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
Jersey City, NJ 07302
Are you struggling with pornography or sexual compulsivity? Is secrecy, broken trust or loss of intimacy hurting your relationship? Or maybe you’re not in crisis, but you know your marriage could be stronger, more connected, more alive? You’re not alone–we have been through these issues personally and know what it’s like. I’m a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), and Hunter is a Certified Mentor Coach in long-term recovery. Together, we help men break free (porn, sexting, affairs, prostitution, etc) and we help couples rebuild trust and real intimacy.
Are you struggling with pornography or sexual compulsivity? Is secrecy, broken trust or loss of intimacy hurting your relationship? Or maybe you’re not in crisis, but you know your marriage could be stronger, more connected, more alive? You’re not alone–we have been through these issues personally and know what it’s like. I’m a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), and Hunter is a Certified Mentor Coach in long-term recovery. Together, we help men break free (porn, sexting, affairs, prostitution, etc) and we help couples rebuild trust and real intimacy.
(507) 585-3031 View (507) 585-3031
Photo of Jyothsna Bhat, Psychologist, PsyD, CMIP, PsyPACT
Jyothsna Bhat
Psychologist, PsyD, CMIP, PsyPACT
Online Only
Does your teen feel depressed? Do you have troubles communicating with your spouse? Are you stressed out about work? I can help you learn how to cope with these issues head on! I have worked with children, adults, and families for over 15 years helping them deal with depression, anxiety, school issues, family problems, and other emotional and behavioral issues. I use a collaborative approach to help empower clients to take an active role in their therapy. Ongoing homework and exercises are provided to ensure your getting the full benefits of therapy. Learn more at bhatpsych.com.
Does your teen feel depressed? Do you have troubles communicating with your spouse? Are you stressed out about work? I can help you learn how to cope with these issues head on! I have worked with children, adults, and families for over 15 years helping them deal with depression, anxiety, school issues, family problems, and other emotional and behavioral issues. I use a collaborative approach to help empower clients to take an active role in their therapy. Ongoing homework and exercises are provided to ensure your getting the full benefits of therapy. Learn more at bhatpsych.com.
(267) 293-9275 View (267) 293-9275
Photo of Ena Mrkic, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Ena Mrkic
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward? Life’s challenges can leave you exhausted and searching for relief.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward? Life’s challenges can leave you exhausted and searching for relief.
(201) 817-4599 View (201) 817-4599
Photo of Donny Palmer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Donny Palmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am currently thru-hiking the Appalachian Trail as part of my own mental health journey and am not accepting new clients at this time. I anticipate returning in January 2027 and will update my availability as that time approaches!
I am currently thru-hiking the Appalachian Trail as part of my own mental health journey and am not accepting new clients at this time. I anticipate returning in January 2027 and will update my availability as that time approaches!
(848) 361-4586 View (848) 361-4586
Photo of Danielle Slavin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Danielle Slavin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Jersey City, NJ 07302
Danielle brings over a decade of experience providing therapy for children, teens, and adults. She creates a structured, compassionate space where clients feel understood, appropriately challenged, and empowered to make practical, lasting shifts in their lives. She specializes in anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, panic, phobias, grief, relationship stress, burnout, perfectionism, poor self-esteem, and life transitions. She helps clients reduce distress, build resilience, and gain greater confidence. Clients describe her as solution-focused, nonjudgmental, and approachable, with a warm sense of humor that supports meaningful growth.
Danielle brings over a decade of experience providing therapy for children, teens, and adults. She creates a structured, compassionate space where clients feel understood, appropriately challenged, and empowered to make practical, lasting shifts in their lives. She specializes in anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, panic, phobias, grief, relationship stress, burnout, perfectionism, poor self-esteem, and life transitions. She helps clients reduce distress, build resilience, and gain greater confidence. Clients describe her as solution-focused, nonjudgmental, and approachable, with a warm sense of humor that supports meaningful growth.
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Photo of Irina Slobodinsky, CPC, MBA
Irina Slobodinsky
Verified Verified
Jersey City, NJ 07302
Everyone has a story – have you considered authoring your own? Are you seeking to be not just heard but deeply understood? Do you struggle to define who you are, what you believe in, and what you represent? Do you feel that you will be happy only when you achieve that next thing on your growing to-do list? Do you dream of a life aligned with your passions and values? As a life and leadership coach, I am here to guide you on a transformation journey within to discover the foundation of who they are, so you can courageously build a life you are actually passionate about living.
Everyone has a story – have you considered authoring your own? Are you seeking to be not just heard but deeply understood? Do you struggle to define who you are, what you believe in, and what you represent? Do you feel that you will be happy only when you achieve that next thing on your growing to-do list? Do you dream of a life aligned with your passions and values? As a life and leadership coach, I am here to guide you on a transformation journey within to discover the foundation of who they are, so you can courageously build a life you are actually passionate about living.
(862) 375-5669 View (862) 375-5669
Photo of Ibn Sharif Shakoor - Cultured Minds LLC, Counselor, MA, LPC
Cultured Minds LLC
Counselor, MA, LPC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m Ibn Sharif Shakoor, EdD, LPC, a Licensed Professional Counselor from Jersey City. Overcoming trauma and adversity in my life inspired me to help others on their healing journey. I specialize in depression, anxiety, men’s issues, anger management, stress, life transitions, and childhood trauma. Using evidence-based approaches like CBT, Trauma-Informed Care, and Client-Centered Therapy, I create a supportive space for growth. My mission is to guide clients toward emotional resilience and personal fulfillment.
I’m Ibn Sharif Shakoor, EdD, LPC, a Licensed Professional Counselor from Jersey City. Overcoming trauma and adversity in my life inspired me to help others on their healing journey. I specialize in depression, anxiety, men’s issues, anger management, stress, life transitions, and childhood trauma. Using evidence-based approaches like CBT, Trauma-Informed Care, and Client-Centered Therapy, I create a supportive space for growth. My mission is to guide clients toward emotional resilience and personal fulfillment.
(201) 730-6422 View (201) 730-6422
Photo of Pablo McCabe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Pablo McCabe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I’ve worked in hospitals, treatment centers, and Employee Assistance Programs, supporting individuals through challenges like life transitions, workplace stress, depression, and addiction. Depending on your goals, I may draw from cognitive, psychodynamic, relational, or behavioral techniques. My approach is client centered, I focus on creating an interactive space where we can explore what’s going on in your life, identify strengths, & gain insight into your thoughts and feelings. Together, we set realistic, attainable goals that align with your values and desired outcomes.
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I’ve worked in hospitals, treatment centers, and Employee Assistance Programs, supporting individuals through challenges like life transitions, workplace stress, depression, and addiction. Depending on your goals, I may draw from cognitive, psychodynamic, relational, or behavioral techniques. My approach is client centered, I focus on creating an interactive space where we can explore what’s going on in your life, identify strengths, & gain insight into your thoughts and feelings. Together, we set realistic, attainable goals that align with your values and desired outcomes.
(213) 693-4557 View (213) 693-4557
Photo of Judith Kottick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Judith Kottick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jersey City, NJ 07302
I draw on my postgraduate training in psychodynamic psychotherapy, HeartMath biofeedback training, Complicated Grief and in behavioral medicine from the Mind/Body Institute at Harvard Medical School to provide a personalized approach to helping people cope with life's challenges. Although I have a specialty in grief, loss and infertility, I see individuals, couples and young adults with a wide range of issues, from depression and loss to parenting difficulties, anger management and relationship stress. I guide patients through stress reduction, job and career transition, postpartum depression and other life changes.
I draw on my postgraduate training in psychodynamic psychotherapy, HeartMath biofeedback training, Complicated Grief and in behavioral medicine from the Mind/Body Institute at Harvard Medical School to provide a personalized approach to helping people cope with life's challenges. Although I have a specialty in grief, loss and infertility, I see individuals, couples and young adults with a wide range of issues, from depression and loss to parenting difficulties, anger management and relationship stress. I guide patients through stress reduction, job and career transition, postpartum depression and other life changes.
(973) 310-2189 View (973) 310-2189
Photo of Audrey Augustave - Audrey Augustave: Couples & Coparents, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCADC, NCC
Audrey Augustave: Couples & Coparents
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCADC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Jersey City, NJ 07306
Nobody could have prepared you for the pain of being in constant conflict with your spouse/coparent. Either you avoid important topics altogether to keep the peace, or you try to bring up sensitive subjects that lead to an argument. The resentment is building and you are beginning to ask yourself if you will ever have harmony. I'd love to help you develop communication skills that lead your marriage back to solid ground or create a sustainable coparenting dynamic. (I am also a trained sex therapist for those suffering in sexless marriages).
Nobody could have prepared you for the pain of being in constant conflict with your spouse/coparent. Either you avoid important topics altogether to keep the peace, or you try to bring up sensitive subjects that lead to an argument. The resentment is building and you are beginning to ask yourself if you will ever have harmony. I'd love to help you develop communication skills that lead your marriage back to solid ground or create a sustainable coparenting dynamic. (I am also a trained sex therapist for those suffering in sexless marriages).
(551) 465-7101 View (551) 465-7101
Photo of Swati Iyengar, Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
Swati Iyengar
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
2 Endorsed
Jersey City, NJ 07306
I specialize in women’s and family issues with a strong passion for kids, and for new moms and those navigating loss and pain in their fertility journey. Additionally, I work with adults and teens struggling with OCD, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and behavioral concerns. I like to meet my kids and teens in person at our Jersey City office, but also offer telehealth. You can book online 24/7 and start therapy in 2–3 days. Click my website button to get started.I specialize in issues related to adults, kids and women’s issues., especially those who are navigating challenges related to conception and childbirth, inc
I specialize in women’s and family issues with a strong passion for kids, and for new moms and those navigating loss and pain in their fertility journey. Additionally, I work with adults and teens struggling with OCD, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and behavioral concerns. I like to meet my kids and teens in person at our Jersey City office, but also offer telehealth. You can book online 24/7 and start therapy in 2–3 days. Click my website button to get started.I specialize in issues related to adults, kids and women’s issues., especially those who are navigating challenges related to conception and childbirth, inc
(973) 620-2831 View (973) 620-2831

See more therapy options for Jersey City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Jersey City, NJ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$152

Therapists in Jersey City, NJ who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
95% Social Anxiety
95% Health Anxiety
95% Driving Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
78% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Jersey City, NJ see their clients

58% Online Only
42% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Jersey City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.