Therapists in Hope, NJ

Photo of Rebekah Hazekamp, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rebekah Hazekamp
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Hope, NJ 07844
Ever feel stuck in your current life circumstances, emotions, or thought patterns? I love to help people find ways to move forward and leave that stuck feeling behind. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in New Jersey and have over 10 years of experience providing mental health services. I focus on identifying client's strengths and help each client build on those strengths. I love to help people find ways to improve their lives and reach their goals for themselves.
Ever feel stuck in your current life circumstances, emotions, or thought patterns? I love to help people find ways to move forward and leave that stuck feeling behind. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in New Jersey and have over 10 years of experience providing mental health services. I focus on identifying client's strengths and help each client build on those strengths. I love to help people find ways to improve their lives and reach their goals for themselves.
(908) 325-3570 View (908) 325-3570
Photo of Sarah Keir Shortridge, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Keir Shortridge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You can do hard things - I know you can! But you don’t have to go at it alone. I can help guide you on a journey towards healing, offering tools to manage both physical and emotional pain. My goal is to help empower you to overcome all of life's adversities. While specializing in chronic illness, trauma, anxiety, and depression, I have experience working with all types of clients in many ages and stages of life. I am here to support and guide you towards the goals you want to achieve, and set you up for success.
You can do hard things - I know you can! But you don’t have to go at it alone. I can help guide you on a journey towards healing, offering tools to manage both physical and emotional pain. My goal is to help empower you to overcome all of life's adversities. While specializing in chronic illness, trauma, anxiety, and depression, I have experience working with all types of clients in many ages and stages of life. I am here to support and guide you towards the goals you want to achieve, and set you up for success.
(862) 418-5574 View (862) 418-5574

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kimberly Solomon, MSW, LSW, Counselor
Kimberly Solomon
Counselor, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
I work with children, adolescents, and adults. My direct work focused on providing counseling services to parents and their children. Services provided included case management, individual therapy, family counseling, marital therapy, and psychoeducation. In addition, my experience lies in working with anxiety, depression, life transitions, anger management, parenting education, children's behavioral issues, and relaxation/mindfulness. I am also certified in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and I pride myself on consistently attending new trainings and webinars to stay educated and informed.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults. My direct work focused on providing counseling services to parents and their children. Services provided included case management, individual therapy, family counseling, marital therapy, and psychoeducation. In addition, my experience lies in working with anxiety, depression, life transitions, anger management, parenting education, children's behavioral issues, and relaxation/mindfulness. I am also certified in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and I pride myself on consistently attending new trainings and webinars to stay educated and informed.
(908) 246-1480 View (908) 246-1480
Photo of Kelly Hale, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly Hale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Kelly is a Psychotherapist with a Master’s in Clinical Social work and a Bachelors in Psychology from Fordham University. Kelly specializes in Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Relationship issues, conflict, life transitions and LGBTQIA issues. Kelly will work with you using evidence-based practices to improve your life as well as develop insight into negative relational patterns. Kelly works from a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems Framework.
Kelly is a Psychotherapist with a Master’s in Clinical Social work and a Bachelors in Psychology from Fordham University. Kelly specializes in Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Relationship issues, conflict, life transitions and LGBTQIA issues. Kelly will work with you using evidence-based practices to improve your life as well as develop insight into negative relational patterns. Kelly works from a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems Framework.
(862) 363-5278 View (862) 363-5278
Photo of Danielle Brown - Danielle Brown, Empower and Thrive Counseling , MS, LPC, NCC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Danielle Brown, Empower and Thrive Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you want to build a happier, healthier you? Does anxiety, depression, negative body image, stress, or relationship issues show up too often in your life? Do you get down on yourself and feel unsure of how to make changes in your life? These feelings and problems can be symptoms of deeper wounds that most of the time are not obvious to us. Working together in therapy, we can explore what's underneath to help you better understand yourself, your feelings, patterns and behaviors. You have the answers and strength within yourself to heal from pain and self-doubt, and change unhelpful habits or relationships that don't serve you.
Do you want to build a happier, healthier you? Does anxiety, depression, negative body image, stress, or relationship issues show up too often in your life? Do you get down on yourself and feel unsure of how to make changes in your life? These feelings and problems can be symptoms of deeper wounds that most of the time are not obvious to us. Working together in therapy, we can explore what's underneath to help you better understand yourself, your feelings, patterns and behaviors. You have the answers and strength within yourself to heal from pain and self-doubt, and change unhelpful habits or relationships that don't serve you.
(732) 592-5454 View (732) 592-5454
Photo of Alyssa O'Keefe, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alyssa O'Keefe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Making sense of your thoughts and behaviors while managing daily stress can be a daunting task. We can work together to organize thought patterns and develop healthy strategies to live a better tomorrow. Many of us are strained by life roles and struggle to see things in a positive light. I am here to help.
Making sense of your thoughts and behaviors while managing daily stress can be a daunting task. We can work together to organize thought patterns and develop healthy strategies to live a better tomorrow. Many of us are strained by life roles and struggle to see things in a positive light. I am here to help.
(848) 308-1164 View (848) 308-1164
Photo of Paul Bohrer, MSW, LSW
Paul Bohrer
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
Now accepting in-person and virtual clients! As a Licensed Social Worker (LSW), It is my mission to cultivate an empathetic and non-judgmental therapeutic environment where clients can flourish. While the core of my experience is focused on adolescents I am passionate about working with adults of various ages and backgrounds. My dedication is particularly focused on working with ADHD/ADD, autism, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and grief, as well as struggles with identity, values, and meaning.
Now accepting in-person and virtual clients! As a Licensed Social Worker (LSW), It is my mission to cultivate an empathetic and non-judgmental therapeutic environment where clients can flourish. While the core of my experience is focused on adolescents I am passionate about working with adults of various ages and backgrounds. My dedication is particularly focused on working with ADHD/ADD, autism, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and grief, as well as struggles with identity, values, and meaning.
(908) 246-1480 View (908) 246-1480
Hilton Richard Miller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Phillipsburg, NJ 08865
My ideal client would be one looking to change and highly motivated to do so. If they were not as motivated that would be something we could certainly work to increase their motivation to change. Their needs were to reduce any anxiety or depression related to a number of underlying reasons (trauma, present external stressors or genetic anxiety and depression). Their goals were to stop living a life of despair due to the stressors causing them unwanted experiences and change to live a fuller happier life.
My ideal client would be one looking to change and highly motivated to do so. If they were not as motivated that would be something we could certainly work to increase their motivation to change. Their needs were to reduce any anxiety or depression related to a number of underlying reasons (trauma, present external stressors or genetic anxiety and depression). Their goals were to stop living a life of despair due to the stressors causing them unwanted experiences and change to live a fuller happier life.
(908) 545-9436 View (908) 545-9436
Photo of Margaret Zepka, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Margaret Zepka
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
I, along with everyone at Center for Assessment and Treatment, hope to help those who are among the most in need, regardless of income, background, or past history.
I, along with everyone at Center for Assessment and Treatment, hope to help those who are among the most in need, regardless of income, background, or past history.
(908) 731-7653 View (908) 731-7653
Photo of Sarah J Huertas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah J Huertas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
The world and life can feel overwhelming, and we all can benefit from space to process, and grow from it! I am here to support you. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of NJ with 16 years of work experience in the mental health field working with teens, adults, and healers of all kinds. I have experience working with individuals struggling with depression, shame, anxiety, care giver stress, trauma, life transitions, health anxiety, anger, marital/ relationship stress, addictions, co-dependency, self-love deficit, burnout, people pleasing, disconnection from self, self-esteem, and generational challenges.
The world and life can feel overwhelming, and we all can benefit from space to process, and grow from it! I am here to support you. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of NJ with 16 years of work experience in the mental health field working with teens, adults, and healers of all kinds. I have experience working with individuals struggling with depression, shame, anxiety, care giver stress, trauma, life transitions, health anxiety, anger, marital/ relationship stress, addictions, co-dependency, self-love deficit, burnout, people pleasing, disconnection from self, self-esteem, and generational challenges.
(862) 375-5123 View (862) 375-5123
Photo of Brianne (Brie) N. Shappell, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brianne (Brie) N. Shappell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phillipsburg, NJ 08865
Not accepting new clients
I believe that awareness is the first step toward positive change. Awareness can lead to a deeper understanding of oneself and help refocus you to the future instead of the past. Through a strong therapeutic relationship I provide a combination of support and challenge, which can help cultivate trust, confidence and assertiveness. I work with my clients collaboratively to develop interventions that consider the individual needs and strengths of my clients.
I believe that awareness is the first step toward positive change. Awareness can lead to a deeper understanding of oneself and help refocus you to the future instead of the past. Through a strong therapeutic relationship I provide a combination of support and challenge, which can help cultivate trust, confidence and assertiveness. I work with my clients collaboratively to develop interventions that consider the individual needs and strengths of my clients.
(908) 574-0986 View (908) 574-0986
Photo of Kathleen Azzaro, MA, LPC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Azzaro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
My professional experience over the last three decades consists of working in a variety of settings including College Counseling & Psychological Service, Emergency Room Crisis Intervention Counselor, Partial Care Programs, Community Mental Health Center, and Counseling Center for Pregnant Teens. For the past 23 years, I have counseled a diverse population of college students who have struggled with PTSD, Social and General Anxiety, Relationships, Depression, Trauma, Grief/loss, Bipolar Disorder, Personality Disorders and Life Transitions providing a collaborative relationship in a safe, open and nonjudgmental atmosphere. ​
My professional experience over the last three decades consists of working in a variety of settings including College Counseling & Psychological Service, Emergency Room Crisis Intervention Counselor, Partial Care Programs, Community Mental Health Center, and Counseling Center for Pregnant Teens. For the past 23 years, I have counseled a diverse population of college students who have struggled with PTSD, Social and General Anxiety, Relationships, Depression, Trauma, Grief/loss, Bipolar Disorder, Personality Disorders and Life Transitions providing a collaborative relationship in a safe, open and nonjudgmental atmosphere. ​
(908) 246-1480 View (908) 246-1480
Photo of Andrea Magistro, MSW, LCSW, CCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Magistro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCS
Verified Verified
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
Now accepting in-person and virtual clients! I am glad you are here. Taking the step to seek psychotherapy can be hard. I aim to provide a safe and welcoming space to adolescents and adults dealing with issues varying from trauma, depression, grief, bipolar, stress due to life transitions, anxiety, OCD, and more. I use a person-centered approach to the meet the needs and goals of each client. I utilize therapeutic treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), motivational interviewing, and psycho-education. I strongly believe there is no one size fits all approach.
Now accepting in-person and virtual clients! I am glad you are here. Taking the step to seek psychotherapy can be hard. I aim to provide a safe and welcoming space to adolescents and adults dealing with issues varying from trauma, depression, grief, bipolar, stress due to life transitions, anxiety, OCD, and more. I use a person-centered approach to the meet the needs and goals of each client. I utilize therapeutic treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), motivational interviewing, and psycho-education. I strongly believe there is no one size fits all approach.
(908) 246-1480 View (908) 246-1480
Photo of Michael Calderon, LCSW, LCADC, DRCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Calderon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, DRCC
Verified Verified
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
Michael has abundant experience working with adults, youth, couples and families. Michael draws from a multitude of therapeutic theories in his clinical practice such as: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Family Systems theory and mindfulness techniques. Michael specializes in treating substance use disorders as well as co-occurring disorders. As a former teacher, Michael has extensive knowledge of Individualized Education Plans (IEP) and 504 Plans (Americans with Disabilities Amendment).
Michael has abundant experience working with adults, youth, couples and families. Michael draws from a multitude of therapeutic theories in his clinical practice such as: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Family Systems theory and mindfulness techniques. Michael specializes in treating substance use disorders as well as co-occurring disorders. As a former teacher, Michael has extensive knowledge of Individualized Education Plans (IEP) and 504 Plans (Americans with Disabilities Amendment).
(908) 224-5055 View (908) 224-5055
Photo of Kayla Tarazona, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kayla Tarazona
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newton, NJ 07860
Have you ever struggled to remember what it feels like to not feel anxious? Does your mind seem stuck in overdrive, cycling through the same exhausting thought patterns? Maybe life feels like an endless series of chores, with no light at the end of the tunnel. Perhaps you’ve told yourself time and again that you need to make a change but can’t seem to muster the willpower to follow through. Or maybe you feel trapped in unhelpful relationship dynamics, unsure of what to change—or how. If any of this resonates, you’re not alone, and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Together, we can create a path forward. 1/9
Have you ever struggled to remember what it feels like to not feel anxious? Does your mind seem stuck in overdrive, cycling through the same exhausting thought patterns? Maybe life feels like an endless series of chores, with no light at the end of the tunnel. Perhaps you’ve told yourself time and again that you need to make a change but can’t seem to muster the willpower to follow through. Or maybe you feel trapped in unhelpful relationship dynamics, unsure of what to change—or how. If any of this resonates, you’re not alone, and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Together, we can create a path forward. 1/9
(908) 460-1799 View (908) 460-1799
Photo of Roxanne Nicole Miller, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Roxanne Nicole Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a clinically licensed social worker, life coach, reiki 2 practitioner and personal trainer who combines traditional therapy approaches with energy work. I specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, empowerment and goal setting. I value a holistic approach and believe that the mind, body and spirit need to be in harmony for optimal functioning.
I am a clinically licensed social worker, life coach, reiki 2 practitioner and personal trainer who combines traditional therapy approaches with energy work. I specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, empowerment and goal setting. I value a holistic approach and believe that the mind, body and spirit need to be in harmony for optimal functioning.
(908) 883-4658 View (908) 883-4658
Photo of Danielle E Marino - Creative Growth Arts Therapy, MA, LPAT, ATR-BC, Art Therapist
Creative Growth Arts Therapy
Art Therapist, MA, LPAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Hampton, NJ 08827
The first step is where growth begins. I am a NJ Licensed Professional Art Therapist & a Registered-Board Certified Art Therapist. I am passionately dedicated to encouraging clients to utilize the creative arts, music, relaxation techniques and verbal expression to help persevere life challenges, identify and understand emotions, increase self-esteem, develop and/or enhance coping strategies, improve mood regulation, decrease problematic symptoms related to a diagnosis and provide support as clients let go of limitations in a safe non-judgmental space.
The first step is where growth begins. I am a NJ Licensed Professional Art Therapist & a Registered-Board Certified Art Therapist. I am passionately dedicated to encouraging clients to utilize the creative arts, music, relaxation techniques and verbal expression to help persevere life challenges, identify and understand emotions, increase self-esteem, develop and/or enhance coping strategies, improve mood regulation, decrease problematic symptoms related to a diagnosis and provide support as clients let go of limitations in a safe non-judgmental space.
(908) 540-6940 View (908) 540-6940
Photo of Joe Schweighardt, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joe Schweighardt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Hackettstown, NJ 07840
Sometimes thoughts and feelings can interfere with our daily activities. While we cannot change the past, we can take positive actions in the present to guide us into the future. I work with children, teens, and adults to help them identify and remove negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes that act as obstacles to a healthy, happy, and fulfilling life. My aim is to develop a trusting relationship in order to explore life events that may be negatively impacting us and find ways to adapt, change, or accept those events.
Sometimes thoughts and feelings can interfere with our daily activities. While we cannot change the past, we can take positive actions in the present to guide us into the future. I work with children, teens, and adults to help them identify and remove negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes that act as obstacles to a healthy, happy, and fulfilling life. My aim is to develop a trusting relationship in order to explore life events that may be negatively impacting us and find ways to adapt, change, or accept those events.
(908) 651-9257 View (908) 651-9257
Photo of Sadi Delaney, MS, LPC, BCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sadi Delaney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, BCPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I have been helping people work through the changes and losses presented to them in life for 30 years. Using mindfulness based cognitive therapy I teach individuals and couples, teens and adults to manage the thoughts, emotions and behaviors that are causing them pain. As a therapist in private practice, I have a great deal of experience treating depression, anxiety, addictions and other emotional problems that cause suffering. I help people see themselves more clearly and compassionately so they can make the necessary changes in themselves. I provide you with the tools to change what you can and to let go of what you cannot.
I have been helping people work through the changes and losses presented to them in life for 30 years. Using mindfulness based cognitive therapy I teach individuals and couples, teens and adults to manage the thoughts, emotions and behaviors that are causing them pain. As a therapist in private practice, I have a great deal of experience treating depression, anxiety, addictions and other emotional problems that cause suffering. I help people see themselves more clearly and compassionately so they can make the necessary changes in themselves. I provide you with the tools to change what you can and to let go of what you cannot.
(908) 955-0291 View (908) 955-0291
Photo of Kadijah Campbell, LAC, Counselor
Kadijah Campbell
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Kadijah Campbell, I am a National Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Associate Counselor (LAC) in the state of New Jersey who provides therapeutic services for individuals experiencing issues including but not limited to anxiety, depression, coping issues.
My name is Kadijah Campbell, I am a National Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Associate Counselor (LAC) in the state of New Jersey who provides therapeutic services for individuals experiencing issues including but not limited to anxiety, depression, coping issues.
(908) 293-7702 View (908) 293-7702

See more therapy options for Hope

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hope, NJ

< 10

Therapists in Hope, NJ who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Parenting
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Behavioral Issues
100% Self-Harming
100% Stress

Average years in practice

4 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Oxford
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Hope, NJ see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hope?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.