Therapists in New Mexico

View cities and counties in New Mexico
Photo of Franklin R Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Franklin R Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Greetings from Frank Smith, MFT. Let me offer a truism: whether positive or negative, most behavior is learned. Behavior often results in patterns that can be positive and life affirming. But they can also be maladaptive and impact our self-esteem, happiness and relationships. You may be wondering...why can't I break these destructive patterns? I can help you unravel where they came from. Such awareness is the first step toward better emotional health. Let me be your psychological navigator to help you let go of the past and have a better and more fulfilling life.
Greetings from Frank Smith, MFT. Let me offer a truism: whether positive or negative, most behavior is learned. Behavior often results in patterns that can be positive and life affirming. But they can also be maladaptive and impact our self-esteem, happiness and relationships. You may be wondering...why can't I break these destructive patterns? I can help you unravel where they came from. Such awareness is the first step toward better emotional health. Let me be your psychological navigator to help you let go of the past and have a better and more fulfilling life.
(505) 393-6137 View (505) 393-6137
Photo of Marcia Filipiak, Counselor, LPCC, LADAC, NCC
Marcia Filipiak
Counselor, LPCC, LADAC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rio Rancho, NM 87124
Do you feel lost, confused or stuck, trying your best, but things never seem to change or get better? Do you feel so panicked, nervous or sad, that just getting through your day is a struggle? Are you a parent that has tried everything you can think of to help your child but nothing seems to be working? I understand how just getting out of bed in the morning can take all of your energy or how anxiety or difficult experiences from the past can make you terrified to take the next step. It can be hard to trust someone after being hurt and talking to a counselor may seem scary. However, things can get better!
Do you feel lost, confused or stuck, trying your best, but things never seem to change or get better? Do you feel so panicked, nervous or sad, that just getting through your day is a struggle? Are you a parent that has tried everything you can think of to help your child but nothing seems to be working? I understand how just getting out of bed in the morning can take all of your energy or how anxiety or difficult experiences from the past can make you terrified to take the next step. It can be hard to trust someone after being hurt and talking to a counselor may seem scary. However, things can get better!
(505) 289-0198 View (505) 289-0198
Photo of Wendy Wasserman, Counselor, MA, LPCC, ATR-BC
Wendy Wasserman
Counselor, MA, LPCC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can be stressful and art therapy can assist in identifying and managing emotions. In addition to tele health art therapy, also provide tele-health talk therapy for tweens, adolescents and adults. I strive to assist my clients with creative expressive experiences to help facilitate personal growth; considering developmental, family structure and social/cultural factors when creating individualized treatment plans. The addition of the art making process helps in building relationships with those who may be resistant to sharing their emotions in a therapeutic setting. Where words fail, art takes over.
Life can be stressful and art therapy can assist in identifying and managing emotions. In addition to tele health art therapy, also provide tele-health talk therapy for tweens, adolescents and adults. I strive to assist my clients with creative expressive experiences to help facilitate personal growth; considering developmental, family structure and social/cultural factors when creating individualized treatment plans. The addition of the art making process helps in building relationships with those who may be resistant to sharing their emotions in a therapeutic setting. Where words fail, art takes over.
(505) 405-2906 View (505) 405-2906
Photo of Tabitha Cantu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Tabitha Cantu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Nobody should have to go through life alone and I am here to help. I am committed to my clients and dedicated to providing compassionate and personalized care through virtual therapy sessions. I have worked with many individuals from children to adults who struggle with OCD, ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, abuse, life transitions, attachment disorders, and personality disorders. I’m committed to helping people navigate life’s challenges, develop positive coping strategies, and achieve personal growth. I hope to provide skills to help you become the expert in your life!
Nobody should have to go through life alone and I am here to help. I am committed to my clients and dedicated to providing compassionate and personalized care through virtual therapy sessions. I have worked with many individuals from children to adults who struggle with OCD, ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, abuse, life transitions, attachment disorders, and personality disorders. I’m committed to helping people navigate life’s challenges, develop positive coping strategies, and achieve personal growth. I hope to provide skills to help you become the expert in your life!
(505) 805-2036 View (505) 805-2036
Photo of Michelle Baca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Michelle Baca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87110
I'm Michelle Baca, a dedicated and compassionate therapist with over 13 years of experience working with children and young adults. In my practice, I specialize in providing support to young minds navigating the challenges of today's ever-evolving world. In a world that is changing rapidly, children and adolescents often face unique challenges. I recognize the impact of technological advancements on their lives, as well as the growing concerns related to anxiety and identity issues.
I'm Michelle Baca, a dedicated and compassionate therapist with over 13 years of experience working with children and young adults. In my practice, I specialize in providing support to young minds navigating the challenges of today's ever-evolving world. In a world that is changing rapidly, children and adolescents often face unique challenges. I recognize the impact of technological advancements on their lives, as well as the growing concerns related to anxiety and identity issues.
(505) 560-2859 View (505) 560-2859
Photo of Amber Johnson - Santa Fe Art Therapy & Counseling, Counselor, MA, LPCC
Santa Fe Art Therapy & Counseling
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Many of us have lived through hard and painful life experiences. For some of us, the physical and emotional memory of those experiences keep us locked in a state of shame, anxiety, fear and loneliness (this experience is often labeled with a variety of diagnoses: PTSD, Complex PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD). It can seem impossible to create and sustain meaningful, fulfilling and nurturing relationships (including the one with yourself!) from an isolated and fearful place. If you are seeking to feel better and create healthy and sustainable changes in your life, this may be the work for you.
Many of us have lived through hard and painful life experiences. For some of us, the physical and emotional memory of those experiences keep us locked in a state of shame, anxiety, fear and loneliness (this experience is often labeled with a variety of diagnoses: PTSD, Complex PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD). It can seem impossible to create and sustain meaningful, fulfilling and nurturing relationships (including the one with yourself!) from an isolated and fearful place. If you are seeking to feel better and create healthy and sustainable changes in your life, this may be the work for you.
(505) 718-4706 View (505) 718-4706
Photo of Katherine Hull - Anchored Therapy, Psychologist, PsyD
Anchored Therapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87112
Waitlist for new clients
I am here to help you with issues including depression, anxiety, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder, grief, caregiver stress, and coping with changes in health, family, and work. My perspective is that just about everyone could use the help of a therapist at some point during their lives. Some folks have chronic mental health issues that they need care for at various points. Others are confronted with a trauma, loss, or change that is too much to handle on their own.
I am here to help you with issues including depression, anxiety, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder, grief, caregiver stress, and coping with changes in health, family, and work. My perspective is that just about everyone could use the help of a therapist at some point during their lives. Some folks have chronic mental health issues that they need care for at various points. Others are confronted with a trauma, loss, or change that is too much to handle on their own.
(505) 594-9934 View (505) 594-9934
Photo of Deborah Montoya, Art Therapist, ATR-BC, LPAT
Deborah Montoya
Art Therapist, ATR-BC, LPAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87505
I welcome your interest in seeking therapy! I offer art therapy and talk therapy, and have been a therapist for 29 years. I'm so passionate about the healing potential within the connection of a therapeutic relationship that I chaired the Art Therapy/Counseling Program at Southwestern College for many years where I taught and supervised new therapists. I've written 3 books and speak internationally because I love sharing what I've learned over the years about the value of the therapeutic process. I believe that my clients are the experts on themselves and I provide a warm, safe place to explore hard issues and move toward joy.
I welcome your interest in seeking therapy! I offer art therapy and talk therapy, and have been a therapist for 29 years. I'm so passionate about the healing potential within the connection of a therapeutic relationship that I chaired the Art Therapy/Counseling Program at Southwestern College for many years where I taught and supervised new therapists. I've written 3 books and speak internationally because I love sharing what I've learned over the years about the value of the therapeutic process. I believe that my clients are the experts on themselves and I provide a warm, safe place to explore hard issues and move toward joy.
(505) 657-5753 View (505) 657-5753
Photo of Nicole Ortiz, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Nicole Ortiz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I’m Nicole Ortiz, LPCC, and I believe mental health is more than the absence of illness—it’s a dynamic balance of physical, mental, and social well-being. As an Air Force veteran, mother, and grandmother, I bring a wealth of life experience and a deep commitment to walking alongside you on your journey. Together, we’ll work toward healing, foster resilience, and support meaningful, lasting transformation.
I’m Nicole Ortiz, LPCC, and I believe mental health is more than the absence of illness—it’s a dynamic balance of physical, mental, and social well-being. As an Air Force veteran, mother, and grandmother, I bring a wealth of life experience and a deep commitment to walking alongside you on your journey. Together, we’ll work toward healing, foster resilience, and support meaningful, lasting transformation.
(505) 405-1566 View (505) 405-1566
Photo of Kermit Cole, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Kermit Cole
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87505
I like to direct our attention away from what is wrong with people toward what can be improved between people. This leads to a lot of philosophical reflection, and laughter. (In fact I am writing a book about the philosophy of humor, and how it shows up in therapy.)
I like to direct our attention away from what is wrong with people toward what can be improved between people. This leads to a lot of philosophical reflection, and laughter. (In fact I am writing a book about the philosophy of humor, and how it shows up in therapy.)
(917) 831-4039 View (917) 831-4039
Photo of Lynne M Treibel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Lynne M Treibel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87109
Want to live with a greater capacity for joy, wholeness, and satisfaction? You might be wanting to reach out to someone, to improve your relationship, to make some changes, or to experience relief from what you're going through or what you've been feeling lately. That's healthy, and this is a great place to start. Welcome. Let's talk.
Want to live with a greater capacity for joy, wholeness, and satisfaction? You might be wanting to reach out to someone, to improve your relationship, to make some changes, or to experience relief from what you're going through or what you've been feeling lately. That's healthy, and this is a great place to start. Welcome. Let's talk.
(505) 355-0022 View (505) 355-0022
Photo of Dr. Claudia Ann Raphael, Art Therapist, PhD, MA, LPAT-, REAT, LMT
Dr. Claudia Ann Raphael
Art Therapist, PhD, MA, LPAT-, REAT, LMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87507
I am a licensed Expressive Art Therapist in the state of New Mexico. As a transpersonal educator and psychotherapist, I have worked with families, individuals, and children for over 30 years. At the studio, I utilize a systems approach with a special focus on Jungian, Archetypal, and Indigenous lenses. The underlying intention of my work is to assist my clients in releasing the heavy burdens carried, whether they originated from childhood, societal, cultural, or ancestral wounding. Over the years, I have acquired many tools that assist in this process, such as creating art, engaging the body’s wisdom, movement, drumming, journeying.
I am a licensed Expressive Art Therapist in the state of New Mexico. As a transpersonal educator and psychotherapist, I have worked with families, individuals, and children for over 30 years. At the studio, I utilize a systems approach with a special focus on Jungian, Archetypal, and Indigenous lenses. The underlying intention of my work is to assist my clients in releasing the heavy burdens carried, whether they originated from childhood, societal, cultural, or ancestral wounding. Over the years, I have acquired many tools that assist in this process, such as creating art, engaging the body’s wisdom, movement, drumming, journeying.
(301) 678-1198 View (301) 678-1198
Photo of Mariah Hofmeister, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mariah Hofmeister
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Did you just have a baby, or have a toddler, a special needs child or other children at home and feel overwhelmed and/or anxious? Is being a parent a lot harder than you expected? I agree, it is the hardest thing I've ever done! I love supporting parents. I am passionate about working with postpartum parents and those with young children (biological, foster, and adoptive). I work with trauma, anxiety, depression, and a variety of parenting challenges. I have training and experience in maternal mental health, somatic therapy, attachment, trauma, mind-body connections, nature, play, cognitive/behavior therapies and parent education.
Did you just have a baby, or have a toddler, a special needs child or other children at home and feel overwhelmed and/or anxious? Is being a parent a lot harder than you expected? I agree, it is the hardest thing I've ever done! I love supporting parents. I am passionate about working with postpartum parents and those with young children (biological, foster, and adoptive). I work with trauma, anxiety, depression, and a variety of parenting challenges. I have training and experience in maternal mental health, somatic therapy, attachment, trauma, mind-body connections, nature, play, cognitive/behavior therapies and parent education.
(505) 587-5361 View (505) 587-5361
Photo of Charlycia Snoop Strain, CPSW, BSW
Charlycia Snoop Strain
CPSW, BSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87110
Not accepting new clients
I grew up in a tough area and learned behaviors that helped at first but later hurt me. With a lot of support, I changed these habits and started living healthier mentally and physically. Now, I use my experiences to help others facing similar challenges.
I grew up in a tough area and learned behaviors that helped at first but later hurt me. With a lot of support, I changed these habits and started living healthier mentally and physically. Now, I use my experiences to help others facing similar challenges.
(505) 477-6955 View (505) 477-6955
Photo of Jenni Laszlo, Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Jenni Laszlo
Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87508
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with individuals, children, adolescents and couples around relationship issues, life transitions and traumatic events. I view my role as providing a safe place to explore life events, examine thought patterns and process emotions. I combine empirical based strategies with body-oriented therapeutic approaches, resulting in growth, health and freedom.
I specialize in working with individuals, children, adolescents and couples around relationship issues, life transitions and traumatic events. I view my role as providing a safe place to explore life events, examine thought patterns and process emotions. I combine empirical based strategies with body-oriented therapeutic approaches, resulting in growth, health and freedom.
(505) 605-2961 View (505) 605-2961
Photo of Mandi Abernathy - The Lighted Path, LLC. Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
The Lighted Path, LLC. Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Edgewood, NM 87015
Hello and welcome to The Lighted Path LLC Counseling Services. Do you struggle with life's stressors? We can help! We use present, strength, art, attachment, and faith based focused modalities, such as Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, ART Therapy, Trauma Psycho-education, and Christian Counseling (when requested), in this practice. In your first session, we will discover what brought you to therapy, the most appropriate and helpful ways to assist you in making healthier changes, and a prolonged well-being. Our therapists are well experienced and ready to help!
Hello and welcome to The Lighted Path LLC Counseling Services. Do you struggle with life's stressors? We can help! We use present, strength, art, attachment, and faith based focused modalities, such as Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, ART Therapy, Trauma Psycho-education, and Christian Counseling (when requested), in this practice. In your first session, we will discover what brought you to therapy, the most appropriate and helpful ways to assist you in making healthier changes, and a prolonged well-being. Our therapists are well experienced and ready to help!
(505) 516-0803 View (505) 516-0803
Photo of Annie Keith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Annie Keith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello! I am a licensed clinical social worker in New Mexico and Texas with over 15 years of experience in community, hospital and teletherapy settings. I have worked with clients on a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, adult life transitions and trauma. My therapy style is warm and interactive. The temple I see in your eyes reflects the temple in mine. I believe deep emotional work can get done with mutual respect and compassion. My approach integrates CBT, ACT, humanistic and psychodynamic therapy. I will tailor our dialog and your treatment to meet you where you are.
Hello! I am a licensed clinical social worker in New Mexico and Texas with over 15 years of experience in community, hospital and teletherapy settings. I have worked with clients on a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, adult life transitions and trauma. My therapy style is warm and interactive. The temple I see in your eyes reflects the temple in mine. I believe deep emotional work can get done with mutual respect and compassion. My approach integrates CBT, ACT, humanistic and psychodynamic therapy. I will tailor our dialog and your treatment to meet you where you are.
(505) 552-3958 View (505) 552-3958
Photo of Magnolia Heaton - Love Is Healing, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SRMT
Love Is Healing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SRMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87106
We are based out of New Mexico. We specialize in treating complex PTSD through a holistic and integrative health approach, caring for the mind, soul, and body. All our providers are trained in DBT and somatic interventions; some also provide EMDR. Our ideal client is eager and completely motivated to do the inner work to face their inner "shadows," to move into deep and long-lasting healing. All faith backgrounds and political stances are welcome. Neurodivergent-friendly. Also, online only in: FL, NV, OK, OR, TX. We also offer Comprehensive Community Support Services.
We are based out of New Mexico. We specialize in treating complex PTSD through a holistic and integrative health approach, caring for the mind, soul, and body. All our providers are trained in DBT and somatic interventions; some also provide EMDR. Our ideal client is eager and completely motivated to do the inner work to face their inner "shadows," to move into deep and long-lasting healing. All faith backgrounds and political stances are welcome. Neurodivergent-friendly. Also, online only in: FL, NV, OK, OR, TX. We also offer Comprehensive Community Support Services.
(505) 560-8854 View (505) 560-8854
Photo of Lauren V Gomez - High Desert Healing LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
High Desert Healing LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87107
Thank you for viewing our profile! We are a small locally owned outpatient mind and body healing center. We have ten therapists specializing in a wide variety of treatment modalities who provide individual, couples, and family therapy. We also now offer medication management services to individuals who are needing to be assessed for medication or need refills. Visit our website at www.HDHNM.com to see all we have to offer!
Thank you for viewing our profile! We are a small locally owned outpatient mind and body healing center. We have ten therapists specializing in a wide variety of treatment modalities who provide individual, couples, and family therapy. We also now offer medication management services to individuals who are needing to be assessed for medication or need refills. Visit our website at www.HDHNM.com to see all we have to offer!
(505) 705-8187 View (505) 705-8187
Photo of Hiroko Minami, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hiroko Minami
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87110
Every individual is unique—just like the way you give and receive love. Deep within you, your true self exists, yet you can sometimes feel disconnected to your inner voice when emotions take over. You want to turn your vision to a reality, but you may be feeling lost or feeling like something keeps holding you back. It takes courage to pause, reflect, and reconnect with yourself.
Every individual is unique—just like the way you give and receive love. Deep within you, your true self exists, yet you can sometimes feel disconnected to your inner voice when emotions take over. You want to turn your vision to a reality, but you may be feeling lost or feeling like something keeps holding you back. It takes courage to pause, reflect, and reconnect with yourself.
(505) 594-9563 View (505) 594-9563
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$141

Therapists in New Mexico who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
72% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Presbyterian
69% Medicaid

How Therapists in New Mexico see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New Mexico?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.