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Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback, meaning it provides real-time information about one’s physiological functions—in this case, brain activity. As they receive this feedback, clients are guided by a computer program, typically via visual or auditory cues, which aims to modify the brain patterns associated with their negative symptoms. Over time, proponents argue, clients learn how to better regulate their own brain function and improve the symptoms that cause problems in day-to-day life.

Some research has found that neurofeedback can help treat conditions like ADHD, and anecdotal evidence suggests that many people who undergo neurofeedback find it beneficial. However, some experts have expressed skepticism, arguing that the evidence in favor of neurofeedback is thin or may be due to the placebo effect. While the procedure is generally seen as safe and has few side effects, it is not typically considered a first-line therapy and is instead often recommended as an adjunct treatment.

Neurofeedback is generally considered safe and most patients report manageable side effects, or none at all. However, the research on neurofeedback remains inconclusive, and some experts are skeptical that it’s as effective as its proponents claim. It can also be costly and may not be covered by insurance; thus, it’s important to confirm cost and insurance coverage before initiating a neurofeedback program.

A typical neurofeedback session lasts between 30 and 60 minutes. There is no set number of sessions needed for a course of neurofeedback. Before initiating a neurofeedback regimen, clients are advised to discuss the treatment timeline with their provider, as well as when they might expect to see results.