Photo of Lynnwood Counseling Services , Drug & Alcohol Counselor in 01702, MA
Lynnwood Counseling Services
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC II, IC/RC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Framingham, MA 01702
Well, Hello! I'm Adam, a licensed addictions counselor. Let's embark on a journey promising growth, healing, and a brighter future. In our sessions, we will delve into the root causes of your addiction, addressing them head-on. Through introspection, you'll understand your triggers and develop coping mechanisms. We'll craft a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs. Creating a safe, non-judgmental environment is paramount. You'll feel supported exploring your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Recovery requires commitment and effort but leads to self-discovery and empowerment. Let's build a life free from addiction.
Well, Hello! I'm Adam, a licensed addictions counselor. Let's embark on a journey promising growth, healing, and a brighter future. In our sessions, we will delve into the root causes of your addiction, addressing them head-on. Through introspection, you'll understand your triggers and develop coping mechanisms. We'll craft a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs. Creating a safe, non-judgmental environment is paramount. You'll feel supported exploring your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Recovery requires commitment and effort but leads to self-discovery and empowerment. Let's build a life free from addiction.
(508) 625-9821 View (508) 625-9821
Photo of Stacey Kohler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 01702, MA
Stacey Kohler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I offer compassionate counseling to help clients find more adaptive ways of handling life stressors. My clients feel better after just a few sessions. I have over 28 years of experience working with clients and getting them back on their feet. I work with individuals who have medical issues, trauma issues, and individuals who are on disability. I also have an interest in the treatment of anxiety and offer many different experiential exercises and relaxation training tools. I offer Integrative EMDR Psychotherapy, and I am trained in hypnosis from the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. Give me a call please.
I offer compassionate counseling to help clients find more adaptive ways of handling life stressors. My clients feel better after just a few sessions. I have over 28 years of experience working with clients and getting them back on their feet. I work with individuals who have medical issues, trauma issues, and individuals who are on disability. I also have an interest in the treatment of anxiety and offer many different experiential exercises and relaxation training tools. I offer Integrative EMDR Psychotherapy, and I am trained in hypnosis from the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. Give me a call please.
(508) 570-5006 View (508) 570-5006
Photo of Susan Miller Kountz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 01702, MA
Susan Miller Kountz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Everyone needs someone to talk to at certain times in their lives. Sometimes our anxiety, depression or internal conflicts, change can affect our relationships with ourselves, others or with the world in general. My approach creates a safe, caring environment to look at these issues. Goal is to help all find and develop ones own inner strength to realize and access skills and best solutions for their own unique situations. Building communication skills, learning problem solving, mindful meditation, managing anxiety and depression are areas am especially experienced in. My clients describe me as caring, genuine, warm and interactive.
Everyone needs someone to talk to at certain times in their lives. Sometimes our anxiety, depression or internal conflicts, change can affect our relationships with ourselves, others or with the world in general. My approach creates a safe, caring environment to look at these issues. Goal is to help all find and develop ones own inner strength to realize and access skills and best solutions for their own unique situations. Building communication skills, learning problem solving, mindful meditation, managing anxiety and depression are areas am especially experienced in. My clients describe me as caring, genuine, warm and interactive.
(508) 717-3805 View (508) 717-3805
Photo of Nathalie Paquette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 01702, MA
Nathalie Paquette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Transparency, humor, and compassion are all parts of my therapeutic style, and collaborating with clients during times of struggle, contemplation or transition is what I enjoy most. I am a white, heterosexual, cisgender therapist based in the Framingham area, and I am committed to acknowledging the ways that systemic oppression impacts individuals and groups, and to having open and honest conversations with my clients as well as supporting their healing.
Transparency, humor, and compassion are all parts of my therapeutic style, and collaborating with clients during times of struggle, contemplation or transition is what I enjoy most. I am a white, heterosexual, cisgender therapist based in the Framingham area, and I am committed to acknowledging the ways that systemic oppression impacts individuals and groups, and to having open and honest conversations with my clients as well as supporting their healing.
(508) 938-8801 View (508) 938-8801
Photo of Boston Evening Therapy Associates , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 01702, MA
Boston Evening Therapy Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Engaging my clients in a warm, mutually respectful and comforting way by building a trusting relationship between the therapist & the client is crucial to me. My approach is client –centric, empathetic, holistic and non-judgmental. I use a relational framework as well as down to earth psychotherapy techniques tailored to each client. Having counseled people since 1999, I have been trained in various techniques over the past decade & have the flexibility to choose the best therapeutic techniques. I frequently use CBT (Trauma Focused CBT), DBT, Interpersonal & Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, Feminist Theory to assist clients.
Engaging my clients in a warm, mutually respectful and comforting way by building a trusting relationship between the therapist & the client is crucial to me. My approach is client –centric, empathetic, holistic and non-judgmental. I use a relational framework as well as down to earth psychotherapy techniques tailored to each client. Having counseled people since 1999, I have been trained in various techniques over the past decade & have the flexibility to choose the best therapeutic techniques. I frequently use CBT (Trauma Focused CBT), DBT, Interpersonal & Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, Feminist Theory to assist clients.
(508) 300-9986 View (508) 300-9986
Photo of Jonathan Schulman, Counselor in 01702, MA
Jonathan Schulman
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Untangling the complexities of relationships, work, family, and day-to-day life can be daunting on your own. From the patterns learned throughout your life to the stresses of today, much of what is no longer effective in your life is within your reach to change. Letting go of old ways can be difficult. Let's collaborate to build on your strengths to promote the best in you while safely and responsibly shifting away from what's no longer working.
Untangling the complexities of relationships, work, family, and day-to-day life can be daunting on your own. From the patterns learned throughout your life to the stresses of today, much of what is no longer effective in your life is within your reach to change. Letting go of old ways can be difficult. Let's collaborate to build on your strengths to promote the best in you while safely and responsibly shifting away from what's no longer working.
(617) 749-2670 View (617) 749-2670
Photo of Megan Rakes, LMHC, Counselor in 01702, MA
Megan Rakes, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Framingham, MA 01702
I know that every person carries their own burden in life and I enjoy helping people figure out how to make that load a little lighter for themselves. I believe that everyone is their own expert and I enjoy collaborating with them on how to best find helpful solutions. I take a solution-focused approach while using skills that I've learned from CBT and DBT trainings. The past 4 years have been a collective trauma for us all and I hope to share some of my own experiences, not only as a therapist but as a parent and a person, to help enrich my clients' coping skills. I enjoy learning from my clients as much as they learn from me.
I know that every person carries their own burden in life and I enjoy helping people figure out how to make that load a little lighter for themselves. I believe that everyone is their own expert and I enjoy collaborating with them on how to best find helpful solutions. I take a solution-focused approach while using skills that I've learned from CBT and DBT trainings. The past 4 years have been a collective trauma for us all and I hope to share some of my own experiences, not only as a therapist but as a parent and a person, to help enrich my clients' coping skills. I enjoy learning from my clients as much as they learn from me.
(508) 593-1609 View (508) 593-1609
Photo of Susan Fagin, Counselor in 01702, MA
Susan Fagin
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702
Relational issues are my focus. We are related to our birth families, our marriage or divorce families, our mates, children, peers, coworkers, and to our addictions and habits. My work connects the dots and helps one to see the where and why of the problem and to learn how to address it in a loving, healthy and healing way. Whether the conflict is between partners, parent and child, siblings or addictions, the goal is to mend the relationship and create positive self esteem. I surface the real issue through insightful and penetrating questions to illuminate the path to clarity and resolution.
Relational issues are my focus. We are related to our birth families, our marriage or divorce families, our mates, children, peers, coworkers, and to our addictions and habits. My work connects the dots and helps one to see the where and why of the problem and to learn how to address it in a loving, healthy and healing way. Whether the conflict is between partners, parent and child, siblings or addictions, the goal is to mend the relationship and create positive self esteem. I surface the real issue through insightful and penetrating questions to illuminate the path to clarity and resolution.
(978) 558-4899 View (978) 558-4899
Photo of Yvonne Jenkins, Psychologist in 01702, MA
Yvonne Jenkins
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Stressful conditions may influence depression, anxiety, and other psychological challenges. Life transitions, academic or work stress, family problems, or relational difficulties with a friend or significant other may trigger such distress. My psychodynamic orientation is relational, integrative, and informed by diverse realities such as culture, race, ethnicity, and gender. My approach enables clients to feel safe, understood, and hopeful in their journeys toward change while strengthening confidence, self-esteem, facilitating the development of effective coping and problem solving skills.
Stressful conditions may influence depression, anxiety, and other psychological challenges. Life transitions, academic or work stress, family problems, or relational difficulties with a friend or significant other may trigger such distress. My psychodynamic orientation is relational, integrative, and informed by diverse realities such as culture, race, ethnicity, and gender. My approach enables clients to feel safe, understood, and hopeful in their journeys toward change while strengthening confidence, self-esteem, facilitating the development of effective coping and problem solving skills.
(617) 580-5399 View (617) 580-5399
Photo of Esther Merritt, Counselor in 01702, MA
Esther Merritt
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702
Are you a high achiever but under value yourself? Work hard and have objective success but feel something is missing, or that it's still not enough? Do you feel aspects of your life need improvement, direction, guidance, change, or growth? Is the old tried and true approach you take, not working anymore?  Come improve your mood, reduce anxiety, strengthen self-esteem, manage stress, work through academic/social/professional challenges, process grief, improve relationships and communication, strengthen parenting techniques, and have smoother life transitions. Therapy's success is equal to the work you put into it, come do the work!
Are you a high achiever but under value yourself? Work hard and have objective success but feel something is missing, or that it's still not enough? Do you feel aspects of your life need improvement, direction, guidance, change, or growth? Is the old tried and true approach you take, not working anymore?  Come improve your mood, reduce anxiety, strengthen self-esteem, manage stress, work through academic/social/professional challenges, process grief, improve relationships and communication, strengthen parenting techniques, and have smoother life transitions. Therapy's success is equal to the work you put into it, come do the work!
(508) 812-4066 View (508) 812-4066
Photo of Scott Callaghan, Counselor in 01702, MA
Scott Callaghan
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Scott Callaghan takes a client-centered approach to therapy. He enjoys building a solid rapport with each client to make them feel comfortable during sessions. Scott uses humor and authenticity to create a positive environment for the client. He works with a variety of presenting issues, including substance use and addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress management.
Scott Callaghan takes a client-centered approach to therapy. He enjoys building a solid rapport with each client to make them feel comfortable during sessions. Scott uses humor and authenticity to create a positive environment for the client. He works with a variety of presenting issues, including substance use and addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress management.
(508) 682-5472 View (508) 682-5472
Photo of Robyn Rogers in 01702, MA
Robyn Rogers
LMHC
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
I have 25 years of experience working with high-risk women, children, and families in a variety of settings including outpatient, inpatient, and public schools. Experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, and developmental disabilities.
I have 25 years of experience working with high-risk women, children, and families in a variety of settings including outpatient, inpatient, and public schools. Experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, and developmental disabilities.
(401) 425-3917 View (401) 425-3917
Photo of Andreia Souza Lucena, Licensed Psychoanalyst in 01702, MA
Andreia Souza Lucena
Licensed Psychoanalyst
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702
If you have been trying to balance your life and are not succeeding, asking for help can change the course of your story. I am a psychoanalyst, my job is to take an active role in the therapeutic relationship between patient and provider to challenge clients to evolve. I offer a safe, inclusive and non-judgmental environment; all while providing individual care for adults
If you have been trying to balance your life and are not succeeding, asking for help can change the course of your story. I am a psychoanalyst, my job is to take an active role in the therapeutic relationship between patient and provider to challenge clients to evolve. I offer a safe, inclusive and non-judgmental environment; all while providing individual care for adults
(508) 719-6515 View (508) 719-6515
Photo of Sarah Baker, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in 01702, MA
Sarah Baker
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LCDP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Framingham, MA 01702
I am a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Professional and I am passionate about my work with those affected by alcoholism and addiction. Substance Abuse and Mental Health problems are major roadblocks in a person's life. These issues are nothing to be ashamed of and can be overcome with a proper, specialized treatment plan.
I am a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Professional and I am passionate about my work with those affected by alcoholism and addiction. Substance Abuse and Mental Health problems are major roadblocks in a person's life. These issues are nothing to be ashamed of and can be overcome with a proper, specialized treatment plan.
(401) 208-0854 View (401) 208-0854
Photo of Dr. Aaron Rezendes, Psychologist in 01702, MA
Dr. Aaron Rezendes
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Connecting with the versions of ourselves we want to be is challenging: anxiety, depression, gender dysphoria, stress, relationship issues, and myriad internal and external/systemic factors make it difficult to “show up” in the ways we would like. My goal as a clinician is to help you get in touch with and connect to the version of yourself most aligned with your values, while you learn how to effectively and consistently navigate the challenges along the way.
Connecting with the versions of ourselves we want to be is challenging: anxiety, depression, gender dysphoria, stress, relationship issues, and myriad internal and external/systemic factors make it difficult to “show up” in the ways we would like. My goal as a clinician is to help you get in touch with and connect to the version of yourself most aligned with your values, while you learn how to effectively and consistently navigate the challenges along the way.
(508) 794-8175 View (508) 794-8175
Photo of Leah Toso, Counselor in 01702, MA
Leah Toso
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702
I have been working as psychotherapist since 2017 with clients from all age groups, various background and different cultures. Brazilian, living in the US from the past 25 years and have plenty of knowledge of what challenges immigrants face here, including difficulties adjusting to the culture and thriving the system. I have experience with a variety of diagnoses including anxiety, ADHD, depression, panic disorder and OCD. Holding a Master’s Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Cambridge College, Boston, MA and a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from Framingham State University.
I have been working as psychotherapist since 2017 with clients from all age groups, various background and different cultures. Brazilian, living in the US from the past 25 years and have plenty of knowledge of what challenges immigrants face here, including difficulties adjusting to the culture and thriving the system. I have experience with a variety of diagnoses including anxiety, ADHD, depression, panic disorder and OCD. Holding a Master’s Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Cambridge College, Boston, MA and a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from Framingham State University.
(508) 290-4571 View (508) 290-4571
Photo of Karen M Beauregard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 01702, MA
Karen M Beauregard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC, LADC-I, MCCS
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702
Limited openings for new couples. If you in a relationship and are struggling or just wanting to build on the positive life you have built together, we will work to address the concerns in your relationship - improving communication, enhancing or restoring intimacy, increasing friendship, having more fun together, repairing past hurts and resolving conflicts more effectively. We will identify the relationship challenges you are facing, their underlying causes and the dreams you each have for your relationship. We can then together change the behaviors and thought patterns that are keeping you from being the couple you want to be.
Limited openings for new couples. If you in a relationship and are struggling or just wanting to build on the positive life you have built together, we will work to address the concerns in your relationship - improving communication, enhancing or restoring intimacy, increasing friendship, having more fun together, repairing past hurts and resolving conflicts more effectively. We will identify the relationship challenges you are facing, their underlying causes and the dreams you each have for your relationship. We can then together change the behaviors and thought patterns that are keeping you from being the couple you want to be.
(508) 219-6704 View (508) 219-6704
Photo of Gerald 'gerry' Lewis, Psychologist in 01702, MA
Gerald 'gerry' Lewis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
I am an interactive therapist, practicing for more than 30 years. My preference is to work with couples helping them understand how "old" dynamics, patterns and behaviors impact their current relationship. And, then to coach them to make positive changes. I have worked quite a bit with couples who have experienced infidelity. I also enjoy working with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression or other concerns helping them with coping strategies. Further, I have had a lot of experience working with healthcare professionals and first responders.
I am an interactive therapist, practicing for more than 30 years. My preference is to work with couples helping them understand how "old" dynamics, patterns and behaviors impact their current relationship. And, then to coach them to make positive changes. I have worked quite a bit with couples who have experienced infidelity. I also enjoy working with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression or other concerns helping them with coping strategies. Further, I have had a lot of experience working with healthcare professionals and first responders.
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Photo of Paige Peck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 01702, MA
Paige Peck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
My name is Paige Peck, J.D., LICSW. I am an independently licensed clinical social worker who provides counseling to adults. I graduated from the University of Michigan and both the Boston University School of Law and the School of Social Work. My areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief/loss, and relationship issues. I utilize CBT and solution focused modes of therapy to help clients build on their strengths, learn new skills, challenge negative thinking, and change painful emotional patterns in order to achieve positive resolution to problems and successful personal development and fulfillment.
My name is Paige Peck, J.D., LICSW. I am an independently licensed clinical social worker who provides counseling to adults. I graduated from the University of Michigan and both the Boston University School of Law and the School of Social Work. My areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief/loss, and relationship issues. I utilize CBT and solution focused modes of therapy to help clients build on their strengths, learn new skills, challenge negative thinking, and change painful emotional patterns in order to achieve positive resolution to problems and successful personal development and fulfillment.
(508) 928-8661 View (508) 928-8661
Photo of Gabriel Zarkadas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 01702, MA
Gabriel Zarkadas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Framingham, MA 01702  (Online Only)
Welcome! My approach is rooted in compassion, genuine connection, and evidence-based practice. I believe in creating a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors without judgment. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, difficult life transitions, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I'm here to offer guidance and support tailored to your unique needs.
Welcome! My approach is rooted in compassion, genuine connection, and evidence-based practice. I believe in creating a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors without judgment. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, difficult life transitions, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I'm here to offer guidance and support tailored to your unique needs.
(857) 575-2832 View (857) 575-2832

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 01702

60+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in 01702 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
82% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
65% Coping Skills
61% Stress
58% Self Esteem
56% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
57% Optum

How Therapists in 01702 see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 01702?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.