Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Noha Eltoukhy, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Noha Eltoukhy
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Mental health struggles hinder a person’s every task, which is why taking care of your mental health is the best decision you can make for yourself. If you struggle with changing your mindsets and controlling your emotions, I aim to psychoeducate you on skills and techniques that are primarily solution-focused and goal-driven. By getting to know yourself on a deeper level, you can change how you conceptualize yourself, your interactions and your life experiences.
Mental health struggles hinder a person’s every task, which is why taking care of your mental health is the best decision you can make for yourself. If you struggle with changing your mindsets and controlling your emotions, I aim to psychoeducate you on skills and techniques that are primarily solution-focused and goal-driven. By getting to know yourself on a deeper level, you can change how you conceptualize yourself, your interactions and your life experiences.
(267) 762-2403 View (267) 762-2403
Photo of Alex Wasserman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Alex Wasserman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19148
As a marriage and family therapist, I work with individuals, families, and people in relationships on a broad range of issues. I am here to listen, to understand, and to guide you towards the change you would like to see. I take time to learn about you, your history, and important life events in a process of co-discovery. During our work together, you will come to make links between the past and your current experience, while also discovering new tools and honing your own positive coping strategies.
As a marriage and family therapist, I work with individuals, families, and people in relationships on a broad range of issues. I am here to listen, to understand, and to guide you towards the change you would like to see. I take time to learn about you, your history, and important life events in a process of co-discovery. During our work together, you will come to make links between the past and your current experience, while also discovering new tools and honing your own positive coping strategies.
(267) 573-3872 View (267) 573-3872
Photo of Julio R Vidal, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Julio R Vidal
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Life is hard. Obstacles can, and often do, arise at a moment’s notice. My goal is to help you overcome these obstacles in a way that aligns with the values that are most important to you. One of my core beliefs is that we already possess the tools we need to succeed, but sometimes, we need help accessing them. I absolutely love what I do, and I will bring that passion to every session we have together. I am now working with a number of insurance companies to make therapy as affordable as possible.
Life is hard. Obstacles can, and often do, arise at a moment’s notice. My goal is to help you overcome these obstacles in a way that aligns with the values that are most important to you. One of my core beliefs is that we already possess the tools we need to succeed, but sometimes, we need help accessing them. I absolutely love what I do, and I will bring that passion to every session we have together. I am now working with a number of insurance companies to make therapy as affordable as possible.
(215) 709-3354 View (215) 709-3354
Photo of Katherine Scholle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Katherine Scholle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker offering virtual therapy to adults and couples in PA, NJ and NY. I'm passionate about helping people uncover and activate the resilience, strength and inner wisdom we all have within. I meet you where you are, whether this is your first time in therapy, or you’ve been in therapy for years. I aim to create an environment where you feel safe, heard and seen, so we can collaboratively explore how to increase your quality of life and connectedness to others. Together, we can examine the things you may have been running from, or the issues that have felt too scary to confront alone.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker offering virtual therapy to adults and couples in PA, NJ and NY. I'm passionate about helping people uncover and activate the resilience, strength and inner wisdom we all have within. I meet you where you are, whether this is your first time in therapy, or you’ve been in therapy for years. I aim to create an environment where you feel safe, heard and seen, so we can collaboratively explore how to increase your quality of life and connectedness to others. Together, we can examine the things you may have been running from, or the issues that have felt too scary to confront alone.
(215) 706-8857 View (215) 706-8857
Photo of Chris McKee, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Chris McKee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19109
Feeling anxious, depressed or overwhelmed? Want to improve your relationships? Challenging times can also be opportunities because they activate the parts of us that need healing. This can also cause extreme feelings and thoughts to hijack us, making us feel overwhelmed or stuck. I truly believe we each have everything we need to live from a place of calm, courage, curiosity, and creativity. We just need to release the obstacles and burdens we carry and learn how to relate to ourselves differently.
Feeling anxious, depressed or overwhelmed? Want to improve your relationships? Challenging times can also be opportunities because they activate the parts of us that need healing. This can also cause extreme feelings and thoughts to hijack us, making us feel overwhelmed or stuck. I truly believe we each have everything we need to live from a place of calm, courage, curiosity, and creativity. We just need to release the obstacles and burdens we carry and learn how to relate to ourselves differently.
(215) 261-5185 View (215) 261-5185
Photo of Rochelle Grady, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Rochelle Grady
Marriage & Family Therapist, DA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Does it seem like you're stuck repeating the same patterns over and over? Are you working hard to manage negative thoughts and painful emotions? Whether these struggles are related to current circumstances or rooted in trauma and other past issues, I can help. I work with individuals and couples to process painful experiences, change limiting thought patterns and faulty beliefs, better manage emotions, and repair relationships. I believe therapy changes lives. It allows people to peel back the layers of their difficult experiences to gain understanding, change and grow, and embrace the future with greater joy and hope.
Does it seem like you're stuck repeating the same patterns over and over? Are you working hard to manage negative thoughts and painful emotions? Whether these struggles are related to current circumstances or rooted in trauma and other past issues, I can help. I work with individuals and couples to process painful experiences, change limiting thought patterns and faulty beliefs, better manage emotions, and repair relationships. I believe therapy changes lives. It allows people to peel back the layers of their difficult experiences to gain understanding, change and grow, and embrace the future with greater joy and hope.
(215) 607-6140 View (215) 607-6140
Photo of Britt Lindon, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Britt Lindon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Did something happen at work, life, or in your relationship that shook things up or shattered you? I'm extremely good at helping ambitious women & MEN who might otherwise NOT want to be in counseling. I specialize in treating fellow doctors, lawyers or high-net worth individuals who require a therapist that can match their intellect and caliber. If you’re here, you may feel like you are surviving instead of living life. It’s disappointing when you have gotten so far in life, and yet, your world starts to resemble something you want to retreat from, not something you relish. It’s not surprising that you don’t feel like yourself.
Did something happen at work, life, or in your relationship that shook things up or shattered you? I'm extremely good at helping ambitious women & MEN who might otherwise NOT want to be in counseling. I specialize in treating fellow doctors, lawyers or high-net worth individuals who require a therapist that can match their intellect and caliber. If you’re here, you may feel like you are surviving instead of living life. It’s disappointing when you have gotten so far in life, and yet, your world starts to resemble something you want to retreat from, not something you relish. It’s not surprising that you don’t feel like yourself.
(215) 584-4416 View (215) 584-4416
Photo of Kimberly L. Hoffman, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Kimberly L. Hoffman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I am a licensed psychologist providing therapy to older adolescents and adults. My practice includes treatment for anxiety, depression, eating-related concerns, trauma, loss, family issues, illness, self-esteem concerns, academic and work stress, and relational conflicts. I tailor my approach to each client's unique personality and needs and draw from my training and experience with insight-oriented, relational models; cognitive-behavioral interventions; mindfulness-based approaches; and trauma-informed treatments (including Internal Family Systems).
I am a licensed psychologist providing therapy to older adolescents and adults. My practice includes treatment for anxiety, depression, eating-related concerns, trauma, loss, family issues, illness, self-esteem concerns, academic and work stress, and relational conflicts. I tailor my approach to each client's unique personality and needs and draw from my training and experience with insight-oriented, relational models; cognitive-behavioral interventions; mindfulness-based approaches; and trauma-informed treatments (including Internal Family Systems).
(215) 310-5863 View (215) 310-5863
Photo of Madeline Gray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Madeline Gray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, E-RYT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19129
Not accepting new clients
In a world rife with loss and heartbreak, it's all too common to feel lost and alone. You deserve to feel seen, accepted, and validated, no matter what. Together, we co-create our own unique relationship that supports you in the healing and growth you are seeking. I've found that my warm, gentle personality and sense of humor allows people to feel at ease. I offer a calm, curious, and unconditionally compassionate perspective. With me, you are always encouraged to show up just as you are.
In a world rife with loss and heartbreak, it's all too common to feel lost and alone. You deserve to feel seen, accepted, and validated, no matter what. Together, we co-create our own unique relationship that supports you in the healing and growth you are seeking. I've found that my warm, gentle personality and sense of humor allows people to feel at ease. I offer a calm, curious, and unconditionally compassionate perspective. With me, you are always encouraged to show up just as you are.
(267) 433-4283 View (267) 433-4283
Photo of Leah Yarmus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Leah Yarmus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Leah Yarmus is a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) with more than 15 years of experience. She works with adults and seniors who are suffering from anxiety, depression, poor coping skills, grief, difficult life transitions, stress, relationship issues, low self-esteem, sexual abuse, LGBTQIA+ issues, stress, substance use, trauma, PTSD, and women's issues.
Leah Yarmus is a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) with more than 15 years of experience. She works with adults and seniors who are suffering from anxiety, depression, poor coping skills, grief, difficult life transitions, stress, relationship issues, low self-esteem, sexual abuse, LGBTQIA+ issues, stress, substance use, trauma, PTSD, and women's issues.
(484) 755-3406 View (484) 755-3406
Photo of Wendy Nickerson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Wendy Nickerson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Wendy Nickerson is an LCSW psychotherapist practicing since 2017. She completed an MSW degree at Temple University, Philadelphia PA with a focus on clinical work, following a long term previous career in life sciences. Wendy strives to connect with clients through a safe, respectful, supportive environment, bringing a wide range of life experiences and therapeutic expertise to the sessions. She focuses on anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship challenges, improved self-confidence and connection with others, and has a background in addictions counseling.
Wendy Nickerson is an LCSW psychotherapist practicing since 2017. She completed an MSW degree at Temple University, Philadelphia PA with a focus on clinical work, following a long term previous career in life sciences. Wendy strives to connect with clients through a safe, respectful, supportive environment, bringing a wide range of life experiences and therapeutic expertise to the sessions. She focuses on anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship challenges, improved self-confidence and connection with others, and has a background in addictions counseling.
(267) 551-6527 View (267) 551-6527
Photo of Tanya Hess, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Tanya Hess
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am a licensed psychologist located in Center City and have been treating patients in the Philadelphia area since 2007. I work with individuals, couples, children and families. I have trained in psychodynamic, interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral therapies. My research and practice specialties include personality assessment, eating disorders, and working with family systems. In treatment, I focus on using my understanding of human behavior to help my patients better understand what thoughts and wishes motivate them as well as what fears or anxieties might be getting in their way.
I am a licensed psychologist located in Center City and have been treating patients in the Philadelphia area since 2007. I work with individuals, couples, children and families. I have trained in psychodynamic, interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral therapies. My research and practice specialties include personality assessment, eating disorders, and working with family systems. In treatment, I focus on using my understanding of human behavior to help my patients better understand what thoughts and wishes motivate them as well as what fears or anxieties might be getting in their way.
(215) 600-3687 View (215) 600-3687
Photo of Diana Wolovnick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Diana Wolovnick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Often people find themselves to be stuck or unhappy and they don't know how they got there. Or maybe there is a specific problem you're dealing with and you need an outside perspective and unbiased help working through it and getting back to a more comfortable and productive place. Sometimes it's helpful to just have a safe space to share what's going on inside your head. I consider therapy a natural and helpful extension of your regular daily life. My hope is that sessions with me are conversations and explorations into what you think about and what you want for yourself and your relationships.
Often people find themselves to be stuck or unhappy and they don't know how they got there. Or maybe there is a specific problem you're dealing with and you need an outside perspective and unbiased help working through it and getting back to a more comfortable and productive place. Sometimes it's helpful to just have a safe space to share what's going on inside your head. I consider therapy a natural and helpful extension of your regular daily life. My hope is that sessions with me are conversations and explorations into what you think about and what you want for yourself and your relationships.
(516) 495-9998 View (516) 495-9998
Photo of Demeko Freeman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Demeko Freeman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MMT, LPC, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Take a moment and visualize your life as a garden, influenced by various individuals and experiences that have shaped its landscape. You may notice aspects of your garden that no longer align with your desires—a tangle of vines choking your flowers or plants that no longer serve you. Maybe you have yearning to create a garden that truly reflects who you are and are unsure of what you want to grow. Some sections of your garden are thriving and others aren't. Whether there is that type of knowing or its processing an adverse event(s), you have an awareness that your "garden" isn't as full as you want it to be.
Take a moment and visualize your life as a garden, influenced by various individuals and experiences that have shaped its landscape. You may notice aspects of your garden that no longer align with your desires—a tangle of vines choking your flowers or plants that no longer serve you. Maybe you have yearning to create a garden that truly reflects who you are and are unsure of what you want to grow. Some sections of your garden are thriving and others aren't. Whether there is that type of knowing or its processing an adverse event(s), you have an awareness that your "garden" isn't as full as you want it to be.
(267) 313-5836 View (267) 313-5836
Photo of Amanda Adams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Amanda Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19150  (Online Only)
On the outside looking in it seems like you have it all together. But really you're in survival mode, wondering why it seems easier to everyone else. You are constantly looking out for the needs of others, to the point where you neglect your own basic needs. You have no idea where your illness ends and where you start. Each day feels like you are battling different parts in your own mind, struggling to get even the bare minimum done. But each day you push through, hoping for relief. Allow me to tell you that you are not alone, and you don't have to navigate this alone.
On the outside looking in it seems like you have it all together. But really you're in survival mode, wondering why it seems easier to everyone else. You are constantly looking out for the needs of others, to the point where you neglect your own basic needs. You have no idea where your illness ends and where you start. Each day feels like you are battling different parts in your own mind, struggling to get even the bare minimum done. But each day you push through, hoping for relief. Allow me to tell you that you are not alone, and you don't have to navigate this alone.
(484) 376-5661 View (484) 376-5661
Photo of Kristin Townsend, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Kristin Townsend
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
With a over a decade of experience, I'm here to help you feel supported and understood as you navigate life's uncertainty. Whether you are navigating challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or seeking personal growth, I can help! ​Over the years, I've honed my expertise in various therapeutic modalities, blending traditional psychotherapy with mindfulness techniques, meditation, and other somatic approaches to guide you towards a life of intention, peace and fulfillment.
With a over a decade of experience, I'm here to help you feel supported and understood as you navigate life's uncertainty. Whether you are navigating challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or seeking personal growth, I can help! ​Over the years, I've honed my expertise in various therapeutic modalities, blending traditional psychotherapy with mindfulness techniques, meditation, and other somatic approaches to guide you towards a life of intention, peace and fulfillment.
(484) 228-7043 View (484) 228-7043
Photo of Elliot Rotman, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Elliot Rotman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I believe people seek help from when they get "stuck" in some aspect of their lives. Through my 25 plus years of practice I work to help others make changes, choices, solve problems, and to grow in order to get "unstuck" and progress. I take an active, interactive, and supportive approach to therapy and use a variety of approaches as needed, sometimes working with the past and always with applications to the present.
I believe people seek help from when they get "stuck" in some aspect of their lives. Through my 25 plus years of practice I work to help others make changes, choices, solve problems, and to grow in order to get "unstuck" and progress. I take an active, interactive, and supportive approach to therapy and use a variety of approaches as needed, sometimes working with the past and always with applications to the present.
(215) 874-7312 View (215) 874-7312
Photo of Professional Psychology Services/PPS, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Professional Psychology Services/PPS
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
We are accepting new clients! At Professional Psychology Services (PPS), our licensed and experienced psychologists, social workers and counselors provide confidential therapy for marriage counseling and relationship problems, addictions and substance abuse, depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem issues. We also provide employee assistance programs (EAP), critical incident and trauma responses, and seminars and trainings for businesses. We offer individual, couples and group therapy, and provide mental health services for national EAP companies and local organizations
We are accepting new clients! At Professional Psychology Services (PPS), our licensed and experienced psychologists, social workers and counselors provide confidential therapy for marriage counseling and relationship problems, addictions and substance abuse, depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem issues. We also provide employee assistance programs (EAP), critical incident and trauma responses, and seminars and trainings for businesses. We offer individual, couples and group therapy, and provide mental health services for national EAP companies and local organizations
(215) 791-8479 View (215) 791-8479
Photo of Michele Southworth, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Michele Southworth
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Many people experience times when they feel stuck in some important aspect of their lives, and want to find a way forward that is true to who they are and to the values that matter to them. Being stuck is often connected to unprocessed early experiences, compounded by living in the turmoil of complex and difficult times, and navigating what appear to be paradigm shifts in how we understand what is happening in and to our world. Therapy can provide a way to work towards clarity, and towards building, maintaining and balancing a healthy sense of self, healthy relationships with others, and a life that makes sense and works for us.
Many people experience times when they feel stuck in some important aspect of their lives, and want to find a way forward that is true to who they are and to the values that matter to them. Being stuck is often connected to unprocessed early experiences, compounded by living in the turmoil of complex and difficult times, and navigating what appear to be paradigm shifts in how we understand what is happening in and to our world. Therapy can provide a way to work towards clarity, and towards building, maintaining and balancing a healthy sense of self, healthy relationships with others, and a life that makes sense and works for us.
(267) 244-9262 View (267) 244-9262
Photo of Nancy K. Law, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Nancy K. Law
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LAPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Relationships, new life stages, career changes, can be challenging. I specialize in helping individuals transition into their new life status with confidence and perspective. We all look to increase our happiness and joy, reduce our stress , frustrations and and suffering, improve our relationships and accomplish our goals. The dilemma to many of us is that we would like these things to happen without changing too much of ourselves. My aim is to help people move through the process of change, while helping you process and cope with your current life challenges.
Relationships, new life stages, career changes, can be challenging. I specialize in helping individuals transition into their new life status with confidence and perspective. We all look to increase our happiness and joy, reduce our stress , frustrations and and suffering, improve our relationships and accomplish our goals. The dilemma to many of us is that we would like these things to happen without changing too much of ourselves. My aim is to help people move through the process of change, while helping you process and cope with your current life challenges.
(215) 593-2922 View (215) 593-2922

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.