Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapists in Pasquotank County, NC

Photo of Abigale Underwood - Mountains to Sea Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mountains to Sea Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Elizabeth City, NC 27909
Abby specializes in EMDR and Internal Family Systems ( IFS), creating a calm, safe space to explore experiences with compassion and clarity.
You’re someone carrying more than you show—maybe trauma, overwhelm, people-pleasing, or feeling disconnected from yourself. Are you experiencing life with a sense that you’ve been surviving instead of truly living? You want relief, clarity, and a way to feel whole again. You’re ready to understand your patterns, heal old wounds, move through relational conflict and feel more grounded in who you are. As you go through this journey, you are looking for a safe space where you can slow down, breathe, and finally move toward the life you’ve been wanting.
Abby specializes in EMDR and Internal Family Systems ( IFS), creating a calm, safe space to explore experiences with compassion and clarity.
You’re someone carrying more than you show—maybe trauma, overwhelm, people-pleasing, or feeling disconnected from yourself. Are you experiencing life with a sense that you’ve been surviving instead of truly living? You want relief, clarity, and a way to feel whole again. You’re ready to understand your patterns, heal old wounds, move through relational conflict and feel more grounded in who you are. As you go through this journey, you are looking for a safe space where you can slow down, breathe, and finally move toward the life you’ve been wanting.
(252) 516-8993 View (252) 516-8993
Photo of Amelia M Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, LCSW
Amelia M Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, LCSW
Online Only
Currently accepting new clients in MI, NC, and VA! I work with adolescent (16+) through adult clients and specialize in working with LGBTQIA+ individuals. I approach the therapy space with radical acceptance and usually see clients who are facing depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship and intimacy issues, and/or sexual dysfunction related issues.
Currently accepting new clients in MI, NC, and VA! I work with adolescent (16+) through adult clients and specialize in working with LGBTQIA+ individuals. I approach the therapy space with radical acceptance and usually see clients who are facing depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship and intimacy issues, and/or sexual dysfunction related issues.
(248) 292-3408 View (248) 292-3408
Photo of Alandria Hunter, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, CCTP
Alandria Hunter
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, CCTP
Serves Area
You hold it together for everyone else but inside, you’re overwhelmed, anxious, and exhausted. Maybe you’re constantly overthinking, struggling with boundaries, or feeling stuck in old patterns that no longer serve you. You don’t have to keep doing this alone. I help clients navigate anxiety, trauma, and people-pleasing so they can finally feel more grounded, confident, and in control. Let’s talk about what’s really on your mind and how we can start making space for you again.
You hold it together for everyone else but inside, you’re overwhelmed, anxious, and exhausted. Maybe you’re constantly overthinking, struggling with boundaries, or feeling stuck in old patterns that no longer serve you. You don’t have to keep doing this alone. I help clients navigate anxiety, trauma, and people-pleasing so they can finally feel more grounded, confident, and in control. Let’s talk about what’s really on your mind and how we can start making space for you again.
(336) 828-2842 View (336) 828-2842
Photo of Rebecca Weidler - Integrated Journey, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, LPC
Integrated Journey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
No matter what life brings you, treatment can bring you "home." All walks of life and all experiences are unique, so your treatment will be tailored to fit for you. Direction, support, guidance and healing available now.
No matter what life brings you, treatment can bring you "home." All walks of life and all experiences are unique, so your treatment will be tailored to fit for you. Direction, support, guidance and healing available now.
(252) 429-0145 View (252) 429-0145
Photo of Britney Dixon, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, LPC, LCASA
Britney Dixon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, LPC, LCASA
Elizabeth City, NC 27909
Not accepting new clients
Using an integrative approach that may include EMDR, Brainspotting, IFS, and somatic techniques, I will do my very best to help you process pain, rebuild connection, and foster healing.
Struggling with intimacy, trauma, or feeling stuck? You’re not alone. Many adults face challenges in relationships, self-esteem, or healing from past pain. As a certified sex and trauma therapist, I do my best to create a safe, non-judgmental, LGBTQIA+ affirming, and neurodivergent-friendly space to explore these issues and work toward healing. Together, we’ll build tools to help you reclaim confidence, deepen connections, and create lasting change. I would be honored to help you take the first step toward a healthier, more fulfilling life.
Using an integrative approach that may include EMDR, Brainspotting, IFS, and somatic techniques, I will do my very best to help you process pain, rebuild connection, and foster healing.
Struggling with intimacy, trauma, or feeling stuck? You’re not alone. Many adults face challenges in relationships, self-esteem, or healing from past pain. As a certified sex and trauma therapist, I do my best to create a safe, non-judgmental, LGBTQIA+ affirming, and neurodivergent-friendly space to explore these issues and work toward healing. Together, we’ll build tools to help you reclaim confidence, deepen connections, and create lasting change. I would be honored to help you take the first step toward a healthier, more fulfilling life.
(252) 644-6670 View (252) 644-6670

Online Therapists

Photo of LaTia Guyton - Our Story Counseling PLLC, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA
Our Story Counseling PLLC
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Using Brainspotting, EMDR, CBT, mindfulness, IFS Therapy, we offer a safe and caring space where you can process pain, rediscover your voice, and step into the life you deserve.
You have been the strong one for everyone else, but inside you feel worn out, anxious, or lost. Maybe trauma, perfectionism, or a harsh inner critic steals your peace. You can see a better life in the distance but cannot seem to reach it. You long to feel whole again and reconnect with who you are beyond motherhood, teaching, or silent struggles. Deep down, you want to live fully, not just survive, and finally breathe without fear or shame. We have a strong desire to help you LIVE, not just exist! There is more life available for you! We want to help you find it.
Using Brainspotting, EMDR, CBT, mindfulness, IFS Therapy, we offer a safe and caring space where you can process pain, rediscover your voice, and step into the life you deserve.
You have been the strong one for everyone else, but inside you feel worn out, anxious, or lost. Maybe trauma, perfectionism, or a harsh inner critic steals your peace. You can see a better life in the distance but cannot seem to reach it. You long to feel whole again and reconnect with who you are beyond motherhood, teaching, or silent struggles. Deep down, you want to live fully, not just survive, and finally breathe without fear or shame. We have a strong desire to help you LIVE, not just exist! There is more life available for you! We want to help you find it.
(252) 888-6483 View (252) 888-6483
Photo of Allison Rolfe, LCSW Associate , LCSWA
Allison Rolfe
LCSW Associate , LCSWA
Online Only
I am a firm believer in healing through companionship. Your journey, uniquely yours, is a testament to your resilience in the face of challenges and life's intricate tapestries. In every moment, you are not alone. As we walk this path together, my goal is to cultivate an environment that fosters support and encouragement, a space where emotional, mental, physical, social, and spiritual well-being thrive. We will explore the avenues that lead to your transformation and growth, each step tailored to your aspirations. Your choice to embark on this journey is a profound one, and I am honored to stride forward with you.
I am a firm believer in healing through companionship. Your journey, uniquely yours, is a testament to your resilience in the face of challenges and life's intricate tapestries. In every moment, you are not alone. As we walk this path together, my goal is to cultivate an environment that fosters support and encouragement, a space where emotional, mental, physical, social, and spiritual well-being thrive. We will explore the avenues that lead to your transformation and growth, each step tailored to your aspirations. Your choice to embark on this journey is a profound one, and I am honored to stride forward with you.
(252) 359-3570 View (252) 359-3570
Photo of Dr. Amanda Park, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MA, LPC, LCMHC, PMHC
Dr. Amanda Park
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MA, LPC, LCMHC, PMHC
Online Only
Hello, I’m Amanda Park, a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to supporting individuals through the complex transitions of life. I specialize in perinatal mental health, working with individuals and couples who are navigating fertility challenges, pregnancy, postpartum adjustment, identity shifts, and relationship changes. I strive to offer a therapeutic space that feels safe, grounded, and approachable—a place where you can slow down, breathe, and show up authentically. My practice is built on validation, compassion, and empowerment, with absolutely no judgment.
Hello, I’m Amanda Park, a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to supporting individuals through the complex transitions of life. I specialize in perinatal mental health, working with individuals and couples who are navigating fertility challenges, pregnancy, postpartum adjustment, identity shifts, and relationship changes. I strive to offer a therapeutic space that feels safe, grounded, and approachable—a place where you can slow down, breathe, and show up authentically. My practice is built on validation, compassion, and empowerment, with absolutely no judgment.
(757) 568-7060 View (757) 568-7060
Photo of L Jenkins - Takes a Village II, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Takes a Village II
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi. I am licensed as a mental health counselor in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. I have years of experience working with children, families, individuals, groups, couples, military and their families, college students, and people of the LGBTQIA+ community. In addition, I have worked in multiple therapeutic settings such as schools, group homes, outpatient clinics, therapeutic day treatment centers, intensive in-home centers, mental health skill building centers, and a plethora of other facilities, with a vast range of clientele.
Hi. I am licensed as a mental health counselor in North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. I have years of experience working with children, families, individuals, groups, couples, military and their families, college students, and people of the LGBTQIA+ community. In addition, I have worked in multiple therapeutic settings such as schools, group homes, outpatient clinics, therapeutic day treatment centers, intensive in-home centers, mental health skill building centers, and a plethora of other facilities, with a vast range of clientele.
(980) 982-2611 View (980) 982-2611
Photo of Madison Clair Webb, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Madison Clair Webb
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Rocky Mount, NC 27804
Madison's approach to therapy is established in Family Systems Theory, which values psychological, physical, relational aspects of a person's life and relationships during treatment.
Madison desires to foster an atmosphere of safety and free of judgment. Her passion is her clients: walking alongside of them, serving them, and empowering them to make healthy decisions for themselves. Her engaging personality, gentle nature, and calm demeanor creates a safe environment where trust is built through genuine honesty and authenticity. She desires to foster an atmosphere of safety and free of judgment.
Madison's approach to therapy is established in Family Systems Theory, which values psychological, physical, relational aspects of a person's life and relationships during treatment.
Madison desires to foster an atmosphere of safety and free of judgment. Her passion is her clients: walking alongside of them, serving them, and empowering them to make healthy decisions for themselves. Her engaging personality, gentle nature, and calm demeanor creates a safe environment where trust is built through genuine honesty and authenticity. She desires to foster an atmosphere of safety and free of judgment.
(252) 642-6506 View (252) 642-6506
Photo of Michele Ruhmann, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, NCC
Michele Ruhmann
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, NCC
1 Endorsed
New Bern, NC 28560
Waitlist for new clients
Your story has a purpose and is as unique as you are, we will work together to create a tailored therapy experience to meet your goals incorporating parts work ( IFS-informed), EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), somatic bodywork, sex therapy and traditional talk therapy.
I offer a holistic approach to how the physical, emotional, spiritual, and cultural elements have impacted your life and perspective. As a somatic therapist, yoga, and Pilates instructor, I utilize a body-centric approach with my clients to cultivate more confidence, satisfaction, and authenticity in living the life you want.
Your story has a purpose and is as unique as you are, we will work together to create a tailored therapy experience to meet your goals incorporating parts work ( IFS-informed), EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), somatic bodywork, sex therapy and traditional talk therapy.
I offer a holistic approach to how the physical, emotional, spiritual, and cultural elements have impacted your life and perspective. As a somatic therapist, yoga, and Pilates instructor, I utilize a body-centric approach with my clients to cultivate more confidence, satisfaction, and authenticity in living the life you want.
(252) 379-5081 View (252) 379-5081
Photo of Dalton Kornegay, Pastoral Counselor, PhD, CMHCA, LCASA, IMFTT, CCH
Dalton Kornegay
Pastoral Counselor, PhD, CMHCA, LCASA, IMFTT, CCH
Greenville, NC 27834
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (Assoc), a Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist (Assoc), a Licensed Clinical Christian Counselor, and a Professional Clinical Member of The National Christian Counselors Association. I hold a Doctorate in Clinical Christian Counseling, Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Master of Arts in Clinical Christian Counseling and an undergraduate degree in Biology/ Chemistry. Faith Connected Counseling Consultation (FCCC) offers service to those that may suffer from relationship issues, grief, depression, anxiety, bipolar I/II, and/ or other cognitive disorders.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (Assoc), a Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist (Assoc), a Licensed Clinical Christian Counselor, and a Professional Clinical Member of The National Christian Counselors Association. I hold a Doctorate in Clinical Christian Counseling, Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Master of Arts in Clinical Christian Counseling and an undergraduate degree in Biology/ Chemistry. Faith Connected Counseling Consultation (FCCC) offers service to those that may suffer from relationship issues, grief, depression, anxiety, bipolar I/II, and/ or other cognitive disorders.
(252) 557-1472 View (252) 557-1472
Photo of Erin L Joyner
Erin L Joyner
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rocky Mount, NC 27804
My name is Erin Joyner, and I am a Master’s Intern Therapist at Breaking Cycles Counseling. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal relationships, life changes, and grief. I also specialize in helping clients living with chronic pain, illness, and disability. I can happily provide for a broad spectrum of needs for individual adults, seniors, teens, couples, and families, via telehealth. I always aim to help people by tailoring my approach to your individual needs. I have a nonjudgmental perspective on everyone and have yet to meet anyone from whom I can’t learn something, too!
My name is Erin Joyner, and I am a Master’s Intern Therapist at Breaking Cycles Counseling. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal relationships, life changes, and grief. I also specialize in helping clients living with chronic pain, illness, and disability. I can happily provide for a broad spectrum of needs for individual adults, seniors, teens, couples, and families, via telehealth. I always aim to help people by tailoring my approach to your individual needs. I have a nonjudgmental perspective on everyone and have yet to meet anyone from whom I can’t learn something, too!
(336) 769-8436 View (336) 769-8436
Photo of Jaymie Miller, Counselor, MS, LCMHCA
Jaymie Miller
Counselor, MS, LCMHCA
1 Endorsed
Greenville, NC 27858
Do you feel constantly overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in your thoughts? Are you exhausted from trying to hold everything together? Through a strong therapeutic relationship, I provide a safe, supportive space to explore what’s happening beneath the surface, build self-awareness, and create meaningful, lasting change. Anxiety and stress can make even everyday life feel heavy and exhausting. My goal is to help you feel more grounded, confident, and control of your life.
Do you feel constantly overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in your thoughts? Are you exhausted from trying to hold everything together? Through a strong therapeutic relationship, I provide a safe, supportive space to explore what’s happening beneath the surface, build self-awareness, and create meaningful, lasting change. Anxiety and stress can make even everyday life feel heavy and exhausting. My goal is to help you feel more grounded, confident, and control of your life.
(252) 390-2114 View (252) 390-2114
Photo of Jeannie Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jeannie Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Greenville, NC 27858
Are you feeling stuck in a relationship and are constantly having the same fights? Or maybe you’re single and find yourself falling into the same negative relationship patterns over and over again? Perhaps you feel like you never got the support you needed as a child and are not getting the support you need from the people around you today. Relationships can have a significant impact on your overall well-being. Sometimes the lack of balance in your relationships can cause you to feel alone, anxious, or angry. This can be very painful and make the rest of life feeling difficult too.
Are you feeling stuck in a relationship and are constantly having the same fights? Or maybe you’re single and find yourself falling into the same negative relationship patterns over and over again? Perhaps you feel like you never got the support you needed as a child and are not getting the support you need from the people around you today. Relationships can have a significant impact on your overall well-being. Sometimes the lack of balance in your relationships can cause you to feel alone, anxious, or angry. This can be very painful and make the rest of life feeling difficult too.
(252) 590-5365 View (252) 590-5365
Photo of Alexis Askew, Counselor, MS, LCMHCA, NCC
Alexis Askew
Counselor, MS, LCMHCA, NCC
1 Endorsed
Greenville, NC 27858
Waitlist for new clients
Are you or your child exhausted from trying to fit into a world that wasn't built for you? Whether you’re a parent watching your kid struggle, a teen who feels like an outsider, or an adult burnt out from "masking" ADHD or OCD, you belong here. You’re looking for a space where you don’t have to translate your experience. You want to stop feeling like a "problem" to be fixed and start feeling like a person to be understood. You need a therapist who gets the "inside-out" reality of neurodivergence and trauma, helping you move from just surviving to actually thriving in your own skin.
Are you or your child exhausted from trying to fit into a world that wasn't built for you? Whether you’re a parent watching your kid struggle, a teen who feels like an outsider, or an adult burnt out from "masking" ADHD or OCD, you belong here. You’re looking for a space where you don’t have to translate your experience. You want to stop feeling like a "problem" to be fixed and start feeling like a person to be understood. You need a therapist who gets the "inside-out" reality of neurodivergence and trauma, helping you move from just surviving to actually thriving in your own skin.
(252) 427-0242 View (252) 427-0242
Photo of Erin Ness Roberts, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Erin Ness Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Washington, NC 27889
Empowering change comes from within and is supported by the community of healthy individuals that we choose to have around us. We live in a world that can often feel frenetic, disengaged and lacking empathy. Clients and I work together to bring about that inner change and outward connection, to connect back to what lights them up, discover barriers that keep us from connecting, and work to reignite that passionate self. Since 2008 I have worked with those that are navigating tough life transitions and are in a stage of sometimes painful but restorative growth.
Empowering change comes from within and is supported by the community of healthy individuals that we choose to have around us. We live in a world that can often feel frenetic, disengaged and lacking empathy. Clients and I work together to bring about that inner change and outward connection, to connect back to what lights them up, discover barriers that keep us from connecting, and work to reignite that passionate self. Since 2008 I have worked with those that are navigating tough life transitions and are in a stage of sometimes painful but restorative growth.
(252) 877-2118 View (252) 877-2118
Photo of Starr Odom, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA
Starr Odom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSWA
4 Endorsed
Greenville, NC 27858
Waitlist for new clients
If you’re feeling caught in a cycle of worry or depression, you’re not alone. Life’s challenges can leave us feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure of ourselves. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, lack of motivation, or adjusting to a new life transition, therapy can offer support, clarity, and meaningful change. I am passionate about helping individuals create realistic and sustainable ways to prioritize their mental health. No matter what season of life you are in, you deserve to be a priority.
If you’re feeling caught in a cycle of worry or depression, you’re not alone. Life’s challenges can leave us feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure of ourselves. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, lack of motivation, or adjusting to a new life transition, therapy can offer support, clarity, and meaningful change. I am passionate about helping individuals create realistic and sustainable ways to prioritize their mental health. No matter what season of life you are in, you deserve to be a priority.
(252) 888-3221 View (252) 888-3221
Photo of Char Boyette, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, EMDRIA, CCS, MDiv, JD
Char Boyette
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCAS, EMDRIA, CCS, MDiv, JD
Winterville, NC 28590
Everyone's story is unique and every person deserves an individualized approach to their problems. Initially we will complete an assessment. Then we become partners in your therapeutic journey. If you have been suffering alone or found past attempts unsatisfactory, please contact me. The therapeutic relationship we develop will be the cornerstone of your wellness journey. I will do everything I can to support you in feeling safe and respected to share. I strive to provide a setting that will allows you to do this. I am open to your input and welcome your feedback as we progress on the path of your renewed happiness.
Everyone's story is unique and every person deserves an individualized approach to their problems. Initially we will complete an assessment. Then we become partners in your therapeutic journey. If you have been suffering alone or found past attempts unsatisfactory, please contact me. The therapeutic relationship we develop will be the cornerstone of your wellness journey. I will do everything I can to support you in feeling safe and respected to share. I strive to provide a setting that will allows you to do this. I am open to your input and welcome your feedback as we progress on the path of your renewed happiness.
(252) 632-7633 View (252) 632-7633
Photo of Tiyon Simmons, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Tiyon Simmons
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) in North Carolina. My competencies include: • Comprehensive mental health assessments and diagnostic formulation • Individual and group psychotherapy • Crisis intervention and suicide prevention • Psychoeducation and parenting support (Triple P model) • Case management and interdisciplinary collaboration • Community resource navigation (housing, food, etc.) I integrate evidence-based modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered Therapy, and psychodynamic approaches to support clients in achieving therapeutic goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) in North Carolina. My competencies include: • Comprehensive mental health assessments and diagnostic formulation • Individual and group psychotherapy • Crisis intervention and suicide prevention • Psychoeducation and parenting support (Triple P model) • Case management and interdisciplinary collaboration • Community resource navigation (housing, food, etc.) I integrate evidence-based modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered Therapy, and psychodynamic approaches to support clients in achieving therapeutic goals.
(252) 680-8962 View (252) 680-8962

See more therapy options for Pasquotank County

Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapists
What is Internal Family Systems therapy?
Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a type of talk therapy that focuses on sub-personalities, or “families,” within a person, which may be made up of wounded parts and unpleasant emotions like anger and shame. These sub-personalities can come into conflict with each other and with an individual’s core Self, leaving the person feeling detached from positive traits such as the “8 C’s” of confidence, calmness, creativity, clarity, curiosity, courage, compassion, and connectedness. By healing a patient’s wounded parts, a therapist aims to restore balance and bring on positive change.

How does Internal Family Systems therapy work?
An IFS therapist will work with a patient to identify their particular sub-personalities, recognize the emotions powering them, and release them. By doing so, the patient should become more able to address any underlying problems their sub-personalities may have been trying to protect them from. Ultimately, a patient discovers ways to manage internal and external conflicts on their own, through techniques such as relaxation exercises, journaling, and making charts depicting the relationships between their core Self and their distinct parts.

Does Internal Family Systems therapy work?
IFS therapy has been shown to help people address conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic, fears and phobias, trauma, and substance use disorders. Some research has also found that it can help individuals deal with symptoms of physical health conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, such as pain, everyday functioning, depressive feelings, and low self-compassion. There are some conditions for which IFS treatment, specifically discussions of one’s “parts,” may be less appropriate, such as schizophrenia or other states that involve psychosis or paranoia.

How long does Internal Family Systems therapy take?
As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for IFS therapy. After becoming comfortable with a therapist and the core concepts of IFS, some patients quickly make progress. While experiences vary, most will find that it is a relatively longer-term therapy, involving months and sometimes years of sessions.